REPORT FROM PAUL F. MOHR, ESQ., CHIEF ENGINEER OF THE SEATTLE, LAKE SHORE & EASTERN RAILWAY, CONCERNING THE CADY'S PASS AND WENATCHIE ROUTE.

Spokane Falls, W. T., Dec. 3, 1888.

The following is a report of the proposed line from West Coast Branch to mouth of Wenatchie River:

I. ENGINEERING FEATURES.

Engineering details of the new route.The proposed line will leave the West Coast Branch at a point six miles south of Snohomish City, running east, crossing the Snohomish River on drawbridge at the junction of the Snoqualmie and Skykomish rivers: thence up the right bank of Skykomish on a 1 per cent. (52.8 feet per mile) grade, a distance of forty miles from point of beginning. Thirty-five miles of 2 per cent. (105.6 feet per mile) grade carries the line to Cady's Pass and mouth of tunnel. The tunnel will be 3,500 feet long, in granite rock; probably little or no lining will be necessary.

Descending to the east by a 2 per cent. grade, following the Wenatchie River, a distance of twenty miles. Descending and level grades alternate for the next twenty-five miles, where 1,000 feet of tunneling will be required in the divide between the Wenatchie and Chumstick rivers. This tunnel saves eight miles of distance in the following eighteen miles, and avoids entering the box cañon of the Wenatchie, a difficult and expensive piece of work.

The development in the Chumstick valley is especially easy. Thence into the Wenatchie valley again, on a 1 per cent. grade, a distance of twenty-seven miles, to the mouth of the Wenatchie River.

A summary of the distances and grades shows a very prettily balanced scheme for operating cheaply and effectively.

SUMMARY OF DISTANCES AND GRADES.

The introduction of 1 per cent. grades, though higher than the water grades of the Wenatchie and Skykomish rivers, is justified as balanced against the 2 per cent. mountain grades and the saving effected thereby in the bench country, which prevails along both rivers mentioned.

While tunnel is being driven, a 4 per cent. cross-over through Cady's Pass can be cheaply put in if necessary.

II. RESOURCES.

Mr. Mohr's account of the resources of the new route.West of the Cascade Range the road will pass through a densely wooded district, through which, with the additional aid of transportation facilities by river now existing, an immense logging industry will be created. The red fir and white cedar now being taken out are superior in quality to those of any section of this coast. Each mile as opened will therefore become an immediate source of income. Considerable prospects and discoveries of gold and silver have already been found, and a number of men are now at work making such developments as are practicable in the absence of transportation facilities. With the opening of the road a heavy mineral traffic will be developed in the future.

Near the summit large deposits of iron are sure to be found, judging from the extraordinary local magnetic variations.

Twenty miles west of the summit are iron-soda springs, which will no doubt become quite famous.

East of the Cascade Summit the country tributary to the road is covered with open, fine forests; the timber is principally second growth yellow and black pine, in tall and straight trees, forming very valuable timber. This prevails for forty miles east of the summit. The remaining country to the mouth of the Wenatchie River is rich agricultural land, fairly well settled up between the Cascade Summit and the mouth of the Wenatchie River.

Very extensive indications of coal and iron are found; and along all of the tributaries of the Wenatchie considerable deposits of precious metals have been discovered, which will no doubt be rapidly developed in the future.

This entire section of country has been well known to miners and prospectors for the past twenty years, but the total lack of transportation facilities has thus far prevented any considerable development of mining properties.

At the confluence of the Wenatchie River with the Columbia River (which will likewise be the crossing point for the Seattle, Lake Shore & Eastern Railway) we find the Columbia River is navigable as far up as the Okanogan country. A large city is destined to spring up at this point, which will control, by means of the Columbia River, a very extensive tributary country.

The valleys of the Entiat, Chelan, Methow, Okanogan, and other rivers, which drain an extraordinary mineral belt, with occasionally fine districts of agricultural land, will provide an enormous quantity of freight for the road. None of this freight will be able to find an outlet except by this road, by reason of the fact that very swift and rocky rapids, which begin about twelve miles south of our crossing and continue for some fifty miles, will for at least a great many years prevent practicable or profitable navigation to points below our crossing.

III. SCENERY.

The aesthetic side of railroading has undoubtedly a large commercial value, and in this instance it will be secured without additional expense. It will certainly prove a valuable factor in the obtainment of passenger traffic. From the city of Seattle to the Columbia River an ever changing succession of magnificent and surprising views will meet the eye of the traveler. Indeed, I believe that the scenic attractions of the Seattle, Lake Shore & Eastern Railway will stand pre-eminent among all the railroads on this coast.

Mr. Mohr's report opens up a region almost unknown heretofore, which is shown to abound in the finest timber, to possess superior agricultural lands, and to give indications of rich deposits of coal, iron, and the precious metals.

All the reports I have seen from Washington Territory confirm the impressions I first received in regard to its wonderful resources.

W. H. RUFFNER

Lexington, Va., Dec. 13, 1880.

Seattle, W. T., Jan. 9, 1889.

Dr. W. H. Ruffner.

Dear Sir: In relation to your request for such additional data as may be of interest in connection with your Report, especially such data as relate to the changes in population since the time of your visit here a little over a year ago, likewise relating to new developments in the plans of the Seattle, Lake Shore & Eastern Railway Co. and other matters of interest, I respectfully state the following:

The immigration into Washington Territory since December, 1887, has been very heavy, and while there are no statistics showing the number of immigrants, except such as have taken up their residence in the towns and cities, I am, I feel sure, not far from the truth, when I estimate their number at 65,000. Of this number,