I. NATIONAL PARKS

Name, location, and establishment:

¹ Constituted from unpatented lands of the public domain.

² Constituted from unpatented lands of National Forests.

³ By direct Act of Congress.

⁴ By executive order authorized by Sundry Civil Act, March 2, 1889.

⁵ By executive order authorized by Act of April 27, 1904, amending agreement with Devil’s Lake Indians. A cash purchase.

⁶ Cash purchase from Choctaw and Chickasaw Indians, acts of July 1, 1902, and April 21, 1904. Renamed in honor of late Senator Platt of Connecticut, long member of Indian Affairs Committee, by Act of June 29, 1906.

⁷ A small percentage of park laps over into Montana and Idaho.

⁸ Yosemite Valley set aside June 30, 1864, as a State park. Receded to United Sates by California, March 3, 1905, and accepted by acts of Congress, March 3, 1905, June 11,1906.

⁹ Extension recommended to include neighboring ruins.

¹⁰ Extension recommended by Superintendent to include lower slopes of mountain to supply winter sanctuary for game.

Private Lands:

¹¹ Three areas are included in total areas of parks. Total private claims amount to about 2.8% of total park areas. State school lands may be exchanged if same lie within any government reservation, under Section 2275 Revised Statutes as amended in 1891.

¹² Secretary of Interior repeatedly recommended purchase of claims, but Congress has failed to act on his bills.

¹³ About 2% of park area is patented, including some of finest timber.

¹⁴ This is a placer mine patent. There are also 178 unperfected claims.

¹⁵ Establishing act allows claimants to exchange for outside lands under forest lieu land laws. No exchanges to date. State school lands have been exchanged.

¹⁶ Of this 360 acres are patented. Remainder in unperfected claims and school lands. Workable coal underlies whole park.

¹⁷ Of this 31,535.98 acres are patented. Remainder as noted in Note 16.

Finances (revenues are from leases and concessions):

¹⁸ Of this $65,000 is for “maintenance and repair of improvements,” to be expended by War Department.

¹⁹ Of this $25,000 is for road building under War Department.

²⁰ Of this $15,000 is toward a sewer if city of Sulphur provides a like amount.

²¹ Park is supervised by an Indian school officer stationed in the neighborhood.

Visitors:

²² First figure is number of baths, free and paid. Second figure is number of persons visiting the mountain observation tower at 25 cents each.

²³ Estimated.

²⁴ Includes visitors from outside the immediate neighborhood. Park also serves city of Sulphur.

²⁵ No carriage road to this park. Horse trail, steep and dangerous, 10 miles.

* Proposed park. Bill to establish passed both branches in 60th Congress, but no in identical form. The bills failed to each a conference vote. Tract is now in a National Forest.

II. STATUTORY PROVISIONS RELATING TO NATIONAL PARKS

Nomenclature and Management:

¹ Interior Department is in all cases the custodian.

² All are specifically called “parks” in the establishing acts or their amendments except Hot Springs and Casa Grande Ruin. These are termed “reservations.”

³ Policed by troops on request of Interior Department (Sundry Civil Acts of March 3, 1883, and June 6, 1900). Paid for from Army appropriation. Same Superintendent and guard cares for both Sequoia and Gen. Grant Parks.

⁴ Road construction by Army Engineers (Act of June 6, 1900).

⁵ Scientific excavations and protective works placed under Smithsonian Institution by Sundry Civil Act of June 30, 1906.

⁶ At present the Supervisor of Rainier National Forest acts as superintendent of park. Forest surrounds the park. Forest rangers police park in part.

⁷ Superintendent of park recommends a military guard in summer.

⁸ The U. S. Marshall for So. Dakota acts voluntarily as advisory superintendent.

⁹ Scientific excavations and protective works undertaken voluntarily by Smithsonian Institution at request of Interior Department.

Misdemeanor Penalties:

¹⁰ All National Forest and National Park employees given power of arrest for violation of laws and regulations by Act of Feb. 6, 1905, reënacted by Agriculture Appropriation Act of March 3, 1905. Act of March 3, 1875, provides a fine up to $500 or imprisonment up to one year for cutting or injuring trees or fences, or for unauthorized pasturing on any reserved public lands. Act of June 3, 1878, as amended August 4, 1892, forbids unlawful timber cutting on public lands, the fine being $100 to $1000. Section 5391 Revised Statues and Act of July 7, 1898, makes offences on U. S. property punishable under the law of the State where committed, if such law exists, in cases where there is no U. S. law to cover same. See 11, 12, 13.

¹¹ Special Act of May 7, 1894, “to protect birds and animals in Yellowstone National Park, and to punish crimes in said park.” Fine up to $1000 or imprisonment up to 2 years, or both, with costs. Wyoming State laws apply where U. S. laws are deficient.

¹² Fine up to $100 and costs in certain cases on a portion of the reservation (Act of April 20, 1904, amended March 2, 1907). City ordinances and State laws apply in some cases.

¹³ Violators of rules governing park may only be ejected. State laws do not cover sufficiently. In the case of the Yosemite there is no U. S. Commissioner within 100 miles.

¹⁴ Rules and regulations for government are required by law in connection with all National Parks except Casa Grande and Sully’s Hill.

¹⁵ Fine up to $500 or imprisonment up to 1 year and liability for all damages.

¹⁶ Fine of $5 to $100 or imprisonment up to 6 months.

¹⁷ Fine up to $1000, or imprisonment up to 1 year, or both.

¹⁸ Fine up to $1000, or imprisonment up to 1 year, and obligation to restore removed property.

Preservation Terms:

¹⁹ The preservation of the park in its natural condition is required by law on 7 of the 12 parks.

²⁰ Establishing act specifies “protection of said ruin and of the ancient city of which it is a part.” Custodian provided annually by Sundry Civil Act.

²¹ Custodian required by establishing act to “cause adequate measures to be taken for the preservation of the natural objects” and of timer, game, and fish.

²² Requirement might be implied, however, from general terms of establishing act.

Privileges:

²³ Act of August 3, 1894, amended March 2, 1907, redefined leasing terms, limiting area to 10 acres, or where more than one location was granted one person or concern, not over 20 acres all told. It forbade leasing any natural wonders, or any land within a fixed distance of chief objects.

²⁴ Railway locations, revocable by Congress, granted by acts of March 3, 1877, and Oct. 19, 1888. Another railway right of Dec. 21, 1893, was defaulted. City reservoir site granted by Act of August 7, 1894. An observation tower with elevator, admission 25 cents, leased a site on the mountain under Act of March 19, 1898. Hotel, bath-house, and sanatorium locations allotted, and hot water from springs sold pursuant to sundry acts of Congress.

²⁵ Revocable locations to power-plants, water-supply works, pole lines, conduits, etc. authorized by Act of Feb. 15, 1901, when not deemed “incompatible with the public interest.” Hetch-Hetchy storage basin grant to San Francisco made hereunto, May, 1908.

²⁶ Hotel leases unlimited as to area or time. Railways may be built into, not through, park.

²⁷ Mining claims proved in good faith prior to Act of May 27, 1908, may be worked under regulation of department. 178 such claims in park.

²⁸ Mining claims may be located and worked under regulation of department. Such claims do not carry a fee title to land here.

²⁹ Village of Sulphur supplied from creek under department regulation.

³⁰ Establishing act permits renting cavern, the chief natural feature of the park. Mining claims antedating park would be protected.

³¹ A bill introduced in 60th Congress by Secretary of Interior to allow hotel and similar leases failed to become law.

(Bill now pending to create Glacier National Park, Montana, allows 20-year leases for private cottages, and also allows removal of mature timber “for the protection and improvement of the park.” No penalties for misdemeanor are provided.)

III. NATIONAL MONUMENTS¹

* Managed by U. S. Forest Service, Department of Agriculture. These areas lie within National Forests. All others managed by Department of Interior. These were created out of National Forest lands. All others except Muir Woods and Tumacacori were created from unpatented public lands. See notes 3 and 5.

¹ Monuments created by Presidential proclamation under Act of June 8, 1906, “For the Preservation of American Antiquities.” Act specifies “historic landmarks, historic and prehistoric structures, and other objects of historic or scientific interest” as reservable under this authority. No power given to lease any part of such lands. The Secretaries of the Interior, Agriculture, and War are directed to draw uniform rules for the control of these tracts. They may permit “properly qualified institutions” to carry on scientific investigations, including excavations and collecting. No appropriation ever made for maintenance of monuments. No revenue derived therefrom. A fine up to $500 or imprisonment up to 90 days, or both, is the penalty for unlicensed excavating or collecting, or for injuring the reserved properties.

² Includes any possible private claims. Extent of patented lands not known to Interior Department.

³ Gift of WIlliam and Elizabeth Thacher Kent of Chicago, Illinois.

⁴ Proposal to enlarge under consideration.

⁵ A perfected patent on this land was relinquished by the entryman.

⁶ The Olympic elk is a rare species and found only in this section of Cascade Mountains.

IV. LOCATION AND AREA OF THE NATIONAL FORESTS IN THE UNITED STATES, ALASKA, AND PORTO RICO, AND DATES WHEN LATEST PROCLAMATIONS BECAME EFFECTIVE.

June 30, 1909.

[Official Table of the Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture.]

¹ Total of Chiricahua in Arizona and New Mexico = 466,497 acres.

² Total of Dixie in Arizona and Utah = 1,102,655 acres.

³ Total of Zuñi in Arizona and New Mexico = 670,981 acres.

⁴ Total of Crater in California and Oregon = 1,119,834 acres.

⁵ Total of Inyo in California and Nevada = 1,521,017 acres.

⁶ Total of Mono in California and Nevada = 1,349,126 acres.

⁷ Total of Siskiyou in California and Oregon = 1,302,393 acres.

⁸ Total of Tahoe in California and Nevada = 1,992,127 acres.

⁹ Area of Battlement revised by General Land Office, May 27, 1909.

¹⁰ Total of Hayden in Colorado and Wyoming = 454,911 acres.

¹ Holy Cross divided into Holy Cross and Sopris National Forests, April 26, 1909.

² Total of La Sal in Colorado and Utah = 474,130 acres.

³ Total of Las Animas in Colorado and New Mexico = 196,620 acres.

⁴ Total of Beaverhead in Idaho and Montana = 1,810,820 acres.

⁵ Total of Cache in Idaho and Utah = 533,840 acres.

⁶ Total of Caribou in Idaho and Wyoming = 740,740 acres.

⁷ Total of Kaniksu in Idaho and Washington = 950,740 acres.

⁸ Total of Minidoka in Idaho and Utah = 736,407 acres.

⁹ Total of Pocatello in Idaho and Utah = 298,868 acres

¹⁰ Total of Targhee in Idaho and Wyoming = 1,479,320 acres.

¹¹ Minnesota National Forest created by act of Congress.

¹ Total of Sioux in Montana and South Dakota = 249,653 acres.

² Total of Inyo in California and Nevada = 1,521,017 acres.

³ Total of Mono in California and Nevada = 1,349,126 acres.

⁴ Total of Tahoe in California and Nevada = 1,992,127 acres.

⁵ Total Chiricahua in Arizona and New Mexico = 466,497 acres.

⁶ Total of Las Animas in Colorado and New Mexico = 196,620 acres.

⁷ Total of Zuñi in Arizona and New Mexico = 670,981 acres.

⁸ Total of Crater in California and Oregon = 1,119,834 acres.

⁹ Total of Siskiyou in California and Oregon = 1,302,393 acres.

Total of 147 National Forests in the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167,677,749

¹ Total of Wenaha in Oregon and Washington = 813,342 acres.

² Total of Sioux in Montana and South Dakota = 249,653 acres.

³ Total of Ashley in Utah and Wyoming = 952,086 acres.

⁴ Total of Cache in Idaho and Utah = 523,840 acres.

⁵ Total of Dixie in Arizona and Utah = 1,102,665 acres.

⁶ Total of La Sal in Colorado and Utah = 474,130 acres.

⁷ Total of Minidoka in Idaho and Utah = 736,407 acres.

⁸ Total of Pocatello in Idaho and Utah = 298,868 acres.

⁹ Total of Kaniksu in Idaho and Washington = 950,740 acres.

¹⁰ Total of Caribou in Idaho and Wyoming = 740,740 acres.

¹¹ Total of Hayden in Colorado and Wyoming = 454,911 acres.

¹² Total of Targhee in Idaho and Wyoming = 1,479,320 acres.

Grand total of 150 National Forests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194,505,325