A Comprehensive History Of Norwich - free ebook by A. D. Bayne

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A Comprehensive History Of Norwich

A. D. Bayne

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125 chapters

A COMPREHENSIVE HISTORY OF NORWICH

A COMPREHENSIVE HISTORY OF NORWICH

INCLUDING A SURVEY OF THE CITY: AND ITS PUBLIC BUILDINGS; CIVIL AND MUNICIPAL HISTORY: INCLUDING COMPLETE LISTS OF MAYORS AND SHERIFFS, AND NOTICES OF EMINENT CITIZENS; POLITICAL HISTORY: INCLUDING COMPLETE ELECTION RETURNS AND LISTS OF MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT; RELIGIOUS HISTORY: INCLUDING MEMOIRS OF BISHOPS AND DEANS—RISE AND PROGRESS OF NONCONFORMITY; COMMERCIAL HISTORY: INCLUDING THE SUBSTANCE OF PRIZE ESSAYS ON THE MANUFACTURES AND TRADE OF NORWICH. By A. D. BAYNE. JARROLD AND SONS, 12, PATERN

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PREFACE.

PREFACE.

Some account of the sources of information should be given in the preface to a history, in order to assure the reader of the authenticity of the narrative. No one can have turned over a bookseller’s catalogue of local historical publications without observing how few they are in comparison with the extent and importance of the particular district in view. The fact is, that most of the productions of the early authors are either very scarce or are entirely out of print. No city or county can b

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Rise and Progress of the City.

Rise and Progress of the City.

In tracing the rise and progress of the city, it is necessary to inquire respecting the physical condition of the district around it at an early period. Before the dawn of authentic history, it is in vain to expect full information on this point; but the natural changes that have taken place may be traced with tolerable clearness. Geologists inform us that the whole area of Norfolk, including Norwich, was in remote ages under the sea; that by the slow accumulation of alluvial matter islands we

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The Modern City.

The Modern City.

The modern city, with all its improvements and extensions, presents a very different aspect to what it did in former times, when it was enclosed by high walls and gates. It stands for the most part on the summit and sloping sides of a rising ground, running parallel with the river Wensum on the southern side, above its confluence with the Yare. Its greatest extent from St. Clement’s Hill (north) to Hartford Bridges (south) is four and a quarter miles; and following the zigzag line of boundary

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The Market Place.

The Market Place.

The Market Place, which occupies the centre of the city, is one of the most spacious in England; and being overhung by the singularly massive square tower of St. Peter’s, and presenting several specimens of antique houses of the gable-front construction, is very picturesque in its appearance. It was formerly the great Croft, belonging to the Castle, on the outer ditch of which it is supposed to have abutted. The first parts built upon were the east and west sides and the north end. The other

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Norwich Castle.

Norwich Castle.

Norwich castle High over the centre of the old city, over all its churches, and towers, and streets, rises the Norman Castle, frowning in feudal grandeur over the whole district. It stands on the summit of a mound or hill, steep on all sides, which appears to be chiefly the work of nature, with additions by human labour. The embattled quadrangular keep, in its restored state, retaining all the details of architectural decoration peculiar to the Norman style, presents a faithful image, though w

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The Cathedral.

The Cathedral.

This grand Norman pile is the great ornament to the city, but its situation is so low that its goodly proportions can be seen only from one point of view, namely from Mousehold Heath. From that elevation it presents the dignity of a great work of architecture, and the spire may be seen on a clear day, on the north, at a distance of twenty miles. The noble tower, with its gracefully tapering spire, second in height only to that of Salisbury, the flying buttresses, and the circular chapels at th

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The Free Grammar School.

The Free Grammar School.

The Free Grammar School The Free Grammar School, near the west end of the Cathedral, was founded by Bishop Salmon, in 1325, and annexed to a small Collegiate Chantry. At the dissolution of this college, the Corporation, by their Hospital Charter, were required to find a master and usher, and to remunerate them out of the ample revenues assigned to them by that charter. This trust was transferred, in 1836, from the Corporation to the Charity Trustees. There are generally a little more than a h

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The Erpingham Gate

The Erpingham Gate

is situated directly before the west front of the Cathedral, and is in an excellent state of preservation. It was built in 1428 by Sir Thomas Erpingham, (who lies buried in the choir of the Cathedral) as a penance for having espoused the cause of Wickliffe. It consists of a lofty pointed arch, in the mouldings of which are a series of thirty-eight statues in canopied niches. The spandrels are highly decorated with tracery mouldings and shields, the whole being enclosed in a kind of square fra

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The Ethelbert Gateway

The Ethelbert Gateway

leads to the south end of the Upper Close. It was built by the citizens as an atonement for the injuries done in a quarrel which they had with the monks in 1272. The chamber over the arch was formerly used as a chapel dedicated to St. Ethelbert, the church of that name having been destroyed during the riots. The west front has a modern pediment of stone tracery, inlaid with flint. Beneath is a series of blank niches with a statue in the centre. In the spandrels of the arch are figures, in b

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The View from the Castle Hill.

The View from the Castle Hill.

We shall now return to the Castle-hill Walk, which is favourable for a view of the whole city, with all its churches and towers. If we take our position on the eastern side we shall see the broad vale of the Yare, where the Romans came up in their galleys and landed on that side of the river, then very wide. We shall see also where the first street (King Street,) extends southward the whole length of the city, with tall chimnies of great breweries sending forth volumes of smoke. Northward the

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The Cattle Market.

The Cattle Market.

The Cattle Market, on the south side of the hill, has been greatly extended, and presents the most extensive area for the purpose in England. On the east side whole blocks of old houses have been cleared away, and great additions made to the space for the display of horses, cattle, sheep, and pigs. The improvements cost the city over £50,000. Every Saturday the hill presents a busy and highly interesting scene, and a vast amount of business is transacted here in the space of a few hours. The

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The Shirehall.

The Shirehall.

The Shirehall, on the Castle Meadow, was erected from a plan by William Wilkins, Esq. It was commenced on September 9th, 1822, and opened September 27th, 1823, and is a poor imitation of the Tudor style of architecture. It stands on the north-east side of the Castle, and is a substantial brick edifice, possessing all the usual accommodations. It comprises Crown Court, Nisi Prius Court, and rooms for witnesses and others. The county assizes and sessions are held in these courts. Near the cro

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The Guildhall.

The Guildhall.

The Guildhall is a large antique building, chiefly of flint, at the north end of the Market Place. It was completed in 1413, when the windows of the Council Chamber were glazed chiefly with stained glass; but all these ornaments have disappeared, except in three east windows. The furniture of this room is of the time of Henry VIII., and the wood work is ornamented with the linen pattern. The room has been much improved of late years. The principal court is on the ground floor, where the city

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St. Andrew’s Hall.

St. Andrew’s Hall.

St. Andrew’s Hall stands in the centre of the city, in the parish of St. Andrew. It was originally the Church of the Convent of the Blackfriars, the building of which was begun about the year 1415, by Sir Thomas Erpingham, who died in 1428, before it was finished. It was completed by his son, Sir Robert Erpingham, who was rector of Bracon Ash, in Norfolk, a friar of the order of St. Dominic, and a member of this convent. This convent extended from St. Andrew’s Street to the river from south t

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The Corn Exchange.

The Corn Exchange.

The Corn Exchange is situated in Exchange Street, which commences at the north end of the Market Place. The original building, which was erected in 1828, at a cost of £6000, being found too small, was taken down in 1861, and the present spacious edifice was built by a company at a cost of £16,000, including the site. The exterior is massive in its effect. The key stone of the large window has a carved head of Ceres. The interior is well lighted from the roof, the superficial area of the glas

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The Norwich Public Library.

The Norwich Public Library.

The Norwich Public Library is located in a spacious room built for the purpose at the end of an avenue opposite the Guildhall. The first meeting of subscribers was held there on September 7th, 1837. The library contains about 30,000 volumes, including many old books of divinity and archæology. The yearly subscription is one guinea paid by shareholders, and 26s. paid by others; and subscribers are entitled to borrow two sets of books at a time. The library is open from 10 a.m. till 9 p.m. Be

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The Norfolk and Norwich Museum

The Norfolk and Norwich Museum

is a fine building, erected in 1839, in Broad Street, St. Andrew’s. It contains very valuable collections in geology, ethnology, and entomology, but chiefly in ornithology. The specimens in ornithology comprise nearly all the varieties of the raptores or birds of prey, mostly supplied by J. H. Gurney, Esq. A large new room in the adjoining building is filled with specimens of British birds, also contributed by J. H. Gurney, Esq., whose portrait adorns the room. The fossil remains of mammalia

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The Norfolk and Norwich Literary Institution

The Norfolk and Norwich Literary Institution

occupies the upper part of the same building as the Museum, and a large room in the adjoining one. It was established in 1822, and contains more than 20,000 well-selected volumes in the various departments of literature. It is supported by several hundred subscribers who pay two guineas yearly, and the shareholders pay a guinea and a half yearly. Every member has the privilege of borrowing two books, and a pamphlet and review at the same time. A greater number is allowed to country members,

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The Free Library.

The Free Library.

This is a large building at the corner of St. Andrew’s Broad Street; erected in 1856, and opened in 1857, under the Free Libraries and Museum Act, by the Corporation, at a cost of £10,000. It includes large rooms for the Museum and the Free Library, the Literary Institution, and the School of Art. The Free Library, in the lower room, contains about 4,000 volumes, and the Old Collection called the City Library. The middle room above is fitted up as a lecture hall. The School of Art is located

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The Theatre Royal

The Theatre Royal

is situate at a short distance from the Market Place, in Theatre Street. It is a very plain building, erected in 1826, but the interior is quite commodious enough for the limited number of patrons which Norwich furnishes to the drama....

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The Post Office

The Post Office

is a large, but by no means handsome building; situate in Post Office Street, near the Market Place. There are two deliveries from London daily, and mails daily to all parts of the kingdom....

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THE PARISHES AND PARISH CHURCHES.

THE PARISHES AND PARISH CHURCHES.

Norwich appears to have taken the lead in the erection of religious edifices. At a very early period, before the reign of Edward the Confessor, the city contained 25 churches, and in the eleventh century, 55 existed in or near the town. After the conquest, 43 chapels were in the patronage of the burgesses, most of which were afterwards made parochial. In the reign of Edward III., 58 parish churches and chapels were within the walls, besides 19 monastic institutions and cells, anchorages, &amp

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NONCONFORMISTS’ CHAPELS.

NONCONFORMISTS’ CHAPELS.

The Old Meeting House , Colegate Street, was erected in 1693 by the Independents, a congregation of which body had existed in Norwich since the Commonwealth. They had originally assembled in a brewery in St. Edmund’s, and afterwards in the “west granary” of St. Andrew’s Hall. Mr. Bridge, the first pastor, who was incumbent of St. George’s, Tombland, seceded from the church in the reign of James II., and sat in the Westminster Assembly of Divines. The building is a large structure of red brick

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CHAPTER I.

CHAPTER I.

The Castle, Cathedral, and churches already described are the chief antiquities of the city, but other remains are worthy of notice, and have been described by Blomefield, Kirkpatrick, Taylor, Harrod, S. Woodward, B. B. Woodward, the Rev. R. Hart of Catton, R. Fitch, Esq., and other antiquaries, who have explored every part of the old city. They nearly all agree in their accounts of the rise and progress of Norwich, and of its condition at different periods. B. B. Woodward, Esq., F.S.A., delive

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CIVILIANS AND LADIES.

CIVILIANS AND LADIES.

c 1380. Richard de Heylesdone, and Beatrice, his wife. Hellesdon . 1384. John de Heylesdone, and Johanna, his wife. An inscription only. 1412. Walter Moneslee, and Isabella, his wife. St. John in Maddermarket . 1432. Robert Baxter, and Christiana, his wife. St. Giles . 1435. Robert Brasyer, and Christiana, his wife. A celebrated bell-founder. St. Stephen . Roberti Brasyer (mutilated). 1436. Richard Purdaunce, and Margaret, his wife. John Asgar, the younger. St. Lawrence . c 1445. Alice Thorn

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CHAPTER II. The Aborigines.

CHAPTER II. The Aborigines.

Norwich is very remarkable for its antiquities, its historical associations, its manufactures, and its trade; and also for the eminent men who have flourished at various periods in the city. It was the scene of many important events in the times of the Iceni, the Romans, the Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Danes, and Normans. It was the royal seat of Anglo-Saxon princes. It was the Hierapolis Monachopolis of the middle ages; famous for its churches and convents; and in later times, celebrated for its

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CHAPTER III. Norwich in the Roman Period.

CHAPTER III. Norwich in the Roman Period.

When Julius Cæsar invaded the island, B.C. 55, he found seventeen tribes of the ancient Britons or Celts, and the Iceni, inhabiting this eastern district. They belonged to a very old family of mankind, of whose beginning there is no record, and their end is still more remote in the future. They first planted this island and gave to the seas, rivers, lakes, and mountains names which are poems, imitating the pure voices of nature. Julius Cæsar only made an inroad into the country through a part

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CHAPTER IV. Norwich in the Anglo-Saxon Period.

CHAPTER IV. Norwich in the Anglo-Saxon Period.

The destruction of all documents relating to East Anglia, during the irruptions of the Danes, has rendered this period the most obscure of any period of our history. The Angles, Saxons, and Jutes having subjugated the fair territory of England, they divided it into seven kingdoms, called the Heptarchy, in which Norfolk formed a part of East Anglia. The Anglo-Saxon leader, Uffa, established himself in this part of the island, in 575; and assumed dominion over that portion of the eastern distric

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CHAPTER V. Norwich under the Danes.

CHAPTER V. Norwich under the Danes.

The Danes became settled in the city, and fortified themselves against all enemies, about 1011; and the next year, Turkil or Turketel, a Danish earl, took possession of all Norfolk, having expelled the English Earl Ulfketel, and held it under Sweyn till his death, which happened in 1014. Then the Danish army chose Canute his son for their king: but upon Sweyn’s death the English took courage and sent for Ethelred out of Normandy, who returned and drove Canute out of the country. Turkel, howeve

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CHAPTER VI. Norwich in the Norman Period.

CHAPTER VI. Norwich in the Norman Period.

The Norman Conquest of England caused many changes in Norfolk and Norwich. One of the immediate results of the invasion, in 1066, was a vast influx of foreigners into the county and city; and the pressure of the Norman yoke was felt as much in Norwich as in any part of the kingdom. It was about the same period that Jews began to settle here for the first time, enriched by the extortions incident to a conquest, and, as Fuller says, “buying such oppressed Englishmen’s goods as Christians did not

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CHAPTER VII. Norwich in the Twelfth Century.

CHAPTER VII. Norwich in the Twelfth Century.

About the commencement of this century, a considerable addition was made to the population of the city by a vast influx of Jews, who originally came from Normandy, and were allowed to settle in England as chapmen for the sale of confiscated goods. They afterwards became numerous, and were so much in favour with William Rufus that he is said to have sworn, by St. Luke’s face, his usual oath, that “If the Jews should overcome the Christians, he himself would become of their sect.” In his reign t

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CHAPTER VIII. Norwich in the Thirteenth Century.

CHAPTER VIII. Norwich in the Thirteenth Century.

King John ascended the throne in 1193, and in a few years afterwards the barons rebelled against him. In 1215, Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk, joined the insurgent barons. The king seized the castle, expelled the earl, and appointed the Earl of Pembroke and John Fitz-Herbert Constables of the Castle. Lewis, the Dauphin of France, having obtained a grant of the kingdom from the pope, brought over a large force, ravaged the counties of Norfolk and Suffolk, took the castle, and reduced the city.

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CHAPTER IX. Norwich in the Fourteenth Century.

CHAPTER IX. Norwich in the Fourteenth Century.

In this century this city and other towns began to obtain political privileges. The kings of the middle ages found themselves obliged to summon burgesses to parliament in order to obtain supplies. The early parliaments appear to have been convened chiefly for this purpose, and were constantly dissolved as soon as the business for which they met was transacted. Formerly the burgesses returned were always citizens, who really were representatives of the city and its interests, and not merely su

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CHAPTER X. Norwich in the Fifteenth Century.

CHAPTER X. Norwich in the Fifteenth Century.

At the commencement of this century (in 1402) the grand affair of obtaining a new charter occupied the greater part of the time of the citizens, but as nothing could be done without the concurrence of Bishop Spencer, they at last found means to soften him, and to obtain his promise that he would not oppose them in this their favourite object. All obstacles being now removed, they offered to lend Henry 1000 marks, which so far obliged the king that he was willing to give them as full a charter a

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CHAPTER XI. Norwich in the Sixteenth Century.

CHAPTER XI. Norwich in the Sixteenth Century.

At the commencement of this century most of the houses in the city were built of wood with thatched roofs. This accounts for the number of fires which broke out at different times, and which, in 1507 and 1509, reduced a large portion of the city to ashes, no fewer than 718 houses being consumed in the latter year. These conflagrations induced the corporation, in 1509, to issue an order that no newly-erected buildings in the city should be covered with thatch, but this injunction not extending

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CHAPTER XII. Norwich in the Seventeenth Century.

CHAPTER XII. Norwich in the Seventeenth Century.

This was a very eventful period in the annals of the city. The century opened with storms and inundations in the physical world, heralding commotions in the political world. On April 9th, 1601, a sudden storm of hail and rain passed over the city, whereby the upper part of the Cathedral spire, which had been lately repaired, was beaten down. It fell on the roof of the church, which it broke through, doing great damage to it as well as to the walls of the choir. The spire was split on the sou

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CHAPTER XIII. Nonconformity in Norwich.

CHAPTER XIII. Nonconformity in Norwich.

The Church of Rome reigned supreme over all Europe for a thousand years, but in the 15th century, reason revolted against her authority. Lutheranism and Calvinism were the first forms of the revolt on the Continent, and they assumed the names of Presbyterianism and Puritanism in England and Scotland. Norwich, in common with Norfolk and Suffolk, eventually took up the cause of the Reformation with a zeal and vehemence which make them stand alone in the annals of history. Norwich Nonconformists,

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CHAPTER XIV. Social State of the City from the Fourteenth to the Eighteenth Centuries.

CHAPTER XIV. Social State of the City from the Fourteenth to the Eighteenth Centuries.

Before we proceed to chronicle the leading local events of the 18th century, it may not be altogether unprofitable to review briefly the social state of the city during some 300 or 400 years preceding. In doing this we may now and then have to advert to matters to which we have alluded already; but at the risk even of an occasional repetition, it will be worth while—in order to help our readers to appreciate subsequent improvements at their proper worth—to consider a little more minutely than w

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CHAPTER XV. Norwich in the Eighteenth Century.

CHAPTER XV. Norwich in the Eighteenth Century.

The Reformation had now become an established fact in the Churches of England and Scotland; the glorious Revolution of 1688 had been accomplished; the civil wars were over, and the country enjoyed a long period of repose. Local events had, it is true, become of less importance, because less connected with general history; but the narrative will not be the less interesting to local readers. Walls and gates still surrounded the old city, and confined it within narrow limits. All the principal s

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CHAPTER XVI. Norwich Navigation.

CHAPTER XVI. Norwich Navigation.

About this time a very important movement took place in the city, with the view to make “Norwich a port,” and many meetings were held to promote that object. Here, therefore, will be a proper place to review the proceedings in reference to our navigation to Yarmouth and Lowestoft. The history will show the grasping selfishness of the old corporation at Yarmouth, which always tried to tax the trade of the city, and opposed every improvement, even when it was for the benefit of both towns. Norwi

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CHAPTER XVII. Leading Events (continued).

CHAPTER XVII. Leading Events (continued).

We resume our chronological list of the leading events of the century:— 1825 . January 5th. At a public meeting held at the Guildhall, a Mechanics’ Institution was established, and it was continued for some years in the rooms above the Bazaar, St. Andrew’s. March. Cleansing week passed off without opposition for the second time. April 7th. The clergy of the archdeaconry of Norwich agreed to petition in favour of the claims of the Catholics to have the same political rights and privileges as

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CHAPTER XVIII. The Reform Era.

CHAPTER XVIII. The Reform Era.

William IV. ascended the throne in 1830, in a period of great political excitement. During his short reign of seven years, there was the greatest political agitation ever known in this country about a Reform of Parliament, a measure which the people had long and earnestly desired. Many meetings were held in this city, and petitions were adopted in favour of reform, long called for and long deferred. In fact, the king, during the early part of his reign, had other and more pressing causes of a

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CHAPTER XIX. Reign of Queen Victoria.

CHAPTER XIX. Reign of Queen Victoria.

Queen Victoria was proclaimed here in the usual manner, on June 23rd, 1837, amid great rejoicing. On Thursday, August 17th, Dr. Stanley was enthroned in the Cathedral; he was the sixty-sixth bishop of the diocese, and the thirty-third since the reformation. After the installation about a hundred of the gentry, clergy, and laity dined at the Norfolk Hotel. This bishop was a great promoter of the education of the poor. An episcopal chapel was opened in Heigham on August 10th, and afterwards co

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CHAPTER XX. Leading Events (continued).

CHAPTER XX. Leading Events (continued).

In the autumn of 1848, the Royal Agricultural Society of England held a meeting in this city. The exhibition of stock and implements took place in a large field near the Newmarket Road, and attracted thousands of visitors. The trials of implements took place on land near the city. Lectures were delivered by the Rev. E. Sidney and others at the Shirehall. The members of the Society and their friends dined together on two occasions, in St. Andrew’s Hall. Addresses were delivered by Professor

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CHAPTER XXI. Leading Events (continued).

CHAPTER XXI. Leading Events (continued).

About this time the two parties in the council became nearly equal in numbers, and the Liberals found a difficulty in selecting a mayor and sheriff every year from their own party. They accordingly proposed that each party should nominate a mayor and sheriff alternately. In 1848 S. Bignold, Esq., was nominated a second time, and elected unanimously to serve the office of mayor. From that time to the present the chief magistrate and the sheriff have been selected from each party alternately.

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CHAPTER XXII. Norwich Musical Festivals.

CHAPTER XXII. Norwich Musical Festivals.

Since the year 1824, musical festivals have been held in this city triennially, for the benefit, originally, of the hospitals, and lately of various other charities also, and for the promotion of musical science. These celebrations have been so successful on the whole that the total surplus receipts over the expenditure have amounted to more than £10,000. Works of the greatest composers have been well performed by the most eminent instrumentalists and vocalists of the day, and thereby a taste

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CHAPTER XXIII. Eminent Citizens of the Nineteenth Century.

CHAPTER XXIII. Eminent Citizens of the Nineteenth Century.

Professor Taylor claims the first place in our notices of the eminent citizens of this period, as a politician, a musician, and a public man. After his death a memoir of him appeared in the Norfolk News of March 28th, and April 4th, 1863, and from it we derive the following details:— “Mr. Edward Taylor was the great grandson of the celebrated Dr. John Taylor, a man not less beloved for the kindliness of his disposition, than he was venerated for his vast learning. Dr. Taylor was born at Lancas

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CHAPTER XXIV. Norwich Artists in the Nineteenth Century.

CHAPTER XXIV. Norwich Artists in the Nineteenth Century.

Norwich artists must have flourished in the 17th and 18th centuries, as proved by their portraits of city worthies in the Guildhall and St. Andrew’s Hall, but we have few notices of early painters or engravers. About the commencement of the present century, a gentleman named Thomas Harvey lived at Catton, and was recognised as a very clever amateur artist. He painted in oil, admirably, and he induced several of the leading artists of the day to visit Norfolk, such as Opie, Gainsborough, Sir Wi

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CHAPTER I. The Commercial History of Norwich.

CHAPTER I. The Commercial History of Norwich.

What has been the trade of the city, from the earliest period up to the present time, is an interesting subject of inquiry to the inhabitants. The sources of information are very scanty, for local historians of former days did not trouble themselves much about trade, but were content with simply recording passing events and the proceedings of public bodies. From old charters and acts of parliament, and details of local taxation, we may, however, learn something about the industry and trade of

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CHAPTER II.

CHAPTER II.

Having given an account of the textile manufactures in this city, we proceed to furnish some particulars of the more important of other classes of business, which go to make up the sum total of the trade and commerce of the city. Banking, as now understood, was not carried on till the eighteenth century. Before the American war of Independence very few country banks were established. Norwich manufactures were in their most prosperous state in the middle of last century, and then it was that so

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CHAPTER I. Political History.

CHAPTER I. Political History.

We have already recorded the chief political events of the last century, and we shall now proceed to connect it with the present period by a brief review of political meetings and elections. An account of all the contested elections, in full detail, would be highly interesting if it could be written, but unfortunately the local records are very imperfect and unreliable. The public journals have been, of course, biassed by party considerations, and from them it is impossible to derive an impart

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CHAPTER II. Political History—(Continued.)

CHAPTER II. Political History—(Continued.)

In consequence of the passing of the New Reform Bill in 1867, this election had been long anticipated, and preparations for it had been for some months in progress by the re-organisation of the three parties—the Conservatives, the Whigs, and the Radicals, the last of which was now numerically the strongest of the three. At the commencement of the year, a general committee of forty delegates, five from each of the eight wards, was formed in the Tory interest, in order to be prepared for the comi

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CHAPTER II. The Mayors and Sheriffs of Norwich.

CHAPTER II. The Mayors and Sheriffs of Norwich.

A LARGE parchment book in the Guildhall contains the names of all the mayors and sheriffs since 1403 when the first mayor was elected. The subjoined list has been verified by that official document, and is the most complete record ever published. We give also a few particulars as to the residences of some of the most distinguished of these civic dignitaries. William Appleyard was the first mayor of Norwich, in 1403. He resided in an old flint building in Bridewell Alley, St. Andrew’s, which c

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CHAPTER III. Ecclesiastical.

CHAPTER III. Ecclesiastical.

The origin of the See of Norwich is attached to Sigebert, king of the East Angles, who, being in France about the year 630, brought over Felix, a priest of Burgundy, and constituted him bishop, fixing his seat at Dunwich, in Suffolk. About forty years afterwards the diocese was divided, Dunwich and North Elmham having each a bishop, and this continued till the year 870, when the two sees were again united under Wybred at Elmham. Owing to the devastations of the piratical Danes the see remained

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CHAPTER IV. Religious, Educational, & Benevolent.

CHAPTER IV. Religious, Educational, & Benevolent.

Nearly all of the Religious Institutions in Norwich have arisen during the present century, and annual meetings are held on their behalf. But the Bible Society, the most important of them all, has been supported by both Churchmen and Dissenters. It was founded in 1811, since which year it has distributed 323,000 bibles in the city and county, and remitted to the Parent Society more than £120,000. The late J. J. Gurney was an ardent supporter of this society, and delivered his last great speec

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NORWICH SHAWL WAREHOUSE.

NORWICH SHAWL WAREHOUSE.

Picture of crown I. W. CALEY, By Special Appointment Silk Mercer and Shawlman To Her Majesty the Queen , H.R.H. the Princess of Wales , and H.R.H. the Princess Christian , NORWICH, Desires most respectfully to invite attention to the beautiful Manufactures of this ancient City, well-known as the earliest, and long the most important, seat of Textile industries in this country. Especial excellence of Design, Colouring, and Quality have been attained in the production of SHAWLS, POPLINS, CAMLETS,

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THE ORWELL WORKS, IPSWICH.

THE ORWELL WORKS, IPSWICH.

The Orwell Works, Ipswich, where from 1000 to 1100 men and boys are constantly employed, are situated on the edge of the Wet Dock, to which they have a frontage of 935 feet, the largest dock frontage in the possession of any private trading company in the United Kingdom. The Great Eastern Railway runs into the yards, and goods may be packed in the Orwell Works yard and delivered at any place having railway communication with London without unloading. The works occupy twelve acres of ground, of

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PRINTING OFFICES,

PRINTING OFFICES,

LONDON STREET, NORWICH. JARROLD &amp; SONS Have recently added to the Printing Department of their business Lithographic Steam Power Machinery of the newest and most approved construction , adapted to the rapid completion of the usual business requirements , as Bills , Invoice , Note &amp; Memorandum Headings , Cards , Circulars , etc ., etc ., and also to the production of First-Class and Elaborate Designs in Prospectuses and Ornamental Show-Cards ....

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HOUSEHOLD TRACTS FOR THE PEOPLE.

HOUSEHOLD TRACTS FOR THE PEOPLE.

THREE MILLIONS of these Popular Tracts are now in circulation in Great Britain and the Colonies, and the demand is increasing. They are adapted for gifts or loan; are eagerly listened to at Public Readings at Lecture Halls and School-Rooms; and are worthy the attention of all who seek to promote the moral, sanitary, and religious improvement of the people. Price Twopence each . By Mrs. Sewell . FOR GIRLS. Mother’s Last Words. The Happy Life. Our Father’s Care. Daughters from Home. The Lost Chi

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JARROLD & SONS’ SELECT LIST.

JARROLD & SONS’ SELECT LIST.

FAMILY STATIONERY. Note Papers . Five-Quire Packet Cream Laid Note, 6d. Five-Quire Packet Useful Thick ditto, 9d. Five-Quire Packet Extra Satin ditto, 1s. Extra Superfine Highly-finished Note Paper, 1s. 6d., 1s. 9d., 2s. the 5-quire Packet. Envelopes . Common Cream Laid for Circulars, &amp;c., 4d. per 100. Useful Thick Cream Laid, 6d. per 100. Extra Thick, 7d. and 9d. per 100. Extra Satin Double Thick, 1s. per 100. Jarrolds’ Celebrated Steel Pens , For every Class of Writers, Professional, S

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ELEGANT AND USEFUL ARTICLES SUITABLE FOR WEDDING PRESENTS.

ELEGANT AND USEFUL ARTICLES SUITABLE FOR WEDDING PRESENTS.

The best variety of the newest and choicest patterns and at the lowest possible prices at S. NEWMAN’S GENERAL JEWELLERY ESTABLISHMENT, Near the Norfolk Hotel , ST. GILES’ STREET, NORWICH. Gold and Silver Watches from the best makers. Gold Alberts and Long Chains , Lockets , Rings , Brooches , and JEWELLERY OF EVERY DESCRIPTION . Vases , Toilet Bottles , and Centre Ornaments , in the richest Bohemian and other glass. Clocks and Drawing-Room Timepieces . Silver , Electro-Plated Forks , Spoons ,

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THE National Provident Institution FOR MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE, &c.

THE National Provident Institution FOR MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE, &c.

Head Office —48, Gracechurch Street , London , E.C. THE NATIONAL PROVIDENT INSTITUTION was established in 1835, on the principle of Mutual Assurance, to enable its members to assure their lives at the lowest rate of charge consistent with the security of the Society . The Number of Members of the Institution on the 20th of November, 1867, was 15,338, and the number of Policies then existing 18,965, assuring the sum of £9,223,907, and producing a Gross Annual Income from Premiums of £301,238 0s.

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J. W. JEWSON, COAL MERCHANT, IMPORTER OF DEALS AND TIMBER, NORWICH AND YARMOUTH.

J. W. JEWSON, COAL MERCHANT, IMPORTER OF DEALS AND TIMBER, NORWICH AND YARMOUTH.

COALS. NORWICH DEPOT: Staveley Coal Wharf , Thorpe Station . HEAD OFFICE: Colegate Street , St. Clement’s . WOOD GOODS. TIMBER YARDS; ST. CLEMENT’S, NORWICH; SOUTHTOWN, YARMOUTH. A well-assorted Stock from St. Petersburgh, Wyburgh, Riga, Memel Gothenburg, &amp; other Swedish ports, consisting of Timber Culters—4 by 11, 4 by 9, 3 by 11, 3 by 9, 3 by 8, 3 by 7, 2½ by 7, 2½ by 6¼, 1½ by 7, 1¼ by 7, 1 by 7. Prepared Floor Boards, Scantling, Lath, &amp;c., &amp;c. Also a stock of dry-se

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T. C. R. KING, PRINCE OF WALES’ ROAD, NORWICH,

T. C. R. KING, PRINCE OF WALES’ ROAD, NORWICH,

Plumber, Glazier, General and Decorative Painter. Wholesale and Retail Glass, Lead (in sheets and pipe); Zinc, Oil, Color, and Varnish Warehouse. English and Belgian Glass; Rough, Sheet, and Cast Glass (Plain and Ornamental), in cases, boxes, and crates, or cut to size. Pumps, Water-Closets, Brass-work, &amp;c., kept in Stock. HOUSES COMPLETELY DECORATED. ESTIMATES GIVEN. Note the Address! Prince of Wales’ Road ....

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Mr. C. J. ROBINSON, ACCOUNTANT, Arbitrator, Assurance and Financial Agent.

Mr. C. J. ROBINSON, ACCOUNTANT, Arbitrator, Assurance and Financial Agent.

Accounts Kept and Adjusted . Loans , Mortgages , and other General Financial Business Negotiated . Rents and Debts Collected . AGENT TO THE GENERAL ACCIDENT &amp; GUARANTEE COMPANY, Limited . OFFICES:—1, DOVE STREET, NORWICH....

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TO AGRICULTURISTS. WILLIAM PRATT, Fish Manure Manufacturer, 1, FISH MARKET, NORWICH,

TO AGRICULTURISTS. WILLIAM PRATT, Fish Manure Manufacturer, 1, FISH MARKET, NORWICH,

In returning thanks to his Friends, the Agriculturists of Norfolk and Suffolk, for their patronage since the introduction of his AMMONIACAL AND PHOSPHATE MANURE , begs to inform them that he has a large quantity of Manure of a superior quality, adapted for Mangold and Turnips. Gentlemen ,—I take this opportunity of thanking you for the increased patronage bestowed upon me for past years by the extended use of my Ammoniacal and Phosphate Fish Manure. In soliciting your orders I do so with confid

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ESTABLISHED 1818. 113 & 114, POTTERGATE STREET, ST. JOHN’S MADDERMARKET, NORWICH. THOMAS SELF, Gas Fitter, Bell Hanger, Brass Founder & Worker, LOCK AND GENERAL SMITH.

ESTABLISHED 1818. 113 & 114, POTTERGATE STREET, ST. JOHN’S MADDERMARKET, NORWICH. THOMAS SELF, Gas Fitter, Bell Hanger, Brass Founder & Worker, LOCK AND GENERAL SMITH.

Has on hand a Large Stock of Chandeliers, Pendants, Pillars, Brackets, Gas Globes, &amp;c., &amp;c. RE-BRONZING AND LACKERING. REPAIRS NEATLY EXECUTED....

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Important Sale of First-Class Cabinet and Upholstery Furniture. 37, LONDON STREET, NORWICH.

Important Sale of First-Class Cabinet and Upholstery Furniture. 37, LONDON STREET, NORWICH.

In consequence of the early termination of the lease of the above premises, C. J. FREEMAN, JUNR. has determined to discontinue the trade, and has commenced to sell off the whole of his valuable and extensive stock of CABINET FURNITURE, Chimney Glasses, Brussels and other Carpets, Druggetts, Hearthrugs, Mattings, Damasks, Table Covers, Velvets, Wool and other Mats, Bedding, Chintzes, Floor Cloths, Paper Hangings, Pictures, Wood Stuff, Brass Work Materials, Trimmings of every kind, etc., which are

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NORWICH EQUITABLE FIRE ASSURANCE COMPANY.

NORWICH EQUITABLE FIRE ASSURANCE COMPANY.

Established 1829. CAPITAL, £250,000, in 50,000 Shares of £5 each. Incorporated under Deed of Settlement and by special Statute , 17 Vic. c. 7. CHIEF OFFICES:—15, LONDON STREET, NORWICH. BRANCH OFFICES IN LONDON, LIVERPOOL, AND GLASGOW. Trustees. The Right Hon. Lord SONDES. HENRY NEGUS BURROUGHES, Esq . Sir HANSON BERNEY, Bart . JOHN GARNHAM, Esq ., R.N. Directors. PETER DAY, Esq . JOHN BETTS, Esq . JOSEPH DAVEY, Esq . R. CHAMBERLIN, Esq . CUBITT STANNARD, Esq . A. M. F. MORGAN, Esq . ROBERT FIT

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PROVINCIAL INSURANCE COMPANY.

PROVINCIAL INSURANCE COMPANY.

AGENT: Mr . BENJAMIN BATEMAN, HEIGHAM GROVE TERRACE , Norwich ....

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COLMAN’S PRIZE MEDAL

COLMAN’S PRIZE MEDAL

Five medals STARCH. Medals awarded at the following Exhibitions :— LONDON, 1851. ,, 1862. DUBLIN, 1865. PARIS, 1867. JURORS’ REPORTS. 1867. SILVER MEDAL FOR RICE STARCH. 1865. “Finest Starch was exhibited by J. &amp; J. Colman.” 1862. “Superior quality, with large production.” 1851. “The samples exhibited by Messrs. Colman are excellent.” J. &amp; J. COLMAN, LONDON....

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BURGESS & GRIMWOOD, PHOTOGRAPHERS, Queen Street, Norwich.

BURGESS & GRIMWOOD, PHOTOGRAPHERS, Queen Street, Norwich.

First-Class Photography in all branches. Specialité—Burgess’ Eburneum Process, of which the Photographic News says, “The most charmingly delicate pictures we have ever seen produced;” and the Norfolk News , “In point of artistic beauty, they are incomparably superior to any hitherto produced.”...

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F. LLOYD, ST. GEORGE’S COLEGATE, Norwich,

F. LLOYD, ST. GEORGE’S COLEGATE, Norwich,

Begs respectfully to inform the Nobility and Gentry, that having made an arrangement with a first-class London House, he is prepared to execute all orders entrusted to his care in the best manner possible. Moire-Antique Re-dyed and Watered as New. Silk, Satin, Cashmere, China Crape, and Lace of every description Dyed, Cleaned, and Dressed. Brocatelle, Tapestry, Merino, and Silk Damask Curtains Cleaned and Dressed. French Patent Metallic Printing, by which process a Plain Silk or Moire may have t

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W. HOWLETT AND SONS,

W. HOWLETT AND SONS,

Patronized by their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales. EXTENSIVE ALTERATION IN PREMISES. An inspection is invited of more than 200 first-class PIANOFORTES AND HARMONIUMS FOR SALE OR HIRE , For the purchase of which special arrangements can be made by Quarterly Instalments, on the Two or Three Years Purchase System, the most Economic and Judicious mode of purchasing a Pianoforte. Terms and Prices on application. Full Compass Pianofortes Let from One Guinea per Quarter. All the Ne

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WM. RALFS,

WM. RALFS,

Gold and Silversmith, Watchmaker, Electroplater, and Optician, &amp;c., invites attention to his superior GOLD AND SILVER WARRANTED WATCHES, And offered at very moderate prices, W. R. also wishes to refer to a new and most tasteful variety of articles adapted for presents in Jewellery of all kinds, Silver and Electro Silver articles perfect in design and quality. Clocks of all kinds, best movements, warranted. Experienced workmen in all departments. Clocks Regulated and Wound by the Year .

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E. SAMUEL,

E. SAMUEL,

DEALER IN PLATE, OLD CHINA, ANTIQUE FURNITURE, ARTICLES OF VERTU &amp; BIJOUTERIE, PICTURES , ETC. , 2, TIMBERHILL, NORWICH; AND 73, TOP OF EAST HILL, COLCHESTER....

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THOMAS ULPH, MERCER & LEATHER SELLER, 110, POTTERGATE STREET,

THOMAS ULPH, MERCER & LEATHER SELLER, 110, POTTERGATE STREET,

ST. JOHN’S MADDERMARKET, NORWICH. Agent for Sewing Machines....

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ICES.

ICES.

CREAM AND FRUIT ICES in every variety packed for the Country, with Printed Directions for turning them out of the Moulds, and keeping them in a frozen state. CRYSTALLINE BLOCK ICE of the utmost purity for cooling Wine and general culinary purposes. WEDDING CAKES WITH ALMOND ICEING. A large supply of Wedding Cakes of all sizes always on hand, and ornamented to order in the most elegant designs of the same superior quality which has obtained for them such an extended and well deserved celebrity. W

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NORWICH UNION FIRE INSURANCE SOCIETY. INSTITUTED 1821.

NORWICH UNION FIRE INSURANCE SOCIETY. INSTITUTED 1821.

DIRECTORS. Sir R. J. H. Harvey , Bart ., President . Edward Steward , Esq ., Vice-President . George Durrant , Esq . D. Dalrymple , Esq ., M.P. H. S. Patteson , Esq . W. R. Clarke , Esq . Henry Browne , Esq . George E. Simpson , Esq . W. C. Hotson , Esq . Col. James Cockburn . Charles E. Tuck , Esq . Thomas Beevor , Esq . Secretary , Sir Samuel Bignold . The Rates of this Society are the same as other offices, whilst Periodical Returns have been made to the parties insured amounting to £392,430.

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NORWICH UNION Life Insurance Society.

NORWICH UNION Life Insurance Society.

A MUTUAL INSTITUTION, INSTITUTED 1808. With which has been Amalgamated the Amicable Society , Established by Royal Charter in the reign of Queen Anne. The Aggregate Capital amounts to upwards of £2,300,000. DIRECTORS. Thomas Beevor , Esq ., President . C. M. Gibson , Esq., F.R.C.S. Hon. F. Walpole , M.P., Vice President . W. R. Clarke , Esq . W. H. Clabburn , Esq . Robt. Fitch , Esq ., F.S.A., F.G.S. George Forrester , Esq . Arthur Preston , Esq . I. B. Coaks , Esq . Secretary — Sir Samuel Bign

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TEA. LADYMAN & Co., TEA DEALERS, 6, The Walk, Norwich,

TEA. LADYMAN & Co., TEA DEALERS, 6, The Walk, Norwich,

Have a large and well-selected Stock of the Finest Teas imported, and respectfully solicit the patronage of the Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy, and all large consumers, feeling assured that in price and quality they offer every advantage which can be obtained at the best London Houses. Teas packed in 4, 6, and 12-lb. Canisters, convenient for sending any distance. Chests of about 80 lbs., and Half-chests of 50 lbs., at a Reduction in Price. Carriage paid on all Teas sold to the amount of £2 and

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ROBERTSON & SONS, UPHOLSTERERS, Cabinet & Chair Manufacturers,

ROBERTSON & SONS, UPHOLSTERERS, Cabinet & Chair Manufacturers,

Queen Street , Norwich . R. and S. call special attention to their Bedroom Furniture in light woods, for which they are unequalled both as regards price and quality....

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G. SMITH, St. STEPHEN’S ROAD, NORWICH,

G. SMITH, St. STEPHEN’S ROAD, NORWICH,

Established 20 years , Respectfully informs his Friends and the Clergy and Gentry in general, that he continues to manufacture Carriages of every description, and of the lightest and best construction, on the lowest terms....

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STOCK FEEDING IMPLEMENTS

STOCK FEEDING IMPLEMENTS

A NECESSITY THIS SEASON . The Gold Medal Horse Gear is the Strongest, Lightest, and Cheapest, with smallest amount of Friction. Awarded Gold Medal this year at Toulouse, and Silver Medal by the Royal Agricultural Society last season, and upwards of Fifty First Prizes and Silver Medals. Sold, complete, with intermediate motion, £11 11s. Made solely by WOODS, COCKSEDGE, &amp; WARNER, STOWMARKET . New Improved Steam Engines for small Factories and Farms, One-horse, £40; Two-horse, &amp;c

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TIME AND MONEY SAVED!

TIME AND MONEY SAVED!

Great difficulty is often experienced by the Public in obtaining GENERAL &amp; USEFUL ARTICLES, Which may be obviated by reading the undermentioned Lists and purchasing AT Z. W. WARMAN’S, BEDFORD STREET, ST. ANDREW’S, NEAR THE NEW CORN HALL. Crinolines Machine Needles Braces Ditto Steel Sack ditto Belts Hair Nets Packing ditto Men’s Collars Stay Clasps Glover’s ditto Ladies’ ditto Combs, various London Straws Whalebone Hair Brushes Ground downs Falls Tooth ditto Betweens, &amp;c. Goloshe

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J. C. BEACH, FELLMONGER, Globe and Gaiter Manufacturer, AND LEATHER DRESSER,

J. C. BEACH, FELLMONGER, Globe and Gaiter Manufacturer, AND LEATHER DRESSER,

Near the Silk Mills , Heigham Street , Norwich , Respectfully informs the trade that he continues to supply goods in his line of business to wholesale houses....

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R. MARRISON, BREECH-LOADING, Air, & Rifle Gun Manufacturer, GREAT ORFORD STREET, NORWICH.

R. MARRISON, BREECH-LOADING, Air, & Rifle Gun Manufacturer, GREAT ORFORD STREET, NORWICH.

For fifty years and upwards the most experienced shots have patronized Marrison’s Guns. The shooting powers, building up, and finish of these guns, are well known to be first class. Forgers, barrel-borers, machinists, stockers, engravers, and finishers being constantly employed on the premises. The best workmanship can be guaranteed. Accessories of Breech-loader supplied....

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LA MODE. LADIES’ PIQUE DRESSES, JACKETS, SEASIDE AND COUNTRY COSTUMES,

LA MODE. LADIES’ PIQUE DRESSES, JACKETS, SEASIDE AND COUNTRY COSTUMES,

Braided in a Superior Style from Original Designs. A large assortment of Children’s Dresses, Jackets, Capes, Babies’ Robes, Ladies’ Skirts, Drawlets, Garibaldi, Camisoles, Toilet Sets, Bed Bags, Antimacassars, &amp;c., for Braiding or Working, to select from; any Article required to Special Design or Size can be Manufactured to Order at a few hours’ notice. J. GANLY, Designer and Manufacturer of Embroidery and Braiding Patterns, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN TOYS, BERLIN WOOLS, HABERDASHERY

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THOMAS COTT, POTTERGATE STREET,

THOMAS COTT, POTTERGATE STREET,

ST. GREGORY’S, NORWICH, PAWNBROKER. Money Lent on Plate . Advances made of £10 and upwards upon Plate and Valuable Goods on reasonable terms ....

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JAS. BLAZEBY, Animal Portrait Painter,

JAS. BLAZEBY, Animal Portrait Painter,

16, BETHEL STREET, NORWICH, Respectfully informs the Nobility, Clergy, and Gentry of the Eastern Counties, and Citizens of Norwich, that he continues to execute any orders entrusted to his care with promptitude and accuracy, and he has been patronized by the following Ladies and Gentlemen:— Dowager Lady Suffield G. E. Beauchamp , Esq. Lady Affleck G. S. Kett , Esq. Lady Banbury Rev. J. Holmes Lady Henriette Harvey J. T. Mott , Esq. The Hon. Mr. Burroughes E. Beare , Esq. The Hon. Mr. A. Wodehous

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W. S. BOULTON,

W. S. BOULTON,

Patentee of LAWN MOWING MACHINES, And Manufacturer of all kinds of WIRE NETTING FOR GAME, SHEEP, AVIARIES, &amp; C . STRAINED WIRE FENCING, IRON HURDLES, ENTRANCE GATES, AGRICULTURAL &amp; HORTICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, CONSERVATORIES AND GREENHOUSES IN WOOD OR IRON, GARDEN CHAIRS, WATER BARROWS, WATER AND LIQUID MANURE CARTS, GARDEN ENGINES, KITCHEN RANGES, HOT WATER APPARATUS, &amp;c., &amp;c. ROSE LANE IRON &amp; WIRE WORKS, NORWICH. To be Published in Four Quarterly Parts . R

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CHAMBERLIN, SONS, & CO.,

CHAMBERLIN, SONS, & CO.,

SILK MERCERS, LINEN AND WOOLLEN DRAPERS, HABERDASHERS, CARPET FACTORS, AND Wholesale Manchester Warehousemen, IMPORTERS OF FRENCH AND OTHER CONTINENTAL MANUFACTURES. FAMILY MOURNING. NORWICH....

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J. DYER,

J. DYER,

J. Dyer’s establishment in Norwich ( LATE WOMACK ) 10, 11, &amp; 12, WHITE LION STREET, NORWICH, MERCHANT TAILOR, Wholesale &amp; Retail Clothier, Hatter, &amp; General Outfitter TO ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD. THE ORDER DEPARTMENT, The largest and most attractive out of London, is presided over by a careful foreman of extensive experience and first-class talent, assisted by four eminent practical cutters; a perfect and graceful fit can be fully relied upon. THE READY-MADE DEPARTMENT. Spa

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BARNARD, BISHOP, & BARNARDS’ PATENT NOISELESS LAWN MOWER

BARNARD, BISHOP, & BARNARDS’ PATENT NOISELESS LAWN MOWER

The advantages possessed by this Machine over all others are,—perfect silence when in use, great ease in working, extreme durability, certainly of action, simplicity of construction, cheapness. Width of Cutter . Prices . 8-inch Machine £2 10 0 Easily worked by a Child 10 ,, ditto 3 5 Easily worked by a Lady 12 ,, ditto 4 14 ,, ditto Easily worked by a Man 16 ,, ditto 6 18 ,, ditto 10 Easily worked by Man &amp; Boy 20 ,, ditto 7 22 ,, ditto Easily worked by Two Men FOR DONKEY OR PONY . To

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J. and J. King

J. and J. King

Graphic advert for J. and J. King, painters, glaziers, and decorators and glass stainers, No. 1 Princess St. Norwich...

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GLAZED SANITARY TUBE DEPÔT.

GLAZED SANITARY TUBE DEPÔT.

Glazed Drain Pipes of every description, Fire Bricks, Chimney Pots, Metallic Tiles all colours, Adamatine Clinkers, Cement, and every article connected with the building trade at GEORGE LING’S, ALL SAINTS’ GREEN, NORWICH. N.B. — The Largest Stock in the Eastern Counties ....

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THE GOLDEN PLOUGHSHARE.

THE GOLDEN PLOUGHSHARE.

G. C. STEVENS, Wholesale and Retail Ironmonger, ORFORD HILL , NORWICH . Howard’s Prize Ploughs &amp; Harrows. Long’s Sheep Dressing Compositions. Agent for Ransomes and Sims’ Agricultural Implements. GOODS UPON SALE OR HIRE....

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The Cheapest House in the Eastern Counties for MARBLE CHIMNEY PIECES, &c., is J. R. CHILDS’ MARBLE, STONE, & CEMETERY WORKS.

The Cheapest House in the Eastern Counties for MARBLE CHIMNEY PIECES, &c., is J. R. CHILDS’ MARBLE, STONE, & CEMETERY WORKS.

Manufacturer of TABLETS, FONTS, MONUMENTAL TOMBS, SLABS FOR CABINET WORK, &amp;c., ST. GILES’ GATES, NORWICH. Every description of Marble and Stone Work Executed at the Lowest possible Prices ....

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ROBERT MORLEY,

ROBERT MORLEY,

(Late Wiseman &amp; Co.) Importer &amp; Dealer in Wines &amp; Spirits, POST OFFICE STREET , NORWICH....

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E. CUNNINGHAM. PHOTOGRAPHIC ARTIST,

E. CUNNINGHAM. PHOTOGRAPHIC ARTIST,

ST. BENEDICT’S GATES, NORWICH. CARTE DE VISITE, 1s., EXTRA COPIES SIXPENCE EACH , OR FIVE SHILLINGS PER DOZEN . COPYING AND ENGRAVING....

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THOMAS WORLEDGE,

THOMAS WORLEDGE,

WHOLESALE Boot, Shoe, Upper Manufacturer, MAGDALEN STREET, ST. SAVIOUR’S, NORWICH....

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BAKER’S REGISTER OFFICE FOR SERVANTS, THE BATH HOUSE, BANK STREET, NORWICH.

BAKER’S REGISTER OFFICE FOR SERVANTS, THE BATH HOUSE, BANK STREET, NORWICH.

Servants of Good Character constantly in demand . THE BATHS IN BANK STREET Are Open Daily (Sundays excepted) from 7 a.m. till 10 p.m. First Class, 1s. 6d. Second Class, 1s. Third Class, 6d. Male or Female....

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HOWES & SONS,

HOWES & SONS,

Carriage &amp; Harness Manufacturers, CHAPEL FIELD , NORWICH . Howes &amp; Sons’ Light Boat-Shaped Barouche Howes &amp; Sons’ Light Boat-Shaped Barouche. Howes &amp; Sons’ Circular Fronted Miniature Brougham Howes &amp; Sons’ Circular Fronted Miniature Brougham....

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THE LARGEST STOCK OF CARRIAGES IN THE EASTERN COUNTIES. CARRIAGE, HARNESS, AND SADDLERY WORKS, NORWICH.

THE LARGEST STOCK OF CARRIAGES IN THE EASTERN COUNTIES. CARRIAGE, HARNESS, AND SADDLERY WORKS, NORWICH.

Established 1750. JOLLY AND SON Solicit inspection of their Varied Assortment of NEW and SECOND-HAND CARRIAGES, particularly their Sefton Barouche Landaus and Barouches, Waggonettes, Extra Light American Carriages, Park Phaetons, Alexandra Cars, Gem Miniature Broughams—the lightest ever constructed, Fulcrum-Shaft Dog Carts, Game Carts, Norwich Cars, &amp;c., &amp;c. Miniature Landulet Broughams , with circular fronts, just invented and perfected ( after much trouble and expence ) by Joll

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THE GREATEST NOVELTY OF THE DAY IS THE PICTURE MUSIC BOOK. By T. H. BROWN, A.C.P.

THE GREATEST NOVELTY OF THE DAY IS THE PICTURE MUSIC BOOK. By T. H. BROWN, A.C.P.

This work consists of a Book containing the Rudiments of Music, together with more than 20 Coloured Engravings, 47 Tinted Cards, Ivory Pegs, and a handsome Music Board,—with which can be played several Amusing Games which will ensure a thorough knowledge of the Rudiments of Music. Eminent Musicians have pronounced it to be a Great Boon to Children. Price Five Shillings . W. Howlett &amp; Sons, 2, Market Place, Norwich. Registered under the Copyright Act ....

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T. W. STEVENS, THE WELL-KNOWN CITY TAILOR.

T. W. STEVENS, THE WELL-KNOWN CITY TAILOR.

Near CASTLE HOTEL , CASTLE MEADOW, NORWICH....

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WEBB’S PRACTICAL FARMER’S ACCOUNT BOOK.

WEBB’S PRACTICAL FARMER’S ACCOUNT BOOK.

Foolscap folio, half-bound, 6s.; Post folio, for Large Farms, 7s. 6d. 29th Edition. “THE VERY BEST FARM BOOK WE HAVE EVER SEEN.”— Mark Lane Express . LONDON: JARROLD AND SONS, 12, PATERNOSTER ROW....

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ESTABLISHED 1811.

ESTABLISHED 1811.

BIRD &amp; CO., BREWERS, WINE &amp; SPIRIT MERCHANTS, ST. MILES’ COSLANY , NORWICH ....

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WILLIAM WATTS’

WILLIAM WATTS’

( LATE J. LINCOLN’S ) Pipe, Match, Blacking and Ink Works, SYNAGOGUE STREET, KING STREET, NORWICH....

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BOOKS FOR THE HOUSEHOLD AND FOR PRESENTS.

BOOKS FOR THE HOUSEHOLD AND FOR PRESENTS.

Attractive Volumes , handsomely bound in cloth , with Frontispiece , in Colours by Dickes . AT ONE SHILLING &amp; SIXPENCE EACH. MOTHER’S TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS, and other Tales. For Fathers and Mothers. HOME HAPPINESS, and other Tales. WHEN TO SAY “NO!” and other Tales. For Working Men. THE HAPPY LIFE, and other Tales. For Young Women. HOW TO RISE IN THE WORLD, and other Tales. For Young Men. POPULAR READINGS. STARTING IN LIFE, and other Tales. For Boys and Girls. THE POETRY OF HOME AND S

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EDWARD S. BIGNOLD, Esq.,

EDWARD S. BIGNOLD, Esq.,

SOLICITOR, SURREY STREET, AGENT AT NORWICH FOR THE ROYAL-EXCHANGE ASSURANCE Incorporated A.D. 1720, by Royal Charter . CHIEF OFFICE, IN THE ROYAL EXCHANGE, London . Branch Office, 29, Pall Mall. Octavius Wigram , Esq ., Governor . James Stewart Hodgson , Esq ., Sub-Governor . Charles John Manning , Esq ., Deputy-Governor . DIRECTORS. Henry Bainbridge, Esq. William Tetlow Hibbert, Esq. Robert Barclay, Esq. Wilmot Holland, Esq. John Garratt Cattley, Esq. Nevile Lubbock, Esq. Mark Currie Close, Esq

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PATENT FOUNTAIN PUMP WORKS, NORWICH.

PATENT FOUNTAIN PUMP WORKS, NORWICH.

The best Pumps that are : Dispute it who dare !! Forty years’ PRACTICAL and UNPARALLELED experience has PROVED that SHALDERS’ PUMPS are the most effective, durable, and economical in the world, for all the requirements of civilized life. They yield 98 per cent. of the power applied; no other Pump or Machine returns 50, and seldom more than 30 per cent. UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF THE PRINCE OF WALES ....

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C. LAMB, Tailor, Vestment Maker, Church Furnisher, &c.

C. LAMB, Tailor, Vestment Maker, Church Furnisher, &c.

2, WENSUM STREET , TOMBLAND , ( FROM ELM HILL ) NORWICH. Chasubles, Dalmatics, Copes, Albs, Surplices, Stoles, Hoods, Cassocks, Literate’s Tippets, Birettas, Stocks, Collars, Altar and Pulpit Antependia, Altar Linen, Vases, Candlesticks, Crosses, Altars, Pulpits, Prayer Desks, Altar Rails, and every description of Church Work executed at the shortest notice and at the lowest possible prices....

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IMPORTANT TO AGRICULTURISTS.

IMPORTANT TO AGRICULTURISTS.

THOMAS PARKER, Artificial Manure Manufacturer and Bone Crusher , SAINT STEPHEN’S STREET, NORWICH. Parker’s Mangold Manure £7 0 per Ton Parker’s Turnip ditto 6 10 ,, Mineral Superphosphate 5 WORKS.—THORPE, NEAR NORWICH. Orders received at his Stands at the Corn Halls, Norwich, Bury, Ipswich, Eye, Lynn, Diss, Fakenham, Dereham, Halesworth, Bungay, Beccles, Harleston, or of his Agents....

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ESTABLISHED UPWARDS OF TWO CENTURIES.

ESTABLISHED UPWARDS OF TWO CENTURIES.

JAMES HARDY, FAMILY GROCER, TEA DEALER, FRUITERER, ETC. FRENCH &amp; ITALIAN WAREHOUSE. Oilman, Wax and Tallow Chandler, Nos. 2 &amp; 3, RAMPANT HORSE STREET, NORWICH . British and Foreign Wines . Families waited upon for Orders , or Samples sent if requested . A Daily Delivery of Goods in the Suburbs . Carriage Paid on general Orders ....

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Ladies and the Public are respectfully invited to inspect

Ladies and the Public are respectfully invited to inspect

R. E. GARLAND’S NEW, USEFUL, AND CHEAP SILKS, MANTLES, DRESSES, BONNETS, ETC. , ETC. 17 &amp; 18, LONDON STREET, NORWICH....

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ROBERT S. MASON,

ROBERT S. MASON,

( Successor to Mr. J. W. Crisp ,) WOOLLEN DRAPER, TAILOR, ETC., Castle Meadow , Norwich , NEAR THE CASTLE HOTEL....

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Frederick Taf,

Frederick Taf,

Lithography Artist Ornamental and General Engraver, Designer, Draughtsman, &amp; Printer, 3, Lower Goat Lane, Norwich....

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PROSPECT PLACE WORKS, NORWICH, ENGLAND.

PROSPECT PLACE WORKS, NORWICH, ENGLAND.

HOLMES &amp; SONS, ENGINEERS, MILLWRIGHTS, GENERAL MACHINE AND DRILL MANUFACTURERS, Have received at the ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY’S SHOW at Bury St. Edmund’s, The FIRST PRIZE of £20 For the Best Finishing Thrashing Machine; The PRIZE of £5 (All the amount offered) for Barley Hummeller; SILVER MEDAL for Traction Engine; and The FARMERS’ CUP, value £10 10s., at Fakenham; They have also been awarded by the Royal Agricultural Society , at Worcester; The PRIZE For their Eight-Horse Power Portab

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BOOKS FOR PRESENTS, AND FOR LIBRARIES.

BOOKS FOR PRESENTS, AND FOR LIBRARIES.

Happy Half-Hours with the Bible ; or, Mary Jane and Bertie. By Aunt Emily. Frontispiece, 18mo, cloth. My Teacher’s Gift . For Girls. On Toned Paper, with Frontispiece, 18mo, cloth. Also in Paper Covers, 6d. My Teacher’s Gift . For Boys. On Toned Paper, with Frontispiece, 18mo, cloth. Also in Paper Covers, 6d. Children of Summerbrook : Scenes of Village Life in Simple Verse. By Mrs. Sewell, Author of “Mother’s Last Words.” Frontispiece, 12mo, cloth. Homely Ballads for the Working Man’s

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JARROLD AND SONS’ PUBLICATIONS.

JARROLD AND SONS’ PUBLICATIONS.

Do it with thy Might ; or, Our Work in the World. Addressed to those who ask, “What shall we Do?” Cloth elegant. Sayings about Friendship . By the Author of “Do it with thy Might.” Cloth elegant. Rural Scenes ; a Peep into the Country. New Edition, profusely illustrated, demy 18mo, embossed cloth. Picture Story Book of London ; or, City Scenes. New Edition, profusely illustrated, royal 18mo, embossed cloth. The Earth and its Garment of Water and Air . 12mo, cloth. The Atoms and Electric F

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JARROLD AND SONS’ PUBLICATIONS.

JARROLD AND SONS’ PUBLICATIONS.

The Illustrated Geology . By F. C. Bakewell. Many Illustrations, embossed cloth. What Mean ye by this Service ? or, Old Testament Sacrifices Explained; shewing their Typical Meaning and Fulfilment in Our Lord Jesus Christ. Illustrations, 12mo, cloth. The Heir of Hazlewood ; Or All Things Work together for Good to them that Love God. Coloured frontispiece, cloth, bevelled boards. The Little Gardeners . An Allegory of Christian Life for Young Persons. With Frontispiece. Foolscap 8vo, handso

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JARROLD AND SONS’ PUBLICATIONS.

JARROLD AND SONS’ PUBLICATIONS.

Stories from the Old and New Testaments . By Miss Lawrence. With Twenty whole-page Illustrations. The Little Forester and His Friend . A Ballad of the Olden Time. By Mrs. Sewell. Mother’s Last Words . By Mrs. Sewell. With Fourteen beautiful Illustrations, on wood, by some of the first artists of the day. Handsomely bound in cloth, with gilt edges. Ishmael : a Tale of Syrian Life. By Mrs. J. B. Webb. Author of “Naomi,” &amp;c. With Eight full-page Illustrations. Cloth, elegant. Thy

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HISTORY OF NORWICH. BY A. D. BAYNE.

HISTORY OF NORWICH. BY A. D. BAYNE.

EDITION ON LARGER PAPER, WITH Twenty-one Photographic Views BY BURGESS AND GRIMWOOD . PRICE ONE GUINEA. A very limited number only have been printed ....

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