The English edition of Braun’s “Die Tierischen Parasiten des Menschen,” produced in 1906, being out of print, the publishers decided to issue another edition based on the translation of Braun’s fourth German edition, which appeared in 1908, to which had been added an appendix, by Dr. Otto Seifert on Treatment, etc. When the work was considered with a view to a new edition, it was found that a vast amount of new matter had to be incorporated, numerous alterations essential for bringing it up to d

P. 31, line 6 from bottom: delete “human,” as Leidy really worked with Endamœba blattæ , parasitic in the gut of the cockroach. P. 43, line 12 from bottom: for “John’s” read “Johns.” P. 44, line 13 from bottom: for “ Amœba buccalis , Sternberg,” read “ Amœba buccalis , Steinberg.” P. 46, line 13 from top: for “breath” read “breadth.” P. 53, In footnote 1 , line 6 from bottom: insert “see” before Arch. f. Protistenk . P. 75: To paragraph regarding development of the parasite in the fly’s salivary

By the term PARASITES is understood living organisms which, for the purpose of procuring food, take up their abode, temporarily or permanently, on or within other living organisms. There are both plants and animals (Phytoparasites and Zoöparasites) which lead a parasitic life in or upon other plants and other animals. Phytoparasites are not included in the following descriptions of the forms of parasitism, but a very large number of animal parasites (zoöparasites) are described. The number of th

All those animal organisms which throughout their entire life never rise above the unicellular stage, or merely form simple, loose colonies of similar unicellular animals, are grouped under the term Protozoa (Goldfuss, 1820), as the simplest types of animal life. All the vital functions of these, the lowest forms of animals, are carried out by their body substance, the protoplasm (sarcode). Often particular parts possess special functions, but the limits of a cell are never over-stepped thereby.

Definition : Bilaterally symmetrical animals without limbs, the form of which is leaf or tape-like, rarely cylindrical, and whose primary body cavity (segmentation cavity) is absent, the cavity being filled by a mesenchymatous tissue (parenchyma). The mouth is either situated at the anterior end of the body, or is shifted more or less backwards on to the flat ventral surface. The alimentary canal consists of a short fore-gut, which is frequently provided with a muscular pharynx, and of a simple

Bilaterally symmetrical animals, without limbs and with a body cavity in which the gut or other organs float. They are generally cylindrical. Nemathelminthes with an alimentary canal. Nematodes are as a rule elongated round worms of a filiform or fusiform shape; their length varies according to the species from about 1 mm. to 40 to 80 cm. The outer surface of the body is smooth or annulated, and at certain points provided with papillæ, occasionally also with bristles and alar appendages. The ant

Fig. 348a. —The male of Echinorhynchus au­gu­sta­tus . L. , lemnisci; T. , testicles; P. , prostatic glands; P.r. , sheath of proboscis, with ganglion; R.r. , retractor of sheath of proboscis. 25/1. Gutless, nematode-like worms that carry at their anterior end a retractile rostrum beset with hooks. In their adult condition they only live in vertebrate animals. During their larval stage they are often parasitic in invertebrate animals. The Acanthocephala are elongated cylindrical worms, with a ro

Very long thin worms similar to Filariæ, which, in their adult condition, live free in brooks, pools and springs; the mouth and the commencement of the intestine are obliterated; there are no lateral ridges, and the muscular system presents a structure different to that of the Nematoda . The posterior end of the male is split, and spicules are lacking; there are two testicles. In both sexes the genitalia discharge through the terminal gut. The larvæ, which carry a rostrum beset with hooks, force

Fig. 348d. —The internal organs of the leech. The creature has been opened from the dorsal surface, and part of the intestine has been removed. The testicles, with vas deferens, may be seen between the blind ducts of the intestine; beyond these on either side the segmental organs. The female genital organs are in front of the most anterior pair of testicles. (After Kennel.) The Hirudinea , which have been appropriately included amongst the Annelida, differ in many respects from the typical membe

Bilaterally symmetrical segmented animals which are covered with a thick cuticle that is frequently calcareous ( Crustacea ), but always thinner between the segments; they carry (primitively) a pair of jointed appendages on every segment. 321 The segments of the body are uniform in certain regions, but differ from those of contiguous regions, so that it is easy to distinguish three parts (head, thorax and abdomen), each composed of segments. The cephalic segments are always formed into a uniform

INTRODUCTION. The aim of the present volume is to give an account of the animal parasites of man, the number of which is very large. The Protozoa that infest man are very important, and the literature relating to them and to the treatment of the diseases that they produce is very extensive. All that can be done in this Appendix is to give a very brief outline of some of the more recent and approved methods of treatment, for further details of which the reader should refer to standard medical wor

Fasciola hepatica. The symptoms of disease evoked by Fasciola hepatica are rarely observed in our part of the world, whereas Kermogant 460 states them to be of frequent occurrence in Tonkin 461 ; the parasites are there called “Douves.” In our experience they are only accidentally found post mortem in a certain number of cases, as no changes are manifested during life which would permit of any conclusion being drawn as to the presence of these parasites. In three cases (Bierner, 462 Bostroem 463

The only one of the leeches that comes under consideration from the clinical point of view is Limnatis nilotica ( Hæmopsis sanguisuga ), which obtains access to the mouth with drinking water, and becomes lodged, even in the case of man, in the pharynx, larynx, trachea, œsophagus and nose. Amongst the causes of severe hæmorrhage from the pharynx Jurasz 982 mentions the occurrence of leeches in that region: in Northern Europe this must be accounted one of the greatest of rarities, whilst at all ti

Leptus autumnalis (Grass, Harvest, or Gooseberry Mite 1015 ). In the hot season of the year, that is, during the months of July and August, it is noticed that those people who stray amongst syringa bushes or who pick gooseberries or kidney beans are attacked by the Leptus autumnalis . On the uncovered parts of the body there appear numerous red spots and papules, which itch and burn smartly. The itching does not commence diffusely, as in the case of scabies (MacLennars 1016 ), but is limited to

Pediculus capitis (Pediculus capitis) (Head Louse). We find Pediculus capitis in very young children and in others more grown up to be the incessant and frequent cause of impetiginous crust-forming eczemas. It is more frequent in girls than in boys. In families it is endemic, in schools epidemic, but it also occurs in fair frequency in female adults (servant maids, waitresses) who may pay little attention to bodily cleanliness. The puncture of the parasites sets up a severe irritation, which lea

Comprising Notes on Recent Researches, Formulæ of some Culture Media, and Brief Notes on General Protozoological Technique. BY H. B. FANTHAM, M.A., D.Sc. Since the foregoing section on Protozoology was sent to press, certain interesting observations and results have been published. Brief notes on such, and some references thereto, are now added. It is necessary, however, to remark that sometimes it is impossible to give a precise or rigid definition to a genus of Protozoa, owing to differences o

BY J. W. W. STEPHENS, M.D., B.C., D.P.H. Artyfechinostomum sufrartyfex , Clayton Lane, 1915.—Leiper thinks this may be the same as Echinostoma malayanum , Leiper, 1911, which species Odhner assigns to the genus Euparyphium. Metagonimus ( Yokogawa ) yokogawai occurs in dogs in Shanghai. Encysted cercariæ probably in the perch. Opisthorchis sp. —Skin covered with spines. Gut forks almost reach end of body. Œsophagus two to three times length of pharynx. Ovary multilobed. Ovary and testes in poster

1 According to Sambon, the Ricinidæ are by no means advantageous to their hosts. These Hemipterous parasites give rise to an intolerable itching which may cause loss of rest, emaciation, and sometimes even death. Birds suffering from phthiriasis of the Ricines are usually in bad health. 2 For further information on these conditions, see “Die Schmarotzer des Thierreichs,” by P. J. van Beneden, Leipzig, 1876; and “Die Symbiose,” by O. Hertwig. 3 Oerley, L., “Der Rhabditiden und ihre medizinische B