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CASSELL'S BOOK OF BIRDS.
CASSELL'S BOOK OF BIRDS.
FROM THE TEXT OF DR. BREHM. BY THOMAS RYMER JONES, F.R.S., PROFESSOR OF NATURAL HISTORY AND COMPARATIVE ANATOMY IN KING'S COLLEGE, LONDON. WITH UPWARDS OF Four Hundred Engravings, and a Series of Coloured Plates. IN FOUR VOLUMES. VOL. III. LONDON: CASSELL, PETTER, AND GALPIN; AND NEW YORK IN FOUR VOLUMES. VOL. III. LONDON: CASSELL, PETTER, AND GALPIN; AND NEW YORK ——♦——...
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CASSELL'S BOOK OF BIRDS.
CASSELL'S BOOK OF BIRDS.
FROM THE TEXT OF DR. BREHM. BY THOMAS RYMER JONES, F.R.S., PROFESSOR OF NATURAL HISTORY AND COMPARATIVE ANATOMY IN KING'S COLLEGE, LONDON. WITH UPWARDS OF Four Hundred Engravings, and a Series of Coloured Plates. IN FOUR VOLUMES. VOL. I. LONDON: CASSELL, PETTER, AND GALPIN; AND NEW YORK. LONDON: CASSELL, PETTER, AND GALPIN; AND NEW YORK....
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CASSELL'S BOOK OF BIRDS. FROM THE TEXT OF DR. BREHM.
CASSELL'S BOOK OF BIRDS. FROM THE TEXT OF DR. BREHM.
BY THOMAS RYMER JONES, F.R.S., PROFESSOR OF NATURAL HISTORY AND COMPARATIVE ANATOMY IN KING'S COLLEGE, LONDON. WITH UPWARDS OF Four Hundred Engravings, and a Series of Coloured Plates. IN FOUR VOLUMES. VOL. IV. CASSELL, PETTER, & GALPIN, LONDON, PARIS, AND NEW YORK. —♦— PAGE HE B USTARDS ( Otides ):—The Great Bustard—The Little Bustard—The Houbaras—The Indian Houbara—The African Ruffled Bustard—The Florikin 1 - 9 T HE C OURSERS ( Tachydromi ):—The Cream-coloured Courser—The Trochilus, or
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CASSELL'S BOOK OF BIRDS.
CASSELL'S BOOK OF BIRDS.
FROM THE TEXT OF DR. BREHM. BY THOMAS RYMER JONES, F.R.S., PROFESSOR OF NATURAL HISTORY AND COMPARATIVE ANATOMY IN KING'S COLLEGE, LONDON. WITH UPWARDS OF Four Hundred Engravings, and a Series of Coloured Plates. IN FOUR VOLUMES. VOL. II. LONDON: CASSELL, PETTER, AND GALPIN; AND NEW YORK....
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THE SEARCHERS (Investigatores).
THE SEARCHERS (Investigatores).
T HE T REE C LIMBERS ( Anabata ). The B UNDLE-NESTS ( Phacellodomus ):—The Red-fronted Bundle-nest, or Climbing Thrush. The O VEN B IRDS ( Furnarius ):—The Red Oven Bird. The G ROUND W OODPECKERS ( Geositta ):—The Burrowing Ground Woodpecker. The S TAIR-BEAKS ( Xenops );—The Hairy-cheeked Stair-beak. T HE N UTHATCHES ( Sitta )—The Common Nuthatch—The Syrian Nuthatch. The C REEPERS ( Sittella ):—The Bonneted Creeper. The W ALL C REEPERS ( Tichodroma ):—The Alpine or Red-winged Wall Creeper. The T
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THE STILT-WALKERS (Grallatores).
THE STILT-WALKERS (Grallatores).
T HE T HICK - KNEES ( Œdicnemi ):—The Common Thick-knee, or Stone Curlew 14 , 15 T HE P LOVERS ( Charadrii ):—The Golden Plover—The Ringed Plover—The Dotted Plovers—The Dotted Plover, or Dotterel—The Shore Plovers—The Little Shore Plover, or Little Ringed Plover—The Lapwings, or Peewits—The Peewit, or Lapwing—The Spur-winged Lapwing—The Lappeted Peewit—The Turnstone—The Pied Oyster-catcher, or Sea Pie 15 - 29 T HE S NIPES ( Limicolæ ):—The True Snipes—The Woodcock—The Marsh Snipes—The Common Sni
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CATCHERS (Captantes).—Continued.
CATCHERS (Captantes).—Continued.
PAGE T HE H AWKS ( Accipiter ):—The Laughing Hawk—The Double-toothed Hawk—The Sparrow Hawk—The True Hawk, or Gos Hawk. The S INGING H AWKS ( Melierax ):—The True Singing Hawk—The Serpent Hawk 1-7...
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EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION.
EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION.
W e were some time ago both delighted and astonished by the performances of a German artist, who imitated with wonderful exactness the notes of a variety of birds. The song of the nightingale and the warblings of the skylark, the whistling of the throstle and the out-poured melody of the canary, were gone through with such perfect execution, that the birds themselves, we thought, could scarcely have detected a flaw in the performance. This gifted individual introduced himself to his audience by
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CLASSIFICATION OF BIRDS.
CLASSIFICATION OF BIRDS.
Those who are familiar with modern works on ornithology will have observed that it is usual to commence the history of the feathered tribes by a description of the vultures—the most disagreeable and least intelligent of the race. Some writers, however, consider the singing birds as entitled to the first place, the remaining members of the heterogeneous multitude being arranged according to the pleasure of individual naturalists more or less acquainted with their subject. For our own part, we rec
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THE SWIMMERS (Natatores).
THE SWIMMERS (Natatores).
T HE S IEVE B EAKS ( Lamellirostres ). The F LAMINGOES ( Phœnicopteri ). The S WANS ( Cygni ):—The Mute Swan—The Whistling Swan—Bewick's Swan—The Black-necked Swan—The Black Swan 114 - 129 T HE G EESE ( Anseres ):—The Spur-winged Goose—The Grey, or Wild Goose—The Canada Goose—The Snow Goose. The S EA G EESE ( Bernicla ):—The Brent Goose. The F OXY G EESE ( Chenalopex ):—The Nile Goose. The D WARF G EESE ( Nettapus ):—The White-bodied Goose Teal—The Cereopsis Goose 129 - 143 T HE D UCKS ( Anates
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GALLINACEOUS BIRDS (Gallinæ).
GALLINACEOUS BIRDS (Gallinæ).
P IGEONS ( Gyratores ). The F RUIT P IGEONS ( Trerones ):—The Parrot Pigeon. The D OVES ( Columbæ ):—The Ring-dove, Wood Pigeon, or Cushat—The Stock Dove—The Rock Dove. The C UCKOO P IGEONS ( Macropygiæ ):—The Passenger Pigeon, or Carolina Turtle-dove. The T URTLE-DOVES ( Turtures ):—The Turtle-dove. The I NDIAN R ING-DOVES ( Streptopeleia ):—The Indian Ring-dove—The Dwarf Pigeon. The G ROUND P IGEONS . The A MERICAN G ROUND P IGEONS ( Zenaidæ ). The S INGING D OVES ( Melopeleia ):—The Kukuli. T
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RAPTORIAL BIRDS.
RAPTORIAL BIRDS.
T HE E AGLES ( Aquila ):—The Tawny Eagle—The Golden Eagle—The Imperial Eagle—The Spotted Eagle. The D WARF E AGLES ( Hieraëtos ):—The Booted Eagle—The Dwarf Eagle. The W EDGE-TAILED E AGLES ( Uroaëtos ):—The Bold Wedge-tailed Eagle. The H AWK E AGLES ( Pseudaëtos , Eudolmaëtos , or Asturaëtos ):—Bonelli's Hawk Eagle. The H OODED E AGLES ( Spizaëtos ):—The Martial Hooded Eagle—The Tufted Eagle. The D ESTROYING E AGLES ( Pternura ):—The Urutaurana. The B RAZILIAN E AGLES ( Morphnus ):—The Crested
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THE GAPERS (Hiantes).
THE GAPERS (Hiantes).
T HE S WALLOWS ( Hirundo ). The T RUE S WALLOWS ( Cecropis ):—The Chimney Swallow—The Senegal Swallow—The Thread-tailed Swallow—the Martin or Roof Swallow 104-111 T HE M OUNTAIN or S HORE S WALLOWS ( Cotyle ):—The Rock Swallow—The Sand Martin—The Ariel Swallow. The W OOD S WALLOWS ( Atticora ):—The Striped Wood Swallow. The S AILOR S WALLOWS ( Progne ):—The Purple Swallow 111-115 T HE S WIFTS ( Cypselus ). The T REE S WIFTS ( Dendrochelidon ):—The Klecho. The S ALANGANES ( Collocalia ):—The Sala
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PASSERINE BIRDS (Passeres).
PASSERINE BIRDS (Passeres).
The Passerine order we understand to include the Finches and their nearest relations, as also the Sparrows, and other families of similar structure. These birds have been usually grouped together under the name of Conirostres , but as the adoption of this term would oblige us to include the Ravens ( Coracirostres ), we shall avoid it, considering that the many peculiarities of the latter entitle them to be regarded as forming an order by themselves. The Passeres , according to our definition, ar
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SHORT-WINGED CURSORIAL BIRDS (Brevipennes).
SHORT-WINGED CURSORIAL BIRDS (Brevipennes).
T HE O STRICH ( Struthio camelus ). The N ANDUS ( Rhea ):—The Nandu, or American Ostrich—The Long-billed Nandu—The Dwarf Nandu 287 – 299 T HE E MUS ( Dromæus ):—The Emu—The Spotted Emu 300 – 302 T HE C ASSOWARIES ( Casuarii ):—The Helmeted Cassowary—The Mooruk—The Australian Cassowary. The K IVIS ( Apteryges ):—The Kivi-Kivi—Mantell's Apteryx—Owen's Apteryx 302 – 312 ——♦——...
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THE SEA-FLIERS (Longipennes).
THE SEA-FLIERS (Longipennes).
T HE T ERNS , or S EA S WALLOWS ( Sternæ ). The R APACIOUS T ERNS ( Sylochelidon ):—The Caspian Tern. The R IVER T ERNS ( Sterna ):—The Common Tern—The Lesser Tern. The W ATER S WALLOWS ( Hydrochelidon ):—The Black Marsh Tern—The White-winged Tern—The White bearded Tern—The White or Silky Tern—The Noddy 175 - 185 T HE S CISSOR - BILLS ( Rhynchopes ):—The Indian Scissor-bill 185 , 186 T HE G ULLS ( Lari ):—The Fishing Gulls—The Great Black-backed Gulls—The Lesser Black-backed or Yellow-legged Gul
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THE SEARCHERS (Investigatores).
THE SEARCHERS (Investigatores).
The families which, according to natural arrangement, seem to constitute a third division of the great class of birds are principally characterised by the conditions under which they procure their food, viz., by searching for it in situations where it can only be obtained by diligent investigation or laborious exertion. Their diet is usually of a very mixed description, consisting partly of insects and partly of materials derived from the vegetable creation. Many of them were at one time conside
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THE OAR-FOOTED SEA-FLIERS (Steganopodes).
THE OAR-FOOTED SEA-FLIERS (Steganopodes).
T HE T ROPIC B IRDS ( Phaëton ):—The White-tailed Tropic Bird. The Red-tailed Tropic Bird. The G ANNETS ( Sula ):—The Common Gannet—The Frigate Bird 219 - 227 T HE C ORMORANTS ( Haliei ). The D ARTERS , or S NAKE - NECKS ( Plotus ):—The Anhinga—Le Vaillant's Snake Bird—The Common Cormorant 227 - 235 T HE P ELICANS ( Pelecani ):—The White Pelican—The Great Tufted or Dalmatian Pelican 235 - 239...
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THE SINGING BIRDS (Oscines).
THE SINGING BIRDS (Oscines).
T HE T OOTH-BEAKED S INGING B IRDS ( Dentirostres ). The S HRIKES ( Lanius ):—The Sentinel Butcher Bird, or Great Grey Shrike—The Southern Shrike—The Grey, or Black-browed Shrike. The B UTCHER B IRDS P ROPER ( Enneoctonus ):—The Red-backed Shrike, or True Butcher Bird—The Red-headed Shrike, or Wood Chat—The Masked Shrike. The T HICK-HEADED S HRIKES ( Pachycephalus ):—The Falcon Shrike. The B USH S HRIKES ( Malaconotus ). The F LUTE-VOICED S HRIKES ( Laniarius ):—The Scarlet Shrike—The Flute Shri
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RAVENS (Coracirostres).
RAVENS (Coracirostres).
We are now about to introduce our readers to a race of Birds, so nearly related to the Passeres , that many naturalists have regarded them as constituting a subdivision of that order. We, on the contrary, following our intention of rendering our classification as simple as possible, have thought it best to assign them an entirely separate place, principally in consideration of the unmistakable peculiarity of their plumage. The order CORACIROSTRES, according to this view, comprises a large number
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GALLINACEOUS BIRDS (Gallinæ).
GALLINACEOUS BIRDS (Gallinæ).
We have now arrived at an important division of the feathered tribes, all the members of which are more or less terrestrial. They generally procure their food from the surface of the ground, upon which they run or walk with facility, and many of them scratch up the earth in search of such nutritive materials as serve for their subsistence. They have, therefore, in conformity with such a mode of life, a short or moderately long beak, which is usually vaulted above. Their body is heavy, and their
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THE DIVERS (Urinatores).
THE DIVERS (Urinatores).
T HE G REBES ( Podicipites ):—The Crested Grebe—The Little Grebe. The D IVERS ( Colymbi ):—The Great Northern Diver—The Black-throated Diver—The Red-throated Diver. The L OONS ( Uriæ ): The Greenland Dove, or Black Guillemot. The T RUE G UILLEMOTS ( Uria ): The Common or Foolish Guillemot—The Little Auk or Guillemot 240 - 255 T HE S TARIKIS ( Phaleres ):—The Stariki. The A UKS ( Alcæ ):—The Razor-bill—The Great Auk—The Coulterneb, or Arctic Puffin 255 - 264 T HE P ENGUINS ( Aptenodytes ):—The Ki
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CATCHERS (Captantes).
CATCHERS (Captantes).
Under this head we class not only those members of the feathered race to which has been assigned, par excellence , the name of Birds of Prey , but include with them such families of Swallows and song birds as obtain the principal part of their food by the destruction of animal life. We are fully aware of the difficulties presented by this attempt at a simple and natural classification, which, like many similar efforts, must necessarily be very imperfect, and open to grave objection; but we have
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CASSELL'S BOOK OF BIRDS.
CASSELL'S BOOK OF BIRDS.
—♦— THE HAWKS. T HE H AWKS ( Accipitres ) are a group of birds that rival the Falcons in rapacity, but are entirely without those qualities popularly supposed to lend a certain nobility to the murderous propensities of their more favoured relatives. The H AWKS are recognisable by their compact body, long neck, and small head, their short rounded wings, very long tail, and high tarsi; the toes vary considerably in size. The beak is less vaulted and more compressed at its sides than in the Falcons
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COLOURED PLATES.
COLOURED PLATES.
P LATE XXXI. —P AINTED S PUR F OWL ( Galloperdix lunulosa ). " XXXII. —T HE H OUBARA ( Otis Macquenii ). " XXXIII. —T HE L APWING ( Vanellus cristatus ). " XXXIV. —S QUACCO H ERON ( Buphus Comata ). " XXXV. —C HINESE J ACANA ( Hydrophasianus Sinensis ). " XXXVI. —R UDDY S HELDRAKE ( Casarca rutila ). " XXXVII. —M ANDARIN D UCK ( Aix galericulata ). " XXXVIII. —T ERN ( Sterna Hirundo ). " XXXIX. —G REAT N ORTHERN D IVER ( Colymbus glacialis ). " XL. —P UFFIN ( Fratercula Arctica
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THE OWLS.
THE OWLS.
T HE O WLS ( Striginæ ) constitute the last division of the extensive order RAPTORES to which we have to call the attention of our readers. These remarkable birds possess an apparently heavy, but, in reality, slender and by no means muscular body, and a large, broad, thickly-plumaged head. Their short, very decidedly arched beak terminates in a hook, and is partially covered by a cere, which is so thickly clothed with stiff bristle-like feathers as to be entirely concealed. The large eyes, which
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SHORT-WINGED CURSORIAL BIRDS (Brevipennes).
SHORT-WINGED CURSORIAL BIRDS (Brevipennes).
This order comprises a number of remarkable birds, conspicuous among which are the O STRICHES , with wings so strangely disproportionate to the size of their bodies as to have given rise to many strange fables amongst the Eastern nations concerning their origin. In North-eastern Asia the legend runs that these huge birds, inflated with pride at their superior size and strength, looked down upon their feathered companions with contempt, and, desirous of exhibiting their powers of flight, upon one
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THE SINGING BIRDS (Oscines).
THE SINGING BIRDS (Oscines).
Under this name we class numerous families, all of which are more or less distinguished for the perfection of their vocal apparatus. In appearance the members of this order are for the most part pleasing and elegant, and their disposition usually attractive and engaging. Their body is long, the neck short, and their head comparatively large; the beak, though differing much as to its formation, is almost invariably small, straight, or only very slightly curved, and the upper mandible is generally
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SELECTIONS FROM CASSELL PETTER & GALPIN'S PUBLICATIONS.
SELECTIONS FROM CASSELL PETTER & GALPIN'S PUBLICATIONS.
ILLUSTRATED AND FINE ART WORKS. Principles of Ornamental Art. By F. E. H ULME , F.L.S., F.S.A., Art Master in Marlborough College, Author of "Freehand Ornament," &c. With 32 Plates. Royal 4to, cloth, 25s. Sketching from Nature in Water-Colours. By A ARON P ENLEY , Author of "The English School of Painting in Water-Colours," &c. With Illustrations in Chromo-Lithography, after Original Water-Colour Drawings. Super-royal 4to, cloth, price 15s. Homely Scenes from Great Painters , con
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THE STILT-WALKERS (Grallatores).
THE STILT-WALKERS (Grallatores).
T HE birds belonging to this order have unusually long legs, formed in such a manner as to enable many of them to seek their food at a certain distance in the water; and are further characterised by their long thin neck, slender high tarsi, bare thighs, three or four toed feet, and fully-developed wings; but the construction of the bill, wings, and tail, and the coloration of the plumage is so various, as to render a general description almost impossible. The Grallatores are met with in every po
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SELECTIONS FROM CASSELL PETTER & GALPIN'S PUBLICATIONS.
SELECTIONS FROM CASSELL PETTER & GALPIN'S PUBLICATIONS.
The National Portrait Gallery. Vols. I. and II., each containing Twenty Portraits, in Colours , of our most distinguished Celebrities, printed in the highest style of Chromo-Lithography, with accompanying Memoirs, compiled from authentic sources. Extra crown 4to, cloth, 12s. 6d. each. Art Studies of Home Life. With Twenty-four full-page Copies, printed by the Woodbury Process, of Famous Pictures by C OLLINS , L ESLIE , L ANDSEER , M ULREADY , M ACLISE , S IR J OSHUA R EYNOLDS , W EBSTER , &a
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THE SWIMMERS (Natatores).
THE SWIMMERS (Natatores).
B UT little difference of opinion exists among naturalists as to the limits of our last order; indeed, a swimming bird is at once recognisable by characters so sharply defined that there is scarcely room for doubt or hesitation. The grand character whereby they are all distinguishable is to be found in the structure of their feet, the toes of which are more or less completely united to each other by a broad web by which they are converted into paddles, admirably adapted to propel them through th
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THE SEA-FLIERS (Longipennes).
THE SEA-FLIERS (Longipennes).
I N the broad-billed water birds, we have had an opportunity of admiring the manner in which their power of swimming becomes more and more complete. In the Sea-fliers we shall recognise the tyrants of the ocean, seeing that in their presence the swimming birds, whether inhabitants of the coast or children of the wave are subservient. The great character whereby the Longipennes are distinguished is the enormous development of their wings, while that of their feet remains comparatively in abeyance
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THE OAR-FOOTED SEA-FLIERS (Steganopodes).
THE OAR-FOOTED SEA-FLIERS (Steganopodes).
T HE members of this order present but a very distant resemblance to the swimming birds described in the preceding pages, from which they differ not only in the construction of their feet, but in their general appearance and peculiar habits. The birds belonging to this division are characterised by having their body considerably elongated, their neck of moderate length, the head small, and the wings long and rounded or very long and pointed. The tail is variously constructed, but always peculiar
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THE DIVERS (Urinatores).
THE DIVERS (Urinatores).
T HE birds belonging to this extensive order are all aquatic, and almost exclusively subsist on fishes, which they capture by diving. In conformity with this mode of life, they all present a general type of structure which is unmistakable. Their bodies are powerfully built, almost cylindrical in shape, and their legs placed far backwards. Their wings are short, feeble, and pointed, but little adapted to flight, and in many cases almost resembling fins, while their dense smooth plumage, which is
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ORDER I. CRACKERS (ENUCLEATORES).
ORDER I. CRACKERS (ENUCLEATORES).
THE PARROTS (PSITTACINI). FAMILY I. —T HE T RUE P ARROTS (P SITTACINÆ ), i., 34. FAMILY II. —T HE C OCKATOOS (P LYCTOLOPHI ), i., 45. FAMILY III. —T HE N IGHT P ARROTS (S TRIGOPES ), i., 55. Sub Family 1.—The Night Parrots (Strigops), i., 55; the Kakapo (S. habroptilus), i., 55. FAMILY IV. —T HE A RARAS (A RÆ ), i., 58. FAMILY V. —T HE P ARRAKEETS (P ALÆORNITHES ), i., 66. FAMILY VI. —T HE L ORIES (L ORII ), i., 79. PASSERINE BIRDS (PASSERES). FAMILY I. —T HE C ROSS - BILLS (L OXIÆ ), i., 85. FA
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ORDER II. THE CATCHERS (CAPTANTES).
ORDER II. THE CATCHERS (CAPTANTES).
BIRDS OF PREY (RAPTORES). FAMILY I. —T HE F ALCONS (F ALCONES ), i., 293. FAMILY II. —T HE H AWKS (A CCIPITRES ), ii., 1. FAMILY III. —T HE E AGLES (A QUILÆ ), ii., 8. FAMILY IV. —T HE K ITES (M ILVI ), ii., 31. FAMILY V. —T HE B UZZARDS (B UTEONES ), ii., 47. FAMILY VI. —T HE V ULTURE F ALCONS (P OLYBORI ), ii., 56. FAMILY VII. —T HE C RANE V ULTURES (G YPOGERANI ), ii., 62. Sub-Family 1.—The Secretary or Crane Vulture (Gypogeranus serpentarius), ii., 62. FAMILY VIII. —T HE V ULTURE E AGLES (G
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SUB-ORDER VII. THE CLIMBERS (SCANSORES).
SUB-ORDER VII. THE CLIMBERS (SCANSORES).
FAMILY I. —T HE F LOWER B IRDS (C ERTHIOLÆ ), iii., 2. FAMILY II. —T HE H ONEYSUCKERS (N ECTARINIÆ ), iii., 5. FAMILY III. —T HE S PIDER - EATERS (A RACHNOTHERÆ ), iii., 7. FAMILY IV. —T HE H ONEY - EATERS (M ELIPHAGÆ ), iii., 9. FAMILY V. —T HE H OOPOES (U PUPÆ ), iii., 14. FAMILY VI. —T HE T REE - CLIMBERS (A NABATÆ ), iii., 15. Sub-Family 1.—The Bundle-nests (Phacellodomus), iii., 16; the Red-fronted Bundle-nest (P. rufifrons), iii., 17. FAMILY VII. —T HE O VEN B IRDS (F URNARII ), iii., 18.
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SUB-ORDER VIII. HUMMING BIRDS (STRIDORES).
SUB-ORDER VIII. HUMMING BIRDS (STRIDORES).
FAMILY I. —T HE G IANT G NOMES (E USTEPHANI ), iii., 47. FAMILY II. —T HE G NOMES (P OLYTMI ), iii., 50. FAMILY III. —T HE S UN B IRDS (P HAËTORNITHES ), iii., 51. Sub-Family 1.—The Hermits (Phaëtornis), iii., 51; the Cayenne Hermit (P. superciliosus), iii., 51. FAMILY IV. —T HE M OUNTAIN N YMPHS (O REOTROCHILI ), iii., 52. FAMILY V. —T HE J EWEL H UMMING B IRDS (H YPOPHANIÆ ), iii., 55. FAMILY VI. —T HE W OOD - NYMPHS (L AMPORNITHES ), iii., 58. FAMILY VII. —T HE F LOWER - NYMPHS (F LORISUGA ),
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SUB-ORDER IX. THE LIGHT-BEAKS (LEVIROSTRES).
SUB-ORDER IX. THE LIGHT-BEAKS (LEVIROSTRES).
FAMILY I. —T HE B EE - EATERS (M EROPES ), iii., 75. FAMILY II. —T HE R OLLERS (C ORACII ), iii., 79. FAMILY III. —T HE S AW - BILL R OLLERS (P RIONITES ), iii., 83. Sub-Family 1.—The Mot-mots (Prionites), iii., 83; the Mot-mot (P. momota), iii., 83. FAMILY IV. —T HE B ROAD - THROATS (E URYLAIMI ), iii., 84. FAMILY V. —T HE F LAT - BILLS (T ODI ), iii., 86. Sub-Family 1.—The Flat-bills (Todus), iii., 86; the Green Tody (T. viridis), iii., 86. FAMILY VI. —T HE K INGFISHERS (A LCEDINES ), iii., 87
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SUB-ORDER X. PIGEONS (GYRATORES).
SUB-ORDER X. PIGEONS (GYRATORES).
FAMILY I. —T HE F RUIT P IGEONS (T RERONES ), iii., 142. Sub-Family 1.—The Parrot Pigeons (Phalacroteron), iii., 142; the Parrot Pigeon (P. Abyssinica), iii., 142. FAMILY II. —T HE D OVES (C OLUMBÆ ), iii., 143. FAMILY III. —T HE C UCKOO P IGEONS (M ACROPYGIÆ ), iii., 148. Sub-Family 1.—The Passenger Pigeons (Ectopistes), iii., 148; the Passenger Pigeon (E. migratorius), iii., 148. FAMILY IV. —T HE T URTLE D OVES (T URTURES ), iii., 154. FAMILY V. —T HE A MERICAN G ROUND P IGEONS (Z ENAIDÆ ), ii
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SUB-ORDER XI. THE TRUE GALLINACEOUS BIRDS (RASORES).
SUB-ORDER XI. THE TRUE GALLINACEOUS BIRDS (RASORES).
FAMILY I. —T HE S AND G ROUSE (P TEROCLÆ ), iii., 173. FAMILY II. —T HE G ROUSE (T ETRAONES ), iii., 179. FAMILY III. —T HE P ARTRIDGES (P ERDICES ), iii., 202. FAMILY IV. —T HE A MERICAN P ARTRIDGES (O DONTOPHORI ), iii., 214. FAMILY V. —T HE Q UAILS (C OTURNICES ), iii. 222. FAMILY VI. —T HE B USH Q UAILS (T URNICES ), iii., 225. FAMILY VII. —T HE T UFTED P HEASANTS (P HASIANIDÆ ), iii., 228. FAMILY VIII. —T HE J UNGLE F OWLS (G ALLI ), iii., 235. Sub-Family 1.—The Jungle Fowls (Gallus), iii.,
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ORDER V. THE SWIMMERS (NATATORES).
ORDER V. THE SWIMMERS (NATATORES).
THE SIEVE-BEAKS (LAMELLIROSTRES). FAMILY I. —T HE F LAMINGOES (P HŒNICOPTERI ), iv., 115. Sub-Family 1.—The Flamingoes (Phœnicopterus), iv., 115; the Flamingo (P. roseus), iv., 115. FAMILY II. —T HE S WANS (C YGNI ), iv., 119. FAMILY III. —T HE G EESE (A NSERES ), iv., 129. FAMILY IV. —T HE D UCKS (A NATES ), iv., 143. FAMILY V. —T HE D IVING D UCKS (F ULIGULÆ ), iv., 158. FAMILY VI. —T HE G OOSANDERS (M ERGI ), iv., 170. THE SEA-FLIERS (LONGIPENNES). FAMILY I. —T HE T ERNS (S TERNÆ ), iv., 176.
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ORDER II. PASSERES.
ORDER II. PASSERES.
GAPERS (FISSIROSTRES). SUB-TRIBE I. —N OCTURNAL F ISSIROSTRES (F ISSIROSTRES N OCTURNI ). FAMILY I. —T HE G OATSUCKERS (C APRIMULGIDÆ ). SUB-TRIBE II. —D IURNAL F ISSIROSTRES (F ISSIROSTRES D IURNI ). FAMILY II. —T HE S WALLOWS (H IRUNDINIDÆ ). FAMILY III. —T HE R OLLERS (C ORACIADÆ ). FAMILY IV. —T HE T ROGONS (T ROGONIDÆ ). FAMILY V. —T HE K INGFISHERS (A LCEDINIDÆ ). FAMILY VI. —T HE B EE E ATERS (M EROPIDÆ ). Sub-Family 1.—The Bee Eaters (Meropinæ). SLENDER-BILLS (TENUIROSTRES). FAMILY I. —T
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ORDER III.
ORDER III.
FAMILY I. —T HE T OUCANS (R AMPHASTIDÆ ). Sub-Family 1.—The Toucans (Ramphastinæ). FAMILY II. —T HE P ARROTS (P SITTACIDÆ ). FAMILY III. —T HE W OODPECKERS (P ICIDÆ ). FAMILY IV. —T HE C UCKOOS (C UCULIDÆ )....
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ORDER V.
ORDER V.
FAMILY I. —T HE C URASSOWS (C RACIDÆ ). FAMILY II. —T HE M EGAPODES (M EGAPODIDÆ ). FAMILY III. —T HE P HEASANTS (P HASIANIDÆ ). FAMILY IV. —T HE G ROUSE (T ETRAONIDÆ ). FAMILY V. —T HE S HEATHBILLS (C HIONIDÆ ). Sub-Family 1.—The Shore Larks (Thinocorinæ). " 2.—The Sheathbills Proper (Chionidinæ). FAMILY VI. —T HE T INAMOUS (T INAMIDÆ ). Sub-Family 1.—The Tinamous (Tinaminæ)....
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ORDER VIII.
ORDER VIII.
FAMILY I. —T HE D UCKS (A NATIDÆ ). FAMILY II. —T HE D IVERS (C OLYMBIDÆ ). FAMILY III. —T HE A UKS (A LCIDÆ ). FAMILY IV. —T HE P ETRELS (P ROCELLARIDÆ ). FAMILY V. —T HE G ULLS (L ARIDÆ ). FAMILY VI. —T HE P ELICANS (P ELICANIDÆ ). ILLUSTRATED AND FINE ART WORKS. Picturesque Europe. The British Isles. Vol. 1. Containing Twelve exquisite Steel Plates from original drawings by B IRKET F OSTER , E. M. W IMPERIS , P. S KELTON , D. M C K EWAN , W. L EITCH , H. F ENN , S. R EAD , J. M OGFORD , and J
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