The I. W. W.: A Study Of American Syndicalism - free ebook by Paul F. (Paul Frederick) Brissenden

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The I. W. W.: A Study Of American Syndicalism

Paul F. (Paul Frederick) Brissenden

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THE I. W. W. A Study of American Syndicalism

THE I. W. W. A Study of American Syndicalism

BY PAUL FREDERICK BRISSENDEN, Ph.D. Sometime Assistant in Economics at the University of California and University Fellow at Columbia Special Agent of the United States Department of Labor SECOND EDITION New York COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LONGMANS, GREEN &amp; CO., AGENTS London: P. S. King &amp; Son, Ltd. 1920 Copyright, 1920 BY PAUL FREDERICK BRISSENDEN TO R. O. L. B. [Pg 4] [Pg 5]...

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PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION

No very extensive changes are made in the new edition. The chart of early radical labor organizations, which appeared in the first edition as Appendix I, has been omitted in this edition. There is reproduced in its place a copy of the original industrial organization chart prepared by "Father" T. J. Hagerty at the time of the launching of the I. W. W. in 1905 and sometimes referred to as "Father Hagerty's Wheel of Fortune". This chart is believed to be of some importance as illustrating the earl

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PART I BEGINNINGS

PART I BEGINNINGS

[Pg 26] [Pg 27] The revolutionary doctrines of the I. W. W. are spoken of today as constituting the "new unionism" or the "new socialism". It cannot be too strongly emphasized, however, that neither I. W. W.-ism nor the closely related but materially different French syndicalism are brand-new codes which the irreconcilables, here and in France, have invented out of hand within the last quarter of a century. Industrial unionism, as a structural type simply, and even revolutionary industrial union

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PART II THE "ORIGINAL" I. W. W.

PART II THE "ORIGINAL" I. W. W.

[Pg 112] [Pg 113] The adjournment of the organizing convention in July, 1905, left the body it had created in a very chaotic condition. The time and attention of the delegates was so exclusively taken up with the problem of building up "one big union" out of many little unions and the task of working out a harmony platform of law and policy on which all could come together, that the matter of business management was almost entirely neglected. Indeed some of the circumstances surrounding the I. W

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PART III THE DIRECT-ACTIONISTS

PART III THE DIRECT-ACTIONISTS

[Pg 258] [Pg 259] The existence between 1908 and 1915 of two national labor organizations bearing the name, Industrial Workers of the World (or "I. W. W."), with labels of identical design—bodies closely paralleling each other in scope and structure despite their disparity in doctrine and tactics—makes it very difficult to discuss either group, or I. W. W.-ism in general, without ambiguity. The I. W. W. which has been most advertised in the United States is the Chicago, or "Direct-Actionist," or

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A. CHICAGO

A. CHICAGO

The working class and the employing class have nothing in common. There can be no peace so long as hunger and want are found among millions of working people and the few, who make up the employing class, have all the good things of life. [Between these two classes a struggle must go on until all the toilers come together on the political, as well as on the industrial field, and take hold of that which they produce by their labor through an economic organization of the working class, without affi

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B. DETROIT[725]

B. DETROIT[725]

The working class and the employing class have nothing in common. There can be no peace as long as hunger and want are found among millions of working people and the few, who make up the employing class, have all the good things of life. [Between these two classes a struggle must go on until all the toilers come together on the political, as well as the industrial field, and take and hold that which they produce by their labor through an economic organization of the working class, without affili

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NOTES TO TABLE A.

NOTES TO TABLE A.

Here are assembled most of the available figures relating to I. W. W. membership and fluctuations in membership during the period 1905-1917. The figures are fragmentary and, for the most part, approximations; those in columns 1, 6, 7 and 11 being especially rough and fragmentary. For example, it will be observed, in comparing columns 7 and 9 with column 11 for the year 1914, that there must have been at least 1784 defunct locals at that time instead of 681 as the record shows. The figures in ita

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TABLE D.—Membership of the I. W. W. (Chicago and Detroit) and of all Labor Organizations in the U. S., 1905-1917[734]

TABLE D.—Membership of the I. W. W. (Chicago and Detroit) and of all Labor Organizations in the U. S., 1905-1917[734]

[727] Adapted by permission from Wolman, Leo, "Extent of Labor Organization," Quar. Jour. Econ. (May, 1916), 30: 606-13. [728] All I. W. W. membership in coal mines. [729] All I. W. W. membership in clothing, shirt, collar and cuff factories. [730] All I. W. W. membership in slaughter and packing houses. [731] All I. W. W. membership on steam railroads. [732] Adapted by permission from Geo. E. Barnett, Quar. Jour. Econ. (Aug., 1916, Appendix), vol. 30: pp. 838-46. [733] Merged in the I. W. W. in

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Are You a Wobbly?

Are You a Wobbly?

BY JOE FOLEY (Tune: "Are You from Dixie?") CHORUS...

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Dump the Bosses Off Your Back

Dump the Bosses Off Your Back

BY JOHN BRILL (Tune: "Take it to the Lord in Prayer")...

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Mr. Block

Mr. Block

BY JOE HILL (Air: "It Looks to Me like a Big Time Tonight") CHORUS...

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Tie 'Em Up!

Tie 'Em Up!

(Words and music by G. G. Allen) CHORUS...

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A. F. of L. Sympathy

A. F. of L. Sympathy

BY B. L. WEBER (Tune: "All I Got was Sympathy") CHORUS CHORUS...

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The Message from O'er the Sea

The Message from O'er the Sea

(Tune: "Don't Bite the Hand that's Feeding You") CHORUS...

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Scissor Bill

Scissor Bill

BY JOE HILL (Tune: "Steamboat Bill") CHORUS...

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Paint 'Er Red

Paint 'Er Red

BY RALPH CHAPLIN (Tune: "Marching through Georgia") CHORUS...

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The Preacher and the Slave

The Preacher and the Slave

BY JOE HILL (Tune: "Sweet Bye and Bye") CHORUS CHORUS LAST CHORUS...

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What We Want

What We Want

BY JOE HILL (Tune: "Rainbow") CHORUS [742] I. W. W. songs to fan the flames of discontent , 14th [General Defense] Edition, Chicago, I. W. W. Publishing Bureau, April, 1918. [743] Not published in the 14th edition. (Quoted only in part.)...

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MINNESOTA

MINNESOTA

Chapter 215—S. F. No. 942 [744] An act defining criminal syndicalism, prohibiting the advocacy thereof and the advocacy of crime, sabotage, violence, or other unlawful methods of terrorism as a means of accomplishing industrial or political ends, and assemblage for the purpose of such advocacy; declaring it unlawful to permit the use of any place, building or rooms for such assemblage in certain cases; and providing penalties for violations of the provisions thereof. Be it enacted by the Legisla

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IDAHO

IDAHO

Chapter 145—S. B. No. 183 An act defining the crime of criminal syndicalism and prescribing punishment therefor. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Idaho : Section 1. Criminal syndicalism is the doctrine which advocates crime, sabotage, violence or unlawful methods of terrorism as a means of accomplishing industrial or political reform. The advocacy of such doctrine, whether by word of mouth or writing, is a felony punishable as in this Act otherwise provided. Sec. 2. Any person wh

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MONTANA

MONTANA

An act defining criminal syndicalism, and the word sabotage; prohibiting the advocacy, teaching or suggestion thereof; and prohibiting the advocacy, teaching or suggestion of crime, violence, or the commission of any unlawful act or thing as a means to accomplish industrial or political ends, change or revolution; and prohibiting assemblages for the purpose of such advocacy, teachings or suggestions: declaring it unlawful to permit the use of any place, building, rooms or premises for such assem

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1. Official Documents of the Industrial Workers of the World

1. Official Documents of the Industrial Workers of the World

Constitution and By-Laws of Industrial Workers of the World (adopted at Chicago, 1905), (at head of title "Labor is Entitled to all it Produces"), Chicago, I. W. W. Pub. Bureau, n. d., 32 pp. Original constitution of the I. W. W. Constitution of the Transportation Department of the I. W. W., and By-Laws of the Steam Railway Sub-Division. 1905. Die Industriellen Arbeiterverbänder der Welt , Vorwort u. Konstitution, Chicago, 1906, 24 pp. Industrial Workers of the World, Industrial Council of New Y

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2. Propaganda Leaflets and Miscellaneous Official Publications

2. Propaganda Leaflets and Miscellaneous Official Publications

Address to Railroad Workers. Chicago, I. W. W., n. d. "Address to Street Car Workers," Industrial Union Leaflet No. 19 , Chicago, I. W. W., no date. "Address to Wage Workers by the Industrial Workers of the World." Industrial Union Leaflet No. 18 , Chicago, I. W. W., no date. Agricultural Workers Attention . Chicago, I. W. W. [1918]. Ameringer, Oscar, Union Scabs and Others , New Castle, Pa.: I. W. W. Publicity Bureau, n. d. Doran, J. T. ("Red"), Big Business and Direct Action . Leaflet pub. by

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3. Official and Semi-official Periodical Publications of the I. W. W.

3. Official and Semi-official Periodical Publications of the I. W. W.

Alarm. Swedish-Norwegian-Danish, Minneapolis, Minn., monthly, 50 cents. A Bérmunkás (The wage worker), Hungarian, Cleveland, weekly, $1.50. Published by the Hungarian-speaking locals of the I. W. W. The Boomer. Official Organ of Metal and Machinery Workers' Industrial Union No. 300, Industrial Workers of the World. Monthly. Chicago. (September, 1919-____.) Bulletin, Lumber Workers Industrial Union No. 500, I. W. W. (Spokane district), Spokane, Wash. (small news sheet, published irregularly). Buo

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4. Other Syndicalist and Revolutionary Labor Periodicals

4. Other Syndicalist and Revolutionary Labor Periodicals

La Acción Obrera (Syndicalist), Buenos Ayres. L'Action Directe , Syndicalist weekly, Paris, vol. i, no. 1, January 15, 1908. Adelante , Syndicalist, Punta Arenas, Chile. The Agitator (changed to The Syndicalist , January, 1913), Lakebay, Wash.; semi-monthly, Jay Fox, editor. A workers' semi-monthly advocate of the modern school, syndicalism and individual freedom. American Labor Union Journal , Butte, Mont.; published by the American Labor Union, Jan., 1903-Dec., 1904 (vols. i-ii). The Anarchist

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5. Partial List of Books and Articles on the I. W. W.

5. Partial List of Books and Articles on the I. W. W.

In this section have been included references to matter, (1) dealing directly with the I. W. W. as an organization, (2) on I. W. W.-ism, syndicalism, socialism, anarchism, etc., as related to the I. W. W., (3) written by or about persons who have been members of the organization, (4) published by the I. W. W. or any of its publishing agencies, and (5) to any other secondary material cited in the foregoing pages. Names of authors who have belonged to the I. W. W. at one time or another are marked

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VOLUME I, 1891-92. 2nd Ed., 1897. 396 pp. Price, cloth, $3.50.

VOLUME I, 1891-92. 2nd Ed., 1897. 396 pp. Price, cloth, $3.50.

1. The Divorce Problem. A Study In Statistics. By Walter F. Willcox , Ph.D. Price, 75 cents. 2. The History of Tariff Administration in the United States, from Colonial Times to the McKinley Administrative Bill. By John Dean Goss , Ph.D. Price, $1.00. 3. History of Municipal Land Ownership on Manhattan Island. By George Ashton Black , Ph.D. Price, $1.00. 4. Financial History of Massachusetts. By Charles H. J. Douglas , Ph.D. Price, $1.00....

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VOLUME II, 1892-93. (See note on last page.)

VOLUME II, 1892-93. (See note on last page.)

1. [5] The Economics of the Russian Village. By Isaac A. Hourwich , Ph.D. ( Out of print ). 2. [6] Bankruptcy. A Study in Comparative Legislation. By Samuel W. Dunscome , Jr., Ph.D. ( Not sold separately. ) 3. [7] Special Assessments; A Study in Municipal Finance. By Victor Rosewater , Ph.D. Second Edition, 1898. Price, $1.00....

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VOLUME III, 1893. 465 pp. (See note on last page.)

VOLUME III, 1893. 465 pp. (See note on last page.)

1. [8] *History of Elections In American Colonies. By Cortland F. Bishop , Ph.D. ( Not sold separately. ) 2. [9] The Commercial Policy of England toward the American Colonies. By George L. Beer , A. M. ( Out of print. )...

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VOLUME IV, 1893-94. 438 pp. (See note on last page.)

VOLUME IV, 1893-94. 438 pp. (See note on last page.)

1. [10] Financial History of Virginia. By William Z. Ripley , Ph.D. ( Not sold separately. ) 2. [11] *The Inheritance Tax. By Max West , Ph.D. Second Edition, 1908. Price. $2.00. 3. [12] History of Taxation in Vermont. By Frederick A. Wood , Ph.D. ( Out of print )....

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VOLUME V, 1895-96. 498 pp. Price, cloth, $3.50.

VOLUME V, 1895-96. 498 pp. Price, cloth, $3.50.

1. [13] Double Taxation in the United States. By Francis Walker , Ph.D. Price, $1.00. 2. [14] The Separation of Governmental Powers. By William Bondy , LL.B., Ph.D. Price, $1.00. 3. [15] Municipal Government in Michigan and Ohio. By Delos F. Wilcox , Ph.D. Price, $1.00....

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VOLUME VI, 1896. 601 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50; Paper covers, $4.00.

VOLUME VI, 1896. 601 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50; Paper covers, $4.00.

[16] History of Proprietary Government in Pennsylvania. By William Robert Shepherd , Ph.D....

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VOLUME VII, 1896. 512 pp. Price, cloth, $3.50.

VOLUME VII, 1896. 512 pp. Price, cloth, $3.50.

1. [17] History of the Transition from Provincial to Commonwealth Government in Massachusetts. By Harry A. Cushing , Ph.D. Price, $2.00. 2. [18] *Speculation on the Stock and Produce Exchanges of the United States. By Henry Crosby Emery , Ph.D. Price, $1.50....

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VOLUME VIII, 1896-98. 551 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME VIII, 1896-98. 551 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

1. [19] The Struggle between President Johnson and Congress over Reconstruction. By Charles Ernest Chadsey , Ph.D. Price, $1.00. 2. [20] Recent Centralizing Tendencies in State Educational Administration. By William Clarence Webster , Ph.D. Price, 75 cents. 3. [21] The Abolition of Privateering and the Declaration of Paris. By Francis R. Stark , LL.B., Ph.D. Price, $1.00. 4. [22] Public Administration in Massachusetts. The Relation of Central to Local Activity. By Robert Harvey Whitten , Ph.D. P

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VOLUME IX, 1897-98. 617 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME IX, 1897-98. 617 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

1. [23] *English Local Government of To-day. A Study of the Relations of Central and Local Government. By Milo Roy Maltbie , Ph.D. Price, $2.00. 2. [24] German Wage Theories. A History of their Development. By James W. Crook , Ph.D. Price, $1.00. 3. [25] The Centralization of Administration in New York State. By John Archibald Fairlie , Ph.D. Price, $1.00....

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VOLUME X, 1898-99. 409 pp. Price, cloth, $3.50.

VOLUME X, 1898-99. 409 pp. Price, cloth, $3.50.

1. [26] Sympathetic Strikes and Sympathetic Lockouts. By Fred S. Hall , Ph.D. Price, $1.00 2. [27] *Rhode Island and the Formation of the Union. By Frank Greene Bates , Ph.D. Price, $1.50. 3. [28] Centralized Administration of Liquor Laws in the American Commonwealths. By Clement Moore Lacey Sites , Ph.D. Price, $1.00....

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VOLUME XI, 1899. 495 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00; paper covers, $3.50.

VOLUME XI, 1899. 495 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00; paper covers, $3.50.

[29] The Growth of Cities. By Adna Ferrin Weber , Ph.D....

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VOLUME XII, 1899-1900. 586 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME XII, 1899-1900. 586 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

1. [30] History and Functions of Central Labor Unions. By William Maxwell Burke , Ph.D. Price, $1.00. 2. [31] Colonial Immigration Laws. By Edward Emerson Proper , A.M. Price, 75 cents. 3. [32] History of Military Pension Legislation in the United States. By William Henry Glasson , Ph.D. Price, $1.00. 4. [33] History of the Theory of Sovereignty since Rousseau. By Charles E. Merriam , Jr., Ph.D. Price, $1.50....

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VOLUME XIII, 1901. 570 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME XIII, 1901. 570 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

1. [34] The Legal Property Relations of Married Parties. By Isidor Loeb , Ph.D. Price, $1.50. 2. [35] Political Nativism in New York State. By Louis Dow Scisco , Ph.D. Price, $2.00. 3. [36] The Reconstruction of Georgia. By Edwin C. Woolley , Ph.D. Price, $1.00....

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VOLUME XIV, 1901-1902. 576 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME XIV, 1901-1902. 576 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

1. [37] Loyalism in New York during the American Revolution. By Alexander Clarence Flick , Ph.D. Price, $2.00. 2. [38] The Economic Theory of Risk and Insurance. By Allan H. Willett , Ph.D. Price, $1.50. 3. [39] The Eastern Question: A Study in Diplomacy. By Stephen P. H. Duggan , Ph.D. Price, $1.00....

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VOLUME XV, 1902. 427 pp. Price, cloth, $3.50; Paper covers, $3.00.

VOLUME XV, 1902. 427 pp. Price, cloth, $3.50; Paper covers, $3.00.

[40] Crime in Its Relation to Social Progress. By Arthur Cleveland Hall , Ph.D....

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VOLUME XVI, 1902-1903. 547 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME XVI, 1902-1903. 547 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

1. [41] The Past and Present of Commerce in Japan. By Yetaro Kinosita , Ph.D. Price, $1.50. 2. [42] The Employment of Women in the Clothing Trade. By Mabel Hurd Willet , Ph.D. Price, $1.50. 3. [43] The Centralization of Administration in Ohio. By Samuel P. Orth , Ph.D. Price, $1.50....

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VOLUME XVII, 1903. 635 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME XVII, 1903. 635 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

1. [44] *Centralizing Tendencies in the Administration of Indiana. By William A. Rawles , Ph.D. Price, $2.50. 2. [45] Principles of Justice in Taxation. By Stephen F. Weston , Ph.D. Price, $2.00....

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VOLUME XVIII, 1903. 753 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

VOLUME XVIII, 1903. 753 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

1. [46] The Administration of Iowa. By Harold Martin Bowman , Ph.D. Price, $1.50. 2. [47] Turgot and the Six Edicts. By Robert P. Shepherd , Ph.D. Price, $1.50. 3. [48] Hanover and Prussia, 1795-1803. By Guy Stanton Ford , Ph.D. Price, $2.00....

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VOLUME XIX, 1903-1905. 588 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME XIX, 1903-1905. 588 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

1. [49] Josiah Tucker, Economist. By Walter Ernest Clark , Ph.D. Price, $1.50. 2. [50] History and Criticism of the Labor Theory of Value in English Political Economy. By Albert C. Whitaker , Ph.D. Price, $1.50. 3. [51] Trade Unions and the Law in New York. By George Gorham Groat , Ph.D. Price, $1.00....

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VOLUME XX, 1904. 514 pp. Price, cloth, $3.50.

VOLUME XX, 1904. 514 pp. Price, cloth, $3.50.

1. [52] The Office of the Justice of the Peace in England. By Charles Austin Beard , Ph.D. Price, $1.50. 2. [53] A History of Military Government in Newly Acquired Territory of the United States. By David Y. Thomas , Ph.D. Price, $2.00....

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VOLUME XXI, 1904. 746 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

VOLUME XXI, 1904. 746 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

1. [54] *Treaties, their Making and Enforcement. By Samuel B. Crandall , Ph.D. Price, $1.50. 2. [55] The Sociology of a New York City Block. By Thomas Jesse Jones , Ph.D. Price, $1.00. 3. [56] Pre-Malthusian Doctrines of Population. By Charles E. Stangeland , Ph.D. Price, $2.50....

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VOLUME XXII, 1905. 520 pp. Price, cloth, $3.50; paper covers, $3.00.

VOLUME XXII, 1905. 520 pp. Price, cloth, $3.50; paper covers, $3.00.

[57] The Historical Development of the Poor Law of Connecticut. By Edward W. Capen , Ph. D....

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VOLUME XXIII, 1905. 594 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME XXIII, 1905. 594 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

1. [58] The Economics of Land Tenure in Georgia. By Enoch Marvin Banks , Ph.D. Price, $1.00. 2. [59] Mistake in Contract. A Study in Comparative Jurisprudence. By Edwin C. McKeag , Ph.D. Price, $1.00. 3. [60] Combination in the Mining Industry. By Henry R. Mussey , Ph.D. Price, $1.00. 4. [61] The English Craft Guilds and the Government. By Stella Kramer , Ph.D. Price, $1.00....

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VOLUME XXIV, 1905. 521 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME XXIV, 1905. 521 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

1. [62] The Place of Magic in the Intellectual History of Europe. By Lynn Thorndike , Ph.D. Price, $1.00. 2. [63] The Ecclesiastical Edicts of the Theodosian Code. By William K. Boyd , Ph.D. Price, $1.00. 3. [64] *The International Position of Japan as a Great Power. By Seiji G. Hishida , Ph.D. Price, $2.00....

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VOLUME XXV, 1906-07. 600 pp. (Sold only in Sets.)

VOLUME XXV, 1906-07. 600 pp. (Sold only in Sets.)

1. [65] *Municipal Control of Public Utilities. By O. L. Pond , Ph.D. ( Not sold separately. ) 2. [66] The Budget in the American Commonwealths. By Eugene E. Agger . Ph.D. Price, $1.50. 3. [67] The Finances of Cleveland. By Charles C. Williamson , Ph.D. Price, $2.00....

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VOLUME XXVI, 1907. 559 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME XXVI, 1907. 559 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

1. [68] Trade and Currency in Early Oregon. By James H. Gilbert , Ph.D. Price, $1.00. 2. [69] Luther's Table Talk. By Preserved Smith , Ph.D. Price, $1.00. 3. [70] The Tobacco Industry in the United States. By Meyer Jacobstein , Ph.D. Price, $1 .50. 4. [71] Social Democracy and Population. By Alvan A. Tenney , Ph.D. Price, 75 cents....

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VOLUME XXVII, 1907. 578 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME XXVII, 1907. 578 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

1. [72] The Economic Policy of Robert Walpole. By Norris A. Brisco , Ph.D. Price, $1.50. 2. [73] The United States Steel Corporation. By Abraham Berglund , Ph.D. Price, $1 .50. 3. [74] The Taxation of Corporations in Massachusetts. By Harry G. Friedman , Ph.D. Price, $1.50....

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VOLUME XXVIII, 1907. 564 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME XXVIII, 1907. 564 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

1. [75] DeWitt Clinton and the Origin of the Spoils System in New York. By Howard Lee McBain , Ph.D. Price, $1.50. 2. [76] The Development of the Legislature of Colonial Virginia. By Elmer I. Miller , Ph.D. Price, $1.50. 3. [77] The Distribution of Ownership. By Joseph Harding Underwood , Ph.D. Price, $1.50....

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VOLUME XXIX, 1908. 703 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

VOLUME XXIX, 1908. 703 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

1. [78] Early New England Towns. By Anne Bush MacLear , Ph.D. Price, $1.50. 2. [79] New Hampshire as a Royal Province. By William H. Fry , Ph.D. Price, $3.00....

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VOLUME XXX, 1908. 712 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50; Paper covers, $4.00.

VOLUME XXX, 1908. 712 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50; Paper covers, $4.00.

[80] The Province of New Jersey, 1664-1738. By Edwin P. Tanner , Ph.D....

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VOLUME XXXI, 1908. 575 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME XXXI, 1908. 575 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

1. [81] Private Freight Cars and American Railroads. By L. D. H. Weld , Ph.D. Price $1.50. 2. [82] Ohio before 1850. By Robert E. Chaddock , Ph.D. Price, $1.50. 3. [83] Consanguineous Marriages in the American Population. By George B. Louis Arner , Ph.D. Price, 75 cents. 4. [84] Adolphe Quetelet as Statistician. By Frank H. Hankins , Ph.D. Price, $1.25....

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VOLUME XXXII, 1908. 705 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50; paper covers, $4.00.

VOLUME XXXII, 1908. 705 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50; paper covers, $4.00.

1. [85] The Enforcement of the Statutes of Laborers. By Bertha Haven Putnam , Ph.D....

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VOLUME XXXIII, 1908-1909. 635 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

VOLUME XXXIII, 1908-1909. 635 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

1. [86] Factory Legislation in Maine. By E. Stagg Whitin , A.B. Price, $1.00. 2. [87] *Psychological Interpretations of Society. By Michael M. Davis , Jr., Ph.D. Price, $2.00. 3. [88] *An Introduction to the Sources relating to the Germanic Invasions. By Carlton J. H. Hayes , Ph.D. Price, $1.50....

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VOLUME XXXIV, 1909. 628 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

VOLUME XXXIV, 1909. 628 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

1. [89] Transportation and Industrial Development in the Middle West. By William F. Gephart , Ph.D. Price, $2.00. 2. [90] Social Reform and the Reformation. By Jacob Salwyn Schapiro , Ph.D. Price, $1.25. 3. [91] Responsibility for Crime. By Philip A. Parsons , Ph.D. Price, $1.50....

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VOLUME XXXV, 1909. 568 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

VOLUME XXXV, 1909. 568 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

1. [92] The Conflict over the Judicial Powers in the United States to 1870. By Charles Grove Haines , Ph.D. Price, $1.50. 2. [93] A Study of the Population of Manhattanville. By Howard Brown Woolston , Ph.D. Price, $1.25. 3. [94] *Divorce: A Study in Social Causation. By James P. Lichtenberger , Ph.D. Price, $1.50....

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VOLUME XXXVI, 1910. 542 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME XXXVI, 1910. 542 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

1. [95] *Reconstruction in Texas. By Charles William Ramsdell , Ph.D. Price, $2.50. 2. [96] *The Transition In Virginia from Colony to Commonwealth. By Charles Ramsdell Lingley , Ph.D. Price, $1.50....

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VOLUME XXXVII, 1910. 606 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

VOLUME XXXVII, 1910. 606 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

1. [97] Standards of Reasonableness in Local Freight Discriminations. By John Maurice Clark , Ph.D. Price, $1.25. 2. [98] Legal Development in Colonial Massachusetts. By Charles J. Hilkey , Ph.D. Price, $1.25. 3. [99] *Social and Mental Traits of the Negro. By Howard W. Odum , Ph.D. Price, $2.00....

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VOLUME XXXVIII, 1910. 463 pp. Price, cloth, $3.50.

VOLUME XXXVIII, 1910. 463 pp. Price, cloth, $3.50.

1. [100] The Public Domain and Democracy. By Robert Tudor Hill , Ph.D. Price, $2.00. 2. [101] Organismic Theories of the State. By Francis W. Coker , Ph.D. Price, $1.50....

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VOLUME XXXIX, 1910-1911. 651 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

VOLUME XXXIX, 1910-1911. 651 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

1. [102] The Making of the Balkan States. By William Smith Murray , Ph.D. Price, $1.50. 2. [103] Political History of New York State during the Period of the Civil War. By Sidney David Brummer , Ph.D. Price, $3.00....

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VOLUME XL, 1911. 633 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

VOLUME XL, 1911. 633 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

1. [104] A Survey of Constitutional Development In China. By Hawkling L. Yen , Ph.D. Price, $1.00. 2. [105] Ohio Politics during the Civil War Period. By George H. Porter , Ph.D. Price, $1.75. 3. [106] The Territorial Basis of Government under the State Constitutions. By Alfred Zantzinger Reed , Ph.D. Price, $1.75....

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VOLUME XLI, 1911. 514 pp. Price, cloth, $3.50; paper covers, $3.00.

[107] New Jersey as a Royal Province. By Edgar Jacob Fisher , Ph.D....

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VOLUME XLII, 1911. 400 pp. Price, cloth, $3.00; paper covers, $2.50.

VOLUME XLII, 1911. 400 pp. Price, cloth, $3.00; paper covers, $2.50.

[108] Attitude of American Courts in Labor Cases. By George Gorham Groat , Ph.D....

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VOLUME XLIII, 1911. 633 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

VOLUME XLIII, 1911. 633 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

1. [109] *Industrial Causes of Congestion of Population in New York City. By Edward Ewing Pratt , Ph.D. Price, $2.00. 2. [110] Education and the Mores. By F. Stuart Chapin , Ph.D. Price, 75 cents. 3. [111] The British Consuls in the Confederacy. By Milledge L. Bonham, Jr. , Ph.D. Price, $2.00....

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VOLUMES XLIV and XLV, 1911. 745 pp.

VOLUMES XLIV and XLV, 1911. 745 pp.

Price for the two volumes, cloth, $6.00; paper covers, $5.00. [112 and 113] The Economic Principles of Confucius and his School. By Chen Huan-Chang , Ph.D....

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VOLUME XLVI, 1911-1912. 623 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

VOLUME XLVI, 1911-1912. 623 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

1. [114] The Ricardian Socialists. By Esther Lowenthal , Ph.D. Price, $1.00. 2. [115] Ibrahim Pasha, Grand Vizier of Suleiman, the Magnificent. By Hester Donaldson Jenkins , Ph.D. Price, $1.00. 3. [116] *Syndicalism in France. By Louis Levine , Ph.D. Second edition, 1914. Price, $1.50. 4. [117] A Hoosier Village. By Newell Leroy Sims , Ph.D. Price. $1.50....

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VOLUME XLVII, 1912. 544 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME XLVII, 1912. 544 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

1. [118] The Politics of Michigan, 1865-1878. By Harriette M. Dilla , Ph.D. Price, $2.00. 2. [119] *The United States Beet Sugar Industry and the Tariff. By Roy G. Blakey , Ph.D. Price, $2.00....

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VOLUME XLVIII, 1912. 493 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME XLVIII, 1912. 493 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

1. [120] Isidor of Seville. By Ernest Bremaut , Ph. D. Price, $2.00. 2. [121] Progress and Uniformity in Child-Labor Legislation. By William Fielding Ogburn , Ph.D. Price, $1.75....

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VOLUME XLIX, 1912. 592 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

VOLUME XLIX, 1912. 592 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

1. [122] British Radicalism 1791-1797. By Walter Phelps Hall . Price, $2.00. 2. [123] A Comparative Study of the Law of Corporations. By Arthur K. Kuhn , Ph.D. Price, $1.50. 3. [124] *The Negro at Work in New York City. By George E. Haynes , Ph.D. Price, $1.25....

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VOLUME L, 1911. 481 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME L, 1911. 481 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

1. [125] *The Spirit of Chinese Philanthropy. By Yai Yue Tsu , Ph.D. Price, $1.00. 2. [126] *The Alien In China. By Vi. Kyuin Wellington Koo , Ph.D. Price, $2.50....

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VOLUME LI, 1912. 4to. Atlas. Price: cloth, $1.50; paper covers, $1.00.

VOLUME LI, 1912. 4to. Atlas. Price: cloth, $1.50; paper covers, $1.00.

1. [127] The Sale of Liquor in the South. By Leonard S. Blaney , Ph.D....

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VOLUME LII, 1912. 489 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME LII, 1912. 489 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

1. [128] *Provincial and Local Taxation In Canada. By Solomon Vineberg , Ph.D. Price, $1.50. 2. [129] *The Distribution of Income. By Frank Hatch Streightoff , Ph.D. Price, $1.50. 3. [130] *The Finances of Vermont. By Frederick A. Wood , Ph.D. Price, $1.00....

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VOLUME LIII, 1913. 789 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50; paper, $4.00.

VOLUME LIII, 1913. 789 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50; paper, $4.00.

[131] The Civil War and Reconstruction In Florida. By W. W. Davis , Ph.D....

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VOLUME LIV, 1913. 604 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

VOLUME LIV, 1913. 604 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

1. [132] *Privileges and Immunities of Citizens of the United States. By Arnold Johnson Lien . Ph.D. Price, 75 Cents. 2. [133] The Supreme Court and Unconstitutional Legislation. By Blaine Free Moore , Ph.D. Price, $1.00. 3. [134] *Indian Slavery in Colonial Times within the Present Limits of the United States. By Almon Wheeler Laurer , Ph.D. Price, $3.00....

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VOLUME LV, 1913. 665 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

VOLUME LV, 1913. 665 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

1. [135] *A Political History of the State of New York. By Homer A. Stebbins , Ph.D. Price, $4.00. 2. [136] *The Early Persecutions of the Christians. By Leon H. Canfield , Ph.D. Price, S1.50....

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VOLUME LVI, 1913, 406 pp. Price, cloth, $3.50.

VOLUME LVI, 1913, 406 pp. Price, cloth, $3.50.

1. [137] Speculation on the New York Stock Exchange. 1904-1907. By Algernon Ashburner Osborne . Price, $1.50. 2. [138] The Policy of the United States towards Industrial Monopoly. By Oswald Whitman Knauth , Ph.D. Price, $2.00....

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VOLUME LVII, 1914. 670 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

VOLUME LVII, 1914. 670 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

1. [139] *The Civil Service of Great Britain. By Robert Moses , Ph.D. Price, $2.00. 2. [140] The Financial History of New York State. By Don C. Sowers . Price, $2.50....

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VOLUME LVIII, 1914. 684 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50; paper, $4.00.

VOLUME LVIII, 1914. 684 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50; paper, $4.00.

[141] Reconstruction In North Carolina. By J. G. de Roulnac Hamilton , Ph.D....

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VOLUME LIX, 1914. 625 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

VOLUME LIX, 1914. 625 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

1. [142] The Development of Modern Turkey by means of its Press. By Anmed Emin , Ph.D. Price, $1.00. 2. [143] The System of Taxation in China. 1614-1911. By Shao-Kwan Chen , Ph. D. Price, $1.00. 3. [144] The Currency Problem in China. By Wen Pin Wei , Ph.D. Price, $1.25. 4. [145] *Jewish Immigration to the United States. By Samuel Joseph , Ph.D. Price, $1.50....

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VOLUME LX. 1914. 516 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME LX. 1914. 516 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

1. [146] *Constantine the Great and Christianity. By Christopher Bush Coleman , Ph.D. Price, $2.00. 2. [147] The Establishment of Christianity and the Proscription of Paganism. By Maud Aline Huttman , Ph.D. Price, $2.00....

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VOLUME LXI. 1914. 496 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME LXI. 1914. 496 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

1. [148] *The Railway Conductors: A Study in Organized Labor. By Edwin Clyde Robbins . Price, $1.50. 2. [149] *The Finances of the City of New York. By Yin-Ch'u Ma , Ph.D. Price, $2.50....

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VOLUME LXII. 1914. 414 pp. Price, cloth, $3.50.

VOLUME LXII. 1914. 414 pp. Price, cloth, $3.50.

[150] The Journal of the Joint Committee of Fifteen on Reconstruction. 39th Congress, 1865-1867. By Benjamin B. Kendrick , Ph.D. Price, $3.00....

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VOLUME LXIII. 1914. 561 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME LXIII. 1914. 561 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

1. [151] Emile Durkheim's Contributions to Sociological Theory. By Charles Elmer Gehlke , Ph.D. Price, $1.50. 2. [152] The Nationalization of Railways in Japan. By Toshiharu Watarai , Ph.D. Price, $1.25. 3. [153] Population: A Study in Malthusianism. By Warren S. Thompson , Ph.D. Price, $1.75....

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VOLUME LXIV. 1915. 646 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

VOLUME LXIV. 1915. 646 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

1. [154] *Reconstruction in Georgia. By C. Mildred Thompson , Ph.D. Price, $3.00. 2. [155] *The Review of American Colonial Legislation by the King in Council. By Elmer Beecher Russell , Ph.D. Price, $1.75....

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VOLUME LXV. 1915. 524 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME LXV. 1915. 524 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

1. [156] *The Sovereign Council of New France. By Raymond Du Bois Cahall , Ph.D. Price, $2.25. 2. [157] *Scientific Management (2nd. ed. 1918). By Horace B. Drury , Ph.D. Price, $2.00....

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VOLUME LXVI. 1915. 655 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

VOLUME LXVI. 1915. 655 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

1. [158] *The Recognition Policy of the United States. By Julius Goebel, Jr. , Ph.D. Price, $2.00. 2. [159] Railway Problems in China. By Chih Hsu , Ph.D. Price $1.50. 3. [160] *The Boxer Rebellion. By Paul H. Clements , Ph.D. Price, $2.00....

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VOLUME LXVII. 1916. 538 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME LXVII. 1916. 538 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

1. [161] *Russian Sociology. By Julius F. Hecker , Ph.D. Price, $2.50. 2. [162] State Regulation of Railroads in the South. By Maxwell Ferguson , A.M., LL.B. Price, $1.75....

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VOLUME LXVIII. 1916. 518 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

VOLUME LXVIII. 1916. 518 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

[163] The Origins of the Islamic State. By Philip K. Hitti , Ph.D. Price, $4.00....

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VOLUME LXIX. 1919. 489 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME LXIX. 1919. 489 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

1. [164] Railway Monopoly and Rate Regulation. By Robert J. McFall , Ph.D. Price, $2 .00. 2. [165] The Butter Industry in the United States. By Edward Wiest , Ph.D. Price, $2.00....

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VOLUME LXX. 1916. 540 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

VOLUME LXX. 1916. 540 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

[166] Mohammedan Theories of Finance. By Nicolas P. Aghnides , Ph.D. Price, $4.00....

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VOLUME LXXI. 1916. 476 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME LXXI. 1916. 476 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

1. [167] The Commerce of Louisiana during the French Regime, 1699-1763. By N. M. Miller Surrey , Ph.D. Price, $3.50....

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VOLUME LXXII. 1916. 542 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

VOLUME LXXII. 1916. 542 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

1. [168] American Men of Letters: Their Nature and Nurture. By Edwin Leavitt Clarke , Ph.D. Price, $1.50. 2. [169] The Tariff Problem in China. By Chin Chu , Ph.D. Price, $1.50. 3. [170] The Marketing of Perishable Food Products. By A. B. Adams , Ph.D. Price, $1.50....

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VOLUME LXXIII. 1919. 616 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

VOLUME LXXIII. 1919. 616 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

1. [171] *The Social and Economic Aspects of the Chartist Movement. By Frank F. Rosenblatt , Ph.D. Price, $2.00. 2. [172] *The Decline of the Chartist Movement. By Preston William Slosson , Ph.D. Price, $2.00. 3. [173] Chartism and the Churches. By H. U. Faulkner , Ph.D. Price, $1.25....

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VOLUME LXXIV. 1917. 546 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

VOLUME LXXIV. 1917. 546 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

1. [174] The Rise of Ecclesiastical Control in Quebec. By Walter A. Riddell , Ph.D. Price, $1.75. 2. [175] Political Opinion In Massachusetts during the Civil War and Reconstruction. By Edith Ellen Ware , Ph.D. Price, $1.75. 3. [176] Collective Bargaining In the Lithographic Industry. By H. E. Hoagland , Ph.D. Price, $1.00....

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VOLUME LXXV. 1917. 410 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME LXXV. 1917. 410 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

An extra-illustrated and bound volume is published at $5.00. 1. [177] New York as an Eighteenth Century Municipality. Prior to 1731. By Arthur Everett Peterson , Ph.D. Price, $2.00. 2. [178] New York as an Eighteenth Century Municipality. 1731-1776. By George William Edwards , Ph.D. Price, $2.00....

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VOLUME LXXVI. 1917. 489 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME LXXVI. 1917. 489 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

1. [179] *Economic and Social History of Chowan County, North Carolina. By W. Scott Boyce , Ph.D. Price, $2.50. 2. [180] Separation of State and Local Revenues In the United States. By Mabel Newcomer , Ph.D. Price, $1.75....

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VOLUME LXXVII. 1917. 473 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME LXXVII. 1917. 473 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

[181] American Civil Church Law. By Carl Zollmann , LL.B. Price, $3.50....

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VOLUME LXXVIII. 1917. 647 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

VOLUME LXXVIII. 1917. 647 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

[182] The Colonial Merchants and the American Revolution. By Arthur Meier Schlesinger , Ph.D. Price, $4.00....

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VOLUME LXXIX. 1917-1918. 535 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

VOLUME LXXIX. 1917-1918. 535 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

1. [183] Contemporary Theories of Unemployment and Unemployment Relief. By Frederick C. Mills , Ph.D. Price, $1.50. 2. [184] The French Assembly of 1848 and American Constitutional Doctrine. By Eugene Newton Curtis , Ph.D. Price, $3.00....

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VOLUME LXXX. 1918. 448 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME LXXX. 1918. 448 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

1. [185] *Valuation and Rate Making. By Robert L. Hale , Ph.D. Price, $1.50. 2. [186] The Enclosure of Open Fields In England. By Harriet Bradley , Ph.D. Price, $1.25. 3. [187] The Land Tax In China. By H. L. Huang , Ph.D. Price, $1.50....

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VOLUME LXXXI. 1918. 601 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

VOLUME LXXXI. 1918. 601 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

1. [188] Social Life In Rome In the Time of Plautus and Terence. By Georgia W. Leffingwell , Ph.D. Price, $1.25. 2. [189] *Australian Social Development. By Clarence H. Northcott , Ph.D. Price, $2.50. 3. [190] *Factory Statistics and Industrial Fatigue. By Philip S. Florence , Ph.D. Price, $1.25....

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VOLUME LXXXII. 1918-1919. 576 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

VOLUME LXXXII. 1918-1919. 576 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

1. [191] New England and the Bavarian Illuminati. By Vernon Stauffer , Ph.D. Price, $3.00. 2. [192] Resale Price Maintenance. By Claudius T. Murchison , Ph.D. Price, $1.50....

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VOLUME LXXXIII. 1919. 432 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME LXXXIII. 1919. 432 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

[193] The I. W. W. By Paul F. Brissenden , Ph.D. Price, $3.50....

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VOLUME LXXXIV. 1919. 534 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

VOLUME LXXXIV. 1919. 534 pp. Price, cloth, $4.50.

1. [194] The Royal Government In Virginia, 1624-1775. By Percy Scott Flippin , Ph.D. Price, $3.00. 2. [195] Hellenic Conceptions of Peace. By Wallace E. Caldwell , Ph.D. Price, $1.25....

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VOLUME LXXXV. 1919. 450 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME LXXXV. 1919. 450 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

1. [196] The Religious Policy of the Bavarian Government during the Napoleonic Period. By Chester P. Higby , Ph.D. Price, $3.00. 2. [197] Public Debts of China. By F. H. Huang , Ph. D. Price, $1.00....

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VOLUME LXXXVI. 1919. 460 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME LXXXVI. 1919. 460 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

[198] The Decline of Aristocracy In the Politics of New York. By Dixon Ryan Fox , Ph.D. Price, $3.50....

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VOLUME LXXXVII. 1919. 451 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME LXXXVII. 1919. 451 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

[199] Foreign Trade of China. By Chong Su See , Ph.D. Price, $3.50....

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VOLUME LXXXVIII. 1919. 444 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

VOLUME LXXXVIII. 1919. 444 pp. Price, cloth, $4.00.

1. [200] The Street Surface Railway Franchises of New York City. By Harry J. Carman , Ph.D. Price, $2.00. 2. [201] Electric Light Franchises in New York City. By Leonora Arent . ( In press )....

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VOLUME LXXXIX. 1919.

VOLUME LXXXIX. 1919.

1. [202] Women's Wages. By Emilie J. Hutchinson . Ph.D. Price, $1.50. 2. [203] The Penitentials. By T. P. Oakley . ( In press )....

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