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"Broke," The Man Without The Dime

Edwin A. Brown

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“BROKE” THE MAN WITHOUT THE DIME

“BROKE” THE MAN WITHOUT THE DIME

BY EDWIN A. BROWN ILLUSTRATED FROM PHOTOGRAPHS CHICAGO BROWNE &amp; HOWELL COMPANY 1913 COPYRIGHT, 1913 BY BROWNE &amp; HOWELL COMPANY Copyright in England All rights reserved PUBLISHED, NOVEMBER, 1913 THE · PLIMPTON · PRESS NORWOOD · MASS · U·S·A TO THAT VAST ARMY, WHO, WITHOUT ARMS OF BURNISHED STEEL, FIGHT WITH BARE HANDS FOR EXISTENCE THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED...

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INTRODUCTORY

INTRODUCTORY

I was born on the 28th day of April, 1857, in the village of Port Byron, Rock Island County, Illinois. The waves of the grand old Mississippi sang my lullaby through a long and joyful childhood. So near at hand was the stream that I learned to swim and skate almost before I was out of kilts. My father, A. J. Brown, at that time was the leading merchant and banker in the town. We were an exceedingly happy and prosperous family of six. My father died when I was seven years of age. My mother, a wom

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CHAPTER I My Itinerary and Working Plan

CHAPTER I My Itinerary and Working Plan

“The heart discovers and reveals a social wrong, and then demands that reason step in and solve the problem.” It was in the Winter of 1908–9 that a voice in the night prompted me to take the initiative for the relief of a great social wrong—to start on what to me was a great constructive social reform. As mysterious as life itself was the following of that voice for three years. I realized fully the importance of actually putting myself in the place of the penniless man to gain the knowledge and

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CHAPTER II The Welcome in the City Beautiful to its Builders

CHAPTER II The Welcome in the City Beautiful to its Builders

“And the gates of the city shall not be shut at all by day: for there shall be no night there.”— Rev. 21:25. On a bitter winter night, when the very air seemed congealed into piercing needles, as I was hurrying down Seventeenth Street in the City of Denver—the City Beautiful, the City of Lights and Wealth,—a young man about eighteen years of age stopped me, and asked in a rather hesitating manner for the price of a meal. At a glance I took in his desperate condition. His shoes gaped at the toes

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CHAPTER III Chicago—A Landlord for Its Homeless Workers

CHAPTER III Chicago—A Landlord for Its Homeless Workers

“These hints dropped as it were from sleep and night let us use in broad day.”— Emerson. On a stormy night in February, 1909, I arrived at the Auditorium Annex in Chicago. Donning my worker’s outfit and covering my entire person with a large, long coat, unnoticed I left the hotel. Leaving the coat at a convenient place, I appeared an out-of-work moneyless man, seeking assistance in this mighty American industrial center. I made my way down Van Buren Street. Though the hour was late, there were m

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CHAPTER IV The Merciful Awakening of New York

CHAPTER IV The Merciful Awakening of New York

“I said, I will walk in the country. He said, walk in the city. I said, but there are no flowers there. He said, but there are crowns.” In New York I repeated my Chicago plan. I left the Waldorf-Astoria at ten o’clock, dressed in my blue jeans and with my cloak covering my outfit until I could reach unobserved a place to leave it. The police were courteous and directed me to New York City’s “House of God.” Before entering I stepped back and looked at the wonderful building, beautifully illuminat

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CHAPTER V Homeless—in the National Capital

CHAPTER V Homeless—in the National Capital

“What is strange, there never was in any man sufficient faith in the power of rectitude, to inspire him with the broad design of renovating the state on the principle of right and love.”— Emerson. It was late in the afternoon when I arrived at the Nation’s Capital, and rode to my hotel between tiers of newly erected seats, and banners and flags and festooned arches, and myriads of many-colored lights which soon were to burst forth in royal splendor. Already the prodigal display, costing half a m

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CHAPTER VI The Little Pittsburg of the West and Its Great Wrong

CHAPTER VI The Little Pittsburg of the West and Its Great Wrong

“Even the night shall be light about me.”— Psalms 139:11. In Pueblo, Colorado, I discovered they were finding men dead in an ash-dump of a railroad company. Pueblo, called “The Little Pittsburg of the West,” is distinctly an industrial city. It naturally attracts thousands of workingmen during the course of the year, and when the demand for labor is supplied, it follows that many men will congregate there, willing to work but often unable to find employment immediately. The great ash-dump, about

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CHAPTER VII “Latter-day Saints” Who Sin Against Society

CHAPTER VII “Latter-day Saints” Who Sin Against Society

When I lie down I say when shall the night be gone, and I am full of tossings to and fro unto the dawning of the day.— Job 7:4. As Elizabeth Barrett Browning sang of Florence, so one may sing of Salt Lake City. “Like a water lily resting on the bosom of a lake,” so rests the lovely Zion, reposing in a valley of green fields, trees and flowers and fruits, with placid lakes and flowing crystal streams; surrounded by soft gray mountains, rugged, clear cut, grand, their peaks covered with perpetual

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CHAPTER VIII Kansas City and Its Heavy Laden

CHAPTER VIII Kansas City and Its Heavy Laden

“All religions are beautiful which make us good people.”— Auerbach. Just before the opening of the great harvests of Kansas, I reached Kansas City. Ten thousand men had congregated there in anticipation of work. The season was late and the harvest would not begin for a week or ten days. The men must be right at hand. While all of them could be classed as homeless, migratory wage-earners, they were not all penniless by any means. Only a small percentage of them were without actual means of subsis

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CHAPTER IX The New England “Conscience”

CHAPTER IX The New England “Conscience”

“See to it only that thyself is here,— and art and nature, hope and dread, friends, angels and the Supreme Being shall not be absent from the chamber where thou sittest.”— Emerson. Studying in Boston—as is said of Paris—is being born in Boston. When a boy in my teens I spent four years there, and those four years awakened in me the brightest dreams and brightest hopes for a successful future. After thirty years, I am again in this renowned center of intellectual culture as a student, but this ti

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CHAPTER X Philadelphia’s “Brotherly Love”

CHAPTER X Philadelphia’s “Brotherly Love”

“Hast thou Virtue? Acquire also the graces and beauties of Virtue.”— Franklin. I had read that Philadelphia’s hospitality was her great virtue, and that it was characteristic of her people to bestow upon the stranger and the homeless—who are and who come within her gates—a blessing of care and kindness nowhere else known,—to make them feel that at last they have found a haven. The first Philadelphia police officer I met I asked several questions about the city. His manner toward me was a surpris

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CHAPTER XI Pittsburg and the Wolf

CHAPTER XI Pittsburg and the Wolf

“I resolved that the wolf of poverty should be driven from my door.”— Andrew Carnegie. Our train was late, and would not reach Pittsburgh until noon. The porter had given me a pillow, and while we were sliding smoothly down that great tongue of land between the Monongahela and Allegheny Rivers, where in 1754 stood an old French fort, and where to-day stands Pittsburg, the greatest industrial city of our nation with its population of 750,000 souls, I fell into a half wakeful reverie. I was thinki

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CHAPTER XII Omaha and Her Homeless

CHAPTER XII Omaha and Her Homeless

“A good mayor is useful; a man should not recoil before the good he may be able to do.”— Hugo. In the Antelope State, on the Big Muddy River, on a plateau rising from the west bank of the river is built the city of Omaha, the metropolis of the State, with a population of 150,000 people. Omaha was called the “Gate City” on account of its important commercial position when it was founded in 1854. It was one of the first to breathe of the mighty progress of civilization in our great West; and, like

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CHAPTER XIII San Francisco—The Mission, the Prison, and the Homeless

CHAPTER XIII San Francisco—The Mission, the Prison, and the Homeless

“Liberty to the captive, and the opening of the prison to them that are bound.”— Isaiah 61:1. Having received many letters from the Pacific Coast inviting me to come that way, and having heard what a Mecca for the itinerate worker it was, I felt impelled to investigate the “Commercial Emporium” of the Western shore. I had already made my appeal to Salt Lake City, so I went directly through from Denver to the “Golden Gate.” I arrived in San Francisco, one of the most wonderful and beautiful citie

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CHAPTER XIV Experiences in Los Angeles

CHAPTER XIV Experiences in Los Angeles

“Ye are not of the night nor the darkness.”— I Thessalonians 5:5. On one of Los Angeles’ perfect winter Sabbath mornings, I was idly strolling down the street, when a breezy, pleasant faced woman appeared, looked at me closely and then asked if I was homeless. The genial little lady urged me with a great deal of force to come to the institution in which she was interested, and where, she assured me, I would be well fed and sheltered as long as I chose to stay. So pleasant was the description of

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CHAPTER XV In Portland

CHAPTER XV In Portland

“To live honestly by one’s own toil, what a favor of Heaven!”— Hugo. “Dell me, vhere I find me a lawyer?” In broken accents, these words came to me from a German laborer who stepped up to me out of five hundred unemployed men who thronged Second Street in the vicinity of the labor bureaus. “I am a lawyer,” I responded; “what is the trouble?” With an amused expression, eyeing closely my blue jeans, he said, “You vas not a lawyer.” “No,” I answered, “I am not a lawyer, but tell me your name, and w

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CHAPTER XVI Tacoma

CHAPTER XVI Tacoma

“The greatest bravery is theirs who humbly dare, and know no praise.” I stood one day on the curbing of the principal street in Tacoma watching the construction of a sky-scraper. Near me stood a man of thirty-five, also watching. In reply to a question of mine concerning the wages of these builders who were taking such fearful risks, he said: “They receive four dollars and a half a day, but one does not have to float in the open air on a steel beam fifteen stories high, only, in order to hold hi

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CHAPTER XVII In Seattle

CHAPTER XVII In Seattle

“There are no bad herbs or bad men; there are only bad cultivators”— Hugo. I shall never forget my first visit to Seattle several years ago. I came from Tacoma by boat. As we rounded the point in the bay the magic city burst into view. It seemed like the work of genii, this mighty commercial gateway to the land of the Alaskan,—a wonderful, beautiful city, solidly, grandly built and in so short a time. It is a miracle of American industry and enterprise. Its citizens have force and power and dete

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CHAPTER XVIII Spokane

CHAPTER XVIII Spokane

“Justifiæ partes sunt non violare homines; verecundiæ non offendere.”— Cicero. “Justice consists in doing no injury to men,—decency in giving them no offence.” “He passed the prison. At the door hung an iron chain attached to a bell. He rang. The door opened. ‘Turnkey,’ he said, politely removing his cap, ‘will you have the kindness to admit me and give me lodging for the night?’ A voice replied, ‘The prison is not an inn. Get yourself arrested and you will be admitted.’” These words were spoken

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CHAPTER XIX Minneapolis

CHAPTER XIX Minneapolis

“I never wear hand-made laces because they remind me of the eyes made blind in the weaving.”— Marie Corelli. The morning of April 19, 1910, found me in Minnehaha Park, Minneapolis, resting on the green moss below the “laughing waters” of Minnehaha Falls. This wonderful spot of nature took possession of my imagination until I was in one of God’s factories, where a thousand creations were coming into life and beauty. The sparkling translucent falls, touched with a silver light, became a marvelous

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CHAPTER XX In the Great City of New York

CHAPTER XX In the Great City of New York

“The day-laborer is reckoned as standing at the foot of the social scale. Yet he is saturated with the laws of the world.”— Emerson. When my investigations on the Pacific coast were over I felt that the strenuous part of my work,—that is the work of coming down to the personal level of destitute men,—was over. But from the South came such an appeal that I was prompted to continue my study at first hand for another year. So late in the summer of 1910, I found myself, a penniless man again, drifti

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CHAPTER XXI New York State—The Open Fields

CHAPTER XXI New York State—The Open Fields

“Every man has something to sell if it is only his arms, and so has that property to dispose of.”— Emerson. Pickle picking had not proved profitable. Continuing my search I found that factory work was out of the question. At all the factories where I had applied the reply had been, invariably, “We have a hundred applicants for every vacancy.” In one, it is true, I might have had work had I been a skillful hatter. But I wasn’t. So I resolved to follow out my original intention of trying the fruit

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CHAPTER XXII The Laborer the Farmer’s Greatest Asset

CHAPTER XXII The Laborer the Farmer’s Greatest Asset

“Letting down buckets into empty wells and growing old with drawing nothing up.”— Cowper. Leaving the Rectory I found myself on the highway, seeking a fortune as a berry picker. I heard rumors that men had actually made a stake at the work,—that is, enough money (by rigid economy) to exist in the destructive slums of a great city during the freezing winter months when there is no work to be had. The roads were lined with men and boys seeking work. The long drought had been exceedingly detrimenta

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CHAPTER XXIII Albany—In the Midst of the Fight

CHAPTER XXIII Albany—In the Midst of the Fight

“As long as any man exists there is some need of him. Let him fight for his own.”— Emerson. Between the hours of ten P. M. and midnight the next evening, I found myself (with another down-and-out worker) sitting in the smoking-room of the Albany depot. My momentary acquaintance was an Irishman. Presently another young fellow, whose appearance was indicative of having recently put off a good many meals, came in and sat down near us. The Irishman looked squarely and inquisitively at the new-comer

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CHAPTER XXIV Cleveland—The Crime of Neglect

CHAPTER XXIV Cleveland—The Crime of Neglect

“A servant grafted in my serious trust And therefore negligent.”— Shakespeare. The midnight bell was striking. The great city of Cleveland was going to rest as I rode to my hotel. I, too, was soon resting,—but not sleeping. I was forming a resolution to become absolutely indigent for an extended time. My assumed destitution previously had been of very brief periods, always having money at my hotel or in my pockets for my immediate needs. “What,” I reasoned, “does the man who at any moment can pl

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CHAPTER XXV Cincinnati—Necessity’s Brutal Chains

CHAPTER XXV Cincinnati—Necessity’s Brutal Chains

“There is no contending with necessity, and we should be very tender how we censure those who submit to it. It is one thing to be at liberty to do what we will and another thing to be tied up to do what we must.” I entered the depot and sank wearily into a seat. I felt pretty well and had a clear conscience. Had I not honorably paid my way from Cleveland to Cincinnati instead of trespassing on the property of a mighty railroad company? I found a place to sit down, dropped my head forward and was

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CHAPTER XXVI Louisville and the South

CHAPTER XXVI Louisville and the South

“Kindness is wisdom. There is none in life but needs it and may learn.” Shortly after my arrival in Louisville, Kentucky, true to the promise I made myself in Cleveland, I sent the Navigation Company the cash due them for my passage. I felt exceedingly happy that it could not be said of me that I had stolen my journey. In Louisville, as in every other city of the Union I have visited, I found it very hard work to get employment. I found the white man working for the same wage as the black man, t

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CHAPTER XXVII Memphis—A City’s Fault and a Nation’s Wrong

CHAPTER XXVII Memphis—A City’s Fault and a Nation’s Wrong

“Society must necessarily look at these things because they are created by it.”— Hugo. On my arrival in Memphis I was greeted by a severe storm. Although chilled and almost starving my first desire was to secure my baggage, which I had sent on from Cleveland, and go to a hotel. But there were the conditions of the homeless and needy of Memphis to be studied. Under what more convincing and truthful conditions could I find need in Memphis for the erection and maintenance of a Municipal Emergency H

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CHAPTER XXVIII Houston—The Church and the City’s Sin Against Society

CHAPTER XXVIII Houston—The Church and the City’s Sin Against Society

“Do no wrong, do no violence to the stranger.”— Jeremiah , 22: 3. The weather was bright and cold when I reached Texas. As I walked the streets of Houston I noticed that the police glanced at me suspiciously. Several of them, by their looks, seemed to be weighing my worth. After my arrival in this city, from morning until night I walked its streets in search of work, until compelled by the shadows of the night to seek a free place to rest. During all my earnest endeavors that day the only opport

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CHAPTER XXIX San Antonio—Whose Very Name is Music

CHAPTER XXIX San Antonio—Whose Very Name is Music

“If mankind showed half as much love to each other as when one dies or goes away, what a different world this would be.”— Auerbach. I carried away in memory from San Antonio two pictures,—one of a beautiful, quaint old city, rich in historical lore; a city of winter sunshine, palms and flowers which make it truly “a stranger’s haven”; a picture of welcome and a spirit of kindness even to the homeless unemployed of which I caught glimpses during my brief sojourn in that city, though covered by th

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CHAPTER XXX Milwaukee—Will the Philosophy of Socialism End Poverty?

CHAPTER XXX Milwaukee—Will the Philosophy of Socialism End Poverty?

“Politics rests on necessary foundations, and cannot be treated with levity.”— Emerson. Following Christmas day, December 26, 1911, just at the beginning of the most bitterly cold winter weather our country had known for a great many years, I went to Milwaukee. The city was in the last few months of a Socialist Administration. I wanted to see what it meant to the working classes and especially to that class I was deeply interested in,— the homeless workingman, and at times the destitute, homeles

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CHAPTER XXXI Toledo—The “Golden Rule” City

CHAPTER XXXI Toledo—The “Golden Rule” City

“One of the common people (as Lincoln once humorously said) God must have loved because he made so many.”— Brand Whitlock. Among the things that I found in the “Golden Rule City” of Toledo were these: Four National banks, fourteen State banks, savings banks and trust companies, whose combined resources were over sixty millions. A splendid McKinley Monument built by popular subscription which was completed in one day. A three hundred and fifty thousand dollar Y. M. C. A. A two hundred and twenty-

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CHAPTER XXXII Spotless Detroit

CHAPTER XXXII Spotless Detroit

“How many things shudder beneath the mighty breath of night.”— Hugo. In the midst of the desperate winter of 1911 and ’12 I passed a week among the homeless of Detroit. During my brief stay, there appeared in one of the daily papers the following notice, and a number of similar ones: “Charles Heague, thirty-six, no home, was picked up in the street after midnight by Patrolmen Wagner and Coats. Both hands were frozen.” As in other cities, during the five long months of winter there is in Detroit

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CHAPTER XXXIII CONCLUSION

CHAPTER XXXIII CONCLUSION

“The greatest city is that which has the greatest men and women. If it be a few ragged huts, it is still the greatest city in the world.”— Walt Whitman. As I put aside my pen in this my appeal for the Wandering Citizen, I see on my study table many letters, filled with questions. The following are the most frequently asked: “Is not drink the principal cause of destitution?” “Is the American police system brutal toward the homeless out-of-work man?” “What of the impostor at the Municipal Emergenc

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CHAPTER XXXIV Visions

CHAPTER XXXIV Visions

“Where there is no vision the people perish.” — Proverbs , 29:18. During my social study I was asked by the president of a Charity Board to become an employee of the city Board of Charity and Corrections in a Western city. The Board consisted of three members. The president was a young Presbyterian minister who was just beginning to catch, through the mist of tradition, the light of new things. The other two members of the Board were women, one the daughter of a corporation lawyer, a young lady

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THE FIRST STEP.

THE FIRST STEP.

In every State of the Union, the Legislature should pass a bill giving cities the right, under home rule, to erect and maintain a Municipal Emergency Home. Every city ought to pass an ordinance for the creation and maintenance of such Municipal Emergency Homes, and the budget of the city should contain an appropriation for its maintenance, based on the same reasons on which the appropriation is granted for running the Health Department, Police Department, or any other Department of the Municipal

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THINGS TO AVOID.

THINGS TO AVOID.

A Municipal Emergency Home should not be designed to be a money-making institution, but merely to provide shelter and food for men and women who appear temporarily destitute. If it should appear that those demanding shelter in the Municipal Emergency Home should be afflicted with any physical illness, it should be the duty of its superintendent to transfer such individuals to a hospital ward, which may be a part of the Municipal Emergency Home, or to the city or county hospital where each man or

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A PROTECTION TO SOCIETY.

A PROTECTION TO SOCIETY.

For the present, the Municipal Emergency Home stands, or rather should stand, on the one hand as a link in the chain of governmental institutions, not only as a public policy and agency which supports the individual who either fails in life or is compelled to be one in the ranks of destitute men because of economic conditions, but as an institution wherein one may receive temporary relief under the rights of citizenship. On the other hand, it should stand for the protection of society from the d

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ESSENTIALS TO SUCCESS.

ESSENTIALS TO SUCCESS.

The author believes that there are two factors essential to the success of a Municipal Emergency Home; first, the co-operation of all public departments in the city government, and second, the cooperation of the public itself. When because of politics it has been found difficult to introduce improvements and progressive ideas in a municipality for relieving the temporarily distressed, it has become the custom to recommend religious or private charities for the management of relief-granting insti

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USE OF APPROPRIATION.

USE OF APPROPRIATION.

The people of our cities may expect, and should forcibly demand from its public officials, that the money expended in municipal “charities” should be well adapted, elastic in its application, based upon wise, scientific conclusions, and on a thorough exhaustive experimentation. It is safe to say that New York stands in the front rank as the worst governed city in America. But when such a city creates an appropriation from its public treasury for the maintenance and management of a Municipal Emer

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CO-OPERATION OF THE PUBLIC.

CO-OPERATION OF THE PUBLIC.

If the so-called influential and responsible people of every city would use half the effort they now use in subscribing, managing and advertising private charitable institutions to create a public sentiment so that the city would establish a Municipal Emergency Home with the most modern features, and if they then would continue in an advisory and co-operative relation to it, the writer does not hesitate to express his belief that the advantages, every time, would be on the side of a Municipal Em

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RELATION TO THE HEALTH DEPARTMENT.

RELATION TO THE HEALTH DEPARTMENT.

It is well to bear in mind the fact that a scientifically managed Municipal Emergency Home not only raises the standard of other lodging houses in the city, but to make its influence most effective, the co-operation of the Health Department is absolutely necessary. In fact, the most humane, the most scientific and in all respects the most desirable way to manage a Municipal Emergency Home is through the direct management and supervision of the city Health Department,—never under that of the Poli

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PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS AND THE HEALTH DEPARTMENT.

PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS AND THE HEALTH DEPARTMENT.

All religious, charitable and private lodging houses also should be under a rigid inspection of the Health Department of the city, lest they may become dangerous competitors to a Municipal Emergency Home by undoing the work accomplished by this exemplary institution. Because they can be maintained at a low standard of cleanliness and order, they are sought by the tired, weary, homeless workingman, that is,—when he has the money! No city should ever countenance an uninspected sheltering place whe

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CO-OPERATION OF THE CITY.

CO-OPERATION OF THE CITY.

All public departments, especially the Health Department, Public Works, Legal Department, Labor Department, should co-operate with the Municipal Emergency Home. The Health Department should look after the physical welfare of the city’s guests, the Department of Public Works should aid by giving all able-bodied, willing workers plenty of work on all municipal undertakings, and by paying them the prevailing scale of union wages in the respective industries. The Legal Department should care for and

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EDUCATION OF THE PUBLIC.

EDUCATION OF THE PUBLIC.

As to the co-operation of the great public itself, honest investigators must find the overwhelming advantages in every respect on the side of municipal management. If a city maintains and manages a modern Municipal Emergency Home, charitably-inclined private doners can be cheerfully advised to leave the entire problem to the city. Thus the great many charitable and quasi-charitable institutions that have failed to give relief where relief was most needed will fail to find support. This is exactl

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THE PROBLEM IN OTHER COUNTRIES.

THE PROBLEM IN OTHER COUNTRIES.

It is quite remarkable that the Poor Law in England had its origin in an attempt to meet the problems of the homeless, wandering wage-earner. Yet there, as here, the homeless are rather on the increase, because of unjust social and industrial conditions. Nicholl quotes the following, purely utilitarian statement: “The usual restraints which are sufficient for the well-fed, are often useless in checking the demands of the hungry stomachs.... Under such circumstances, it might be considered cheape

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A WOMAN’S QUESTION.

A WOMAN’S QUESTION.

It has been said that the “tramp” question, the question of the homeless, hungry, wandering wage-earner is a woman’s question. It is. But what made it such? It has been made a woman’s question by the indifference and ignorance of our communities which have made no provisions for men and boys, women and girls, who are hungry and homeless. Women as well as men have represented the conscience of our communities in a poor fashion, in a most dangerous fashion, in a criminal fashion, for they have cre

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THE HISTORICAL VIEW.

THE HISTORICAL VIEW.

Let us look at the matter historically. We find that the mendicant of the Middle Ages stood in much the same relation to the community as the modern “tramp,” the homeless, wandering wage-earner. One existed, and the other exists, because of a certain sentimentality which permits one group of persons to live on the industry of another group. The community giving, in the mediæval days, was centered in the monastery, and since the time of Henry VIII the State has assumed that function. The monaster

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THE LEGAL ASPECT.

THE LEGAL ASPECT.

Rightfully, and legally , in America, the so-called Overseers of the Poor, the Boards of Charities and Corrections, are required to relieve the homeless and destitute at their discretion. In many cities they are fulfilling this duty toward the men temporarily destitute and homeless by graciously permitting them to be sheltered at the insanitary, degrading police stations, to be fed with water concoctions, to sleep in a dark vermin-infested corner from which they are ordered to move on in the mor

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THE MORAL DUTY.

THE MORAL DUTY.

Let everybody then make it his duty to appeal to the civic pride of the women and men of the community. Let the people of the city instruct its Mayor and City Council, or else themselves elect a man or a woman to supervise the management and maintenance of a Municipal Emergency Home of integrity, of resource, a place of sagacious and scientific training. Then, and not until then, will the women of our cities be able to shut their doors, the men their pockets, and point with pride to the Municipa

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WHAT A TWENTIETH CENTURY MUNICIPAL EMERGENCY HOME SHOULD BE

WHAT A TWENTIETH CENTURY MUNICIPAL EMERGENCY HOME SHOULD BE

In the following pages, the author wishes to give in detail the chief aims, objects and principles upon which a model Twentieth Century Municipal Emergency Home should be maintained: I. It should provide, free under humane and sanitary conditions, food, lodging and bath, with definite direction for such immediate relief as is needed for any man or boy, woman or girl, or even families, stranded in the city where located, as well as for the convalescent from the hospital. It should be able to give

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