History Of Rome - free ebook by Cassius Dio

AND

HERBERT BALDWIN FOSTER, A.B. (Harvard), Ph. D. (Johns Hopkins), Acting Professor of Greek in Lehigh University Extant Books 52-60 (B.C. 29-A.D. 54). 1905...

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AND

HERBERT BALDWIN FOSTER, A.B. (Harvard), Ph.D. (Johns Hopkins), Acting Professor of Greek in Lehigh University SECOND VOLUME Extant Books 36-44 (B.C. 69-44) . 1905...

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NOW PRESENTED IN ENGLISH FORM BY

HERBERT BALDWIN FOSTER, A.B. (Harvard), Ph.D. (Johns Hopkins), Acting Professor of Greek in Lehigh University...

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AN HISTORICAL NARRATIVE ORIGINALLY COMPOSED IN GREEK DURING THE REIGNS OF SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS, GETA AND CARACALLA, MACRINUS, ELAGABALUS AND ALEXANDER SEVERUS: AND NOW PRESENTED IN ENGLISH FORM BY

A.B. (Harvard), Ph.D. (Johns Hopkins), Acting Professor of Greek in Lehigh University...

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NOW PRESENTED IN ENGLISH FORM BY

HERBERT BALDWIN FOSTER, A.B. (Harvard), Ph.D. (Johns Hopkins), Acting Professor of Greek in Lehigh University THIRD VOLUME Extant Books 45-51 (B.C. 44-29) . 1906...

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SIXTH VOLUME

I. Books 77-80 (A.D. 211-229). II. Fragments of Books 1-21 (Melber's Arrangement). III. Glossary of Latin Terms. IV. General Index. 1905 77 Antoninus begins his reign by having various persons assassinated, among them his brother Geta (chapters 1-3). Cruelty of Antoninus toward Papinianus, Cilo, and others (chapters 4-6). Antoninus as emulator of Alexander of Macedon (chapters 7, 8). His levies and extravagance (chapters 9-11). His treachery toward Abgarus of Osrhoene, toward the Armenian king,

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DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

52 The following is contained in the Fifty-second of Dio's Rome: How Cæsar formed a plan to lay aside his sovereignty (chapters 1-40). How he began to be called emperor (chapters 41-43). Duration of time, the remainder of the consulship of Cæsar (5th) and Sextus Apuleius. (B.C. 29 = a. u. 725.)...

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FIRST VOLUME

Gleanings from the Lost Books I. The Epitome of Books 1-21 arranged by Ioannes Zonaras, Soldier and Secretary, in the Monastery of Mt. Athos, about 1130 A.D. II. Fragments of Books 22-35. TROY NEW YORK PAFRAETS BOOK COMPANY 1905 Copyright 1905 PAFRAETS BOOK COMPANY Troy New York To My Friend Teacher and Inspirer Mr. Gildersleeve of Baltimore Who Has Won to the Age of Greek Lore even as to the Youth of Greek Life I Offer a Redundant Tribute...

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DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

36 Metellus subdues Crete by force (chapters 1, 2)[1] Mithridates and Tigranes renew the war (chapter 3). Lucullus does not take advantage of his victory: a successor is appointed: he captures Tigranocerta (chapter 4). Arsaces, the Parthian, lends aid to neither party (chapter 5). Lucullus, after a rather disastrous conflict, besieges and captures Nisibis (chapters 6-8). Meanwhile he loses the Armenias: Fabius is conquered (chapters 10, 11). Triarius follows Mithridates to Comana: is afterwards

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(BOOK 45, BOSSEVAIN.)

[B.C. 44 ( a. u .710)] [-1-] This was Antony's course of procedure.—Gaius Octavius Copia,—this was the name of the son of Caesar's niece, Attia,—came from Velitrae in the Volscian country, and having been left without a protector by the death of his father Octavius he was brought up in the house of his mother and her husband, Lucius Philippus, but on attaining maturity spent his time with Caesar. The latter, who was childless, based great hopes upon him and was devoted to him, intending to leave

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(BOOK 52, BOISSEVAIN)

[-1-] My record has so far stated what the Romans both did and endured for seven hundred and twenty-five years under the monarchy, as a democracy, and beneath the rule of a few. After this they reverted to nothing more nor less than a state of monarchy again, although Cæsar had a plan to lay down his arms and entrust affairs to the senate and the populace. He held a consultation on the subject with Agrippa and Mæcenas, to whom he communicated all his secrets. Agrippa, first of the two, answered

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DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

37 The following is contained in the Thirty-seventh of Dio's Rome: I How Pompey fought against the Asiatic Iberians (chapters 1-7). How Pompey annexed Pontus to Bithynia: how Pompey brought Syria and Phoenicia under his sway (chapters 8, 9). How Mithridates died (chapters 10-14). About the Jews (chapters 15-19). How Pompey after settling affairs in Asia returned to Rome (chapters 20-23). About Cicero and Catiline and their transactions (chapters 24-42). About Caesar and Pompey and Crassus and th

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(BOOK 46, BOISSAVAIN)

[B.C. 43 ( a. u . 711) ] [-1-] When Cicero had finished speaking in this vein, Quintus Fufius Calenus arose and said:—"Ordinarily I should not have wished either to say anything in defence of Antony or to assail Cicero. I really do not think it proper in such discussions as is the present to do either of these things, but simply to make known what one's opinion is. The former method belongs to the courtroom, whereas this is a matter of deliberation. Since, however, he has undertaken to speak ill

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CONCERNING THE TRANSLATION

Cassius Dio, one of the three original sources for Roman history to be found in Greek literature, has been accessible these many years to the reader of German, of French, and even of Italian, but never before has he been clothed complete in English dress. In the Harvard College Library is deposited the fruit of a slight effort in that direction, a diminutive volume dated two centuries back, the title page of which (agog with queer italics) reads as follows: THE HISTORY OF DION CASSIUS ABBRIDG'D

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DURATION OF TIME.

Q. Epidius Rufus Lollianus Gentianus, Pomponius Bassus (A.D. 211 = a. u. 964 = First of Antoninus, from Feb. 4th). C. Iulius Asper (II), C. Iulius Asper. (A.D. 212 = a.u. 965 = Second of Antoninus.) Antoninus Aug. (IV), D. Coelius Balbinus (II). (A.D. 213 = a.u. 966 = Third of Antoninus.) Silius Messala, Sabinus. (A.D. 214 = a.u. 967 = Fourth of Antoninus.) Lætus (II), Cerealis. (A.D. 215 = a.u. 968 = Fifth of Antoninus.) C. Attius Sabinus (II), Cornelius Annullinus. (A.D. 216 = a.u. 969 = Sixth

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CONCERNING THE ORIGINAL.

Cassius Dio Cocceianus, Roman senator and prætor, when about forty years of age delivered himself of a pamphlet describing the dreams and omens that had led the general Septimius Severus to hope for the imperial office which he actually secured. One evening there came to the author a note of thanks from the prince; and the temporary satisfaction of the recipient was continued in his dreams, wherein his guiding angel seemed to urge him to write a detailed account of the reign of the unworthy Comm

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(BOOK 47, BOISSEVAIN.)

[B.C. 43 ( a. u. 711)] [-1-] After forming these compacts and taking mutual oaths they hastened to Rome under the assumption that they were all going to rule on equal terms, but each one had the intention of getting the entire power himself. Yet they had learned in advance very clearly before this, but most plainly at this time, what would be the future. In the case of Lepidus a serpent coiled about a centurion's sword and a wolf that entered his camp and his tent while he was eating dinner and

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(BOOK 53, BOISSEVAIN.)

[B.C. 28 ( a. u. 726)] [-1-] The following year Cæsar held office for the sixth time and did everything according to the usage approved from very early times, delivering to Agrippa his colleague the bundles of rods which belonged to an incumbent of the consulship, while he himself used the others. On completing his term he had the oath administered according to ancestral custom. Whether he ever did this again I do not know. Agrippa he honored exceedingly, even going so far as to give him his nie

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(BOOK 78, BOISSEVAIN.)

[Sidenote: A.D. 211 ( a.u. 964)] [Sidenote:—1—] After this Antoninus secured the entire power. Nominally he ruled with his brother, but in reality alone and at once. With the enemy he came to terms, withdrew from their country, and abandoned the forts. But his own people he either dismissed (as Papinianus the prefect) or else killed (as Euodus, his nurse, Castor, and his wife Plautilla, and the latter's brother Plautius). In Rome itself he also executed a man who was renowned for no other reason

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DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

38 The following is contained in the Thirty-eighth of Dio's Rome: How Caesar and Bibulus fell to quarreling (chapters 1-8). How Cicero was exiled (chapters 9-17). How Philiscus consoled Cicero in the matter of his exile (chapters 18-30). How Caesar fought the Helvetii and Ariovistus (chapters 31-50). Duration of time, two years, in which there were the following magistrates, here enumerated: C. Julius C.F. Caesar, M. Calpurnius || C.F. Bibulus ||. (B.C. 59 = a.u. 695.) ||L. Calpurnius || L.F. Pi

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DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

78 Antoninus's treacherous campaign against Artabanus, the Parthian (chapters 1-3). Antoninus's death (chapters 4-6). Foreshadowings of his death, and the abuse heaped upon him dead (chapters 7-10). About Macrinus Augustus, and his excellencies and faults (chapters 11-15). His letters and commands to the senate, and other official acts (chapters 16-22). Death of Julia Augusta (chapters 23, 24). Inauspicious signs: peace arranged with Artabanus after submitting to a defeat (chapters 25-27). Upris

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(BOOK 54, BOISSEVAIN.)

[B.C. 22 ( a. u. 732)] [-1-] The following year, during which Marcus Marcellus and Lucius Arruntius were the consuls, the river caused another flood which submerged the City, and many objects were struck by thunderbolts, among them the statues in the Pantheon; and the spear even fell from the hand of Augustus. The pestilence raged throughout Italy so that no one tilled the land, and I think that the same was the case in foreign parts. The Romans, therefore, reduced to dire straits by disease and

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DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

39 The following is contained in the Thirty-ninth of Dio's Rome. How Caesar fought the Belgae (chapters 1-5). How Cicero came back from exile (chapters 6-11). How Ptolemy, expelled from Egypt, sought refuge in Rome (chapters 12-16). How Cato settled matters in Cyprus (chapters 17-23). How Pompey and Crassus were chosen consuls (chapters 24-37). How Pompey's Theatre was dedicated (chapters 38, 39). How Decimus Brutus, Caesar's lieutenant, conquered the Veneti in a sea-fight (chapters 40-43). How

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(BOOK 48, BOISSEVAIN.)

[B.C. 42( a. u .712)] [-1-] So perished Brutus and Cassius, slain by the swords with which they had despatched Caesar. The rest also who had shared in the plot against him were all except a very few destroyed, some previously, some at this time, and some subsequently. Justice and the Divine Will seemed to sweep onward and lead forward to such a fate the men who had killed their benefactor, one who had attained such eminence in both excellence and good fortune. Caesar and Antony for the moment se

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EDITIONS.

A brief list of important editions of this author is appended; the order is chronological. 1. N. Leonicenus.—Italian translation of Books 35 to 60. Venice, 1533. Free, and with many errors. 2. R. Stephanus.—Greek text of Books 35 to 60. Paris, 1548. Work well done, but based on a poor MS. 3. Xylander.—Latin translation of Books 35 to 60, with a brief Latin index. Basle, 1557. This version was made from No. 2. 4. Baldelli.—Italian translation of Books 35 to 60. Venice, 1562. 5. H. Stephanus.—A se

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DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

40 The following is contained in the Fortieth of Dio's Rome. How Caesar for the second time sailed across into Britain (chapters 1-3.) How Caesar turned back from Britain and again engaged in war with the Gauls (chapters 4-11). How Crassus began to carry on war with the Parthians (chapters 12, 13). About the Parthians (chapters 14, 15). How Crassus was defeated by them and perished (chapters 16-30). How Caesar subjugated the whole of Transalpine Gaul (chapters 31-43). How Milo killed Clodius and

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DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

79 Dio's Roman History 79:— About Avitus, called also Pseudantoninus, and the slaughter that he wrought (chapters 1-7). About his transgression of law and how he married the Vestal (chapters 8-10). About Eleogabalus [Footnote: It will be noted that the spelling of this word in the Greek "arguments" of the MSS. differs from that in the Greek text of the same.] and how he summoned Urania to Rome and united her in bonds of wedlock with Eleogabalus (chapters 11-12). About his licentiousness (chapter

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(BOOK 55, BOISSEVAIN.)

[B.C. 9 ( a. u. 745)] [-1-] The following year Drusus became consul with Titus Crispinus, and omens occurred that were not favorable to him. Many buildings were destroyed by storm and thunderbolts, among them many temples: even that of Jupiter Capitolinus and the temple annexed to it were injured. He, however, paid no attention to this and invaded the country of the Chatti, advancing as far as Suebia, conquering the territory traversed not without hardship and vanquishing the troops that assaile

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(BOOK 49, BOISSEVAIN.)

[B.C. 36 (a. u. 718)] [-1-] This happened in the winter when Lucius Gellius and Cocceius Nerva became consuls. Caesar, when his fleet had been made ready and spring set in, started from Baise and coasted along Italy, having great hopes of encompassing Sicily on all sides. For he was sailing thither with many ships and those of Antony were already in the strait. Also Lepidus, though reluctantly, had promised to assist him. His greatest ground of confidence lay in the height of the vessels and the

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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NARRATIVE.

The atmosphere of Dio's Roman History is serious to a degree. Its author never loses sight of the fact that by his labor he is conferring a substantial benefit upon mankind, and he follows, moreover, a particular historical theory, popular at the time, which allows little chance for sportiveness or wit. Just as the early French drama could concern itself only with personages of noble or royal rank, so Dio's ideal compels him for the most part to restrict himself to the large transactions of gove

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DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

41 The following is contained in the Forty-first of Dio's Rome. How Caesar came into Italy, and how Pompey, leaving it, sailed across to Macedonia (chapters 1-17). How Caesar subjugated Spain (chapters 18-37). How Caesar sailed across to Macedonia to encounter Pompey (chapters 38-46). How Caesar and Pompey fought at Dyrrachium (chapters 47-51). How Caesar conquered Pompey at Pharsalus (chapters 52-63). Duration of time, two years, in which there were the following magistrates, here enumerated. L

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( BOOK 56, BOISSEVAIN.)

[A.D. 9 ( a. u. 762)] [-1-] Tiberius returned to Rome after the winter when Quintus Sulpicius and Gaius Sabinus were consuls. Augustus went out into the suburbs to meet him, accompanied him to the Sæpta, and there from a platform greeted the people. Next he performed the ceremonies proper on such an occasion and had the consuls give triumphal spectacles. And since the knights on this occasion with great vigor sought for the repeal of the law regarding the unmarried and the childless, he assemble

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DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

80 Why Dio was not able to relate in detail the history of the reign of Alexander (chapter 1). About Ulpian, Pretorian Prefect, and his death (chapter 2). Undertakings of Artaxerxes the Persian against the Parthians and Romans (chapters 3, 4). Dio's second consulship, his return to his own country, and conclusion of the History (chapter 5). Duration of time eight years, in which the following are enumerated as consuls. Antoninus Elagabalus (IV), M. Aurelius Severus Alexander Coss. (A.D. 222 = a.

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B.—THE WRITER.

Suidas, the lexicographer of the tenth century, who is profitable for so many things, has this entry under "Dio": Dio—called Cassius, surnamed Cocceius (others "Cocceianus"), of Nicæa, historian, born in the times of Alexander son of Mammæa, wrote a Roman History in 80 books (they are divided by decades), a "Persia", "The Getæ", "Journey-signs", "In Trajan's Day", "Life of Arrian the Philosopher". Photius, an influential Patriarch of Constantinople and belonging to the ninth century, has in his

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DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY 50

The following is contained in the Fiftieth of Dio's Rome. How Caesar and Antony commenced hostilities against each other (chapters 1-14). How Caesar conquered Antony at Actium (chapters 15-35). Duration of time two years, in which there were the following magistrates here enumerated: Cn. Domitius L.F.Cn.N. Ahenobarbus, C. Sosius C.F. T.N. (B.C. 32 = a. u. 722.) Caesar (III), M. Valerius M.F. Messala Corvinus. (B.C. 31 = a. u. 723.)...

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CASSIUS DIO.

A. Baumgartner.— Über die Quellen des Cassius Dio für die ältere römische Geschichte. (1880.) F. Beckurts.— Zur Quellenkritik des Tacitus, Sueton und Cassius Dio. (1880.) J. Bergmans.— Die Quellen der Vita Tiberii (Buch 57 der Historia Romana) des Cassius Dio. (1903.) Breitung.— Bemerkungen über die Quellen des Dio Cassius LXVI-LXIX. (1882.) H. Christensen.— De fontibus a Cassio Dione in Vita Neronis enarranda adhibitis. (1871.) A. Deppe.— Des Dio Cassius Bericht über die Varusschlacht vergliche

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DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

42 The following is contained in the Forty-second of Dio's Rome. How Pompey, defeated in Thessaly, took to flight and perished in Egypt (chapters 1-5). How Caesar, following Pompey, came into Egypt (chapters 6-16). How the news about Caesar and Pompey was announced at Rome, and what decrees were passed in honor of Caesar (chapters 17-20). How in the absence of Caesar the population of Rome revolted (chapters 21-33). How Caesar fought and subdued the Egyptians and showered favors upon Cleopatra (

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(BOOK 50, BOISSEVAIN.)

[-1-] The Roman people had been robbed of democracy but had not become definitely a monarchy: Antony and Caesar still controlled affairs on an equal footing, had divided the management of most of them, and nominally considered that the rest belonged to them in common, though in reality they endeavored to appropriate each interest as fast as either was able to gain any advantage over the other. Sextus had now perished, the Armenian king had been captured, the parties hostile to Caesar were silent

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(BOOK 57 BOISSEVAIN)

[A.D. 14 ( a. u. 767)] [-1-] Tiberius was a patrician of good education, but he had a most peculiar nature. He never let what he desired appear in his talk, and about what he said he wished he usually cared nothing at all. Thus his words indicated just the opposite of his real purpose: be denied any interest in what he longed for and urged the claims of what he hated. He would exhibit anger over matters that were very far from arousing his rage and made a show of affability where he was most vex

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CASSIUS DIO

Found in Periodicals for the Twenty Years Preceding the Date of the Present Translation (1884-1904). 1884. —— A review of R. Ferwer . (Die politischen Anschauungen des Cassius Dio.) (Bursian, Jhrb.) H. Haupt. —Dio Cassius. (Yearly Review, continued.) (Rh. Mus., Book 4.) K. Schenkl. —A general review of the advance made in the study of Dio from 1873 to 1884. (Bursian, Jhrb. pp. 277-8; and also pp. 186-194 for 1883.) 1885. U. Ph. Boissevain. —De Cassii Dionis libris manuscriptis (with author's s

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DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

43 The following is contained in the Forty-third of Dio's Rome: How Caesar conquered Scipio and Juba (chapters 1-8). How the Romans got possession of Numidia (chapter 9). How Cato slew himself (chapters 10-13). How Caesar returned to Rome and celebrated his triumph and settled what business remained (chapters 14-21). How the Forum of Caesar and the Temple of Venus were consecrated (chapters 22-25). How Caesar arranged the year in its present fashion (chapters 26, 27). How Caesar conquered in Spa

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(BOOK 57, BOISSEVAIN.)

[A.D. 26 ( a. u. 779)] [-1-] He went away about this time from Rome and never returned to the city at all, though he was ever on the point of doing so and kept sending messages to that effect. [A.D. 27 ( a. u. 780)] Much calamity could be laid by the Romans at his door, since he wasted the lives of men alike for public service and for private whim, as when he decided to expel the hunting spectacles from the city. Consequently some persons attempted to carry them on in the country outside and per

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(BOOK 59, BOISSEVAIN)

[A.D. 37 ( a. u. 790)] [-1-] This, then, is the tradition about Tiberius. His successor was Gaius, son of Germanicus and Agrippina, who was known also, as I have stated, by the nicknames of Germanicus and Caligula. Tiberius had left the empire partly in charge of his grandson Tiberius; but Gaius had his will carried to the senate by Macro and caused it to be declared null and void by the consuls and the rest (with whom he had made previous arrangements) on the ground that the author of the docum

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DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

as conjectured by A. von Gutschmid ( Kleine Schriften , V, p. 561). A. Rome under the Kings (Two Books). Book I, B.C. 753-673. Book II, B.C. 672-510. B. Rome under a Republic (Thirty-nine Books). a.) To the End of the Second Punic War (Fifteen Books.) 1.) To the Beginning of the Second Samnite War (Five Books): Book III, B.C. 509. Book IV, B.C. 508-493. Book V, B.C. 493-449. Book VI, B.C. 449-390. Book VII, B.C. 390-326. 2.) To the Beginning of the Second Punic War (Five Books): Book VIII, B.C

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DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

44 The following is contained in the Forty-fourth of Dio's Rome. About the decrees passed in honor of Caesar (chapters 1-11). About the conspiracy formed against him (chapters 12-18). How Caesar was murdered (chapters 19-22). How a decree was passed that the people should not bear malice against one another (chapters 23-34). About the burial of Caesar and the oration delivered over him (chapters 35-53). Duration of time, to the end of the 5th dictatorship of Julius Caesar, held in company with A

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(BOOK 1, BOISSEVAIN.)

Frag. 1 VII, 1.—Æneas after the Trojan war came to the Aborigines, who were the former inhabitants of the land wherein Rome has been built and at that time had Latinus, the son of Faunus, as their sovereign. He came ashore at Laurentum, by the mouth of the river Numicius, where in obedience to some oracle he is said to have made preparations to dwell. The ruler of the land, Latinus, interfered with Æneas's settling in the land, but after a sharp struggle was defeated. Then in accordance with dre

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(BOOK 60, BOISSEVAIN.)

[A.D. 41 ( a. u. 794)] [-1-] When Gaius perished in the manner described, the consuls despatched guards to every quarter of the city and gathered the senate on the Capitol, where many diverse opinions were uttered. Some favored a democracy, some a monarchy; some were for choosing this man, and others that. Therefore they spent the rest of the day and the whole night without accomplishing anything. Meanwhile some soldiers who had entered the palace for the purpose of making spoil of something or

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(BOOK 2, BOISSEVAIN.)

B.C. 672 ( a.u. 82) VII, 6.—When Numa died leaving no successor, Tullus Hostilius was chosen by the people and the senate. He followed in the footsteps of Romulus, and both welcomed combats himself and encouraged the people to do the same. The Albanians having become the victims of a marauding expedition on the part of the the Romans, both sides proceeded into battle; before they came into actual conflict, however, they effected a reconciliation and both races decided to dwell together in one ci

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(BOOK 4, BOISSEVAIN.)

VII, 13.—The Sabines, however, because of wrath at their treatment, did not keep quiet even through the winter, but overran Roman territory and damaged the forces of Postumius when he was for the second time consul. And they would absolutely have captured him, had not Menenius Agrippa, his colleague, come to his aid. And assaulting them they killed a number, with the result that the rest withdrew. After this Spurius Cassius and Opiter Verginius as consuls made peace with the Sabines. And capturi

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(BOOK 5, BOISSEVAIN.)

VII, 16.—The first revolution of the Romans, then, terminated as described. Many of the neighboring tribes had found in the revolution a hostile incentive, and the Romans with a unified purpose after their reconciliation conducted vigorously the wars which the latter waged, and conquered in all of them. It was at this time that in the siege of Corioli they came within an ace of being driven from their camp, but a patrician, Gnæus Marcius, showed his prowess and repelled the assailants. For this

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(BOOK 6, BOISSEVAIN.)

B.C. 448 ( a.u. 306) When the Romans thus fell into discord their adversaries took courage and came against them. It was in the following year, when Marcus Genucius and Gaius Curtius were consuls, that they turned against each other. The popular leaders desired to be consuls, since the patricians were in the habit of becoming tribunes by transference to their order, and the patricians clung tenaciously to the consular office. They indulged in many words and acts of violence against each other. B

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(BOOK 7, BOISSEVAIN.)

VII, 24.—A certain Marcus Fabius, a patrician, who chanced to be the father of two daughters, betrothed the elder to a Licinius Stolo, much inferior to him in rank, and married the younger to Sulpicius Rufus, who belonged to his own class. Frag. 27 1 now while rufus was military tribune, once when he was in the forum his wife had a visit from her sister. at the arrival of the husband the lictor, according to some ancient custom, knocked at the door. the clatter startled the woman, who was not fa

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(BOOK 8, BOISSEVAIN.)

One of the latter was Lucius Papirius, also called Cursor from his physical condition (he was a very fleet runner) and on account of his practicing running. After this Papirius as dictator with Fabius Rullus as master of the horse was sent out against the Samnites and by defeating them compelled them to agree to such terms as he wished. But when he had resigned his leadership they again arose in arms. They were attacked anew by the dictator Aulus Cornelius, Frag. 33 3 and being defeated made pro

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(BOOK 9, BOISSEVAIN.)

Those to begin the wars were the Tarentini, Frag. 39 1 who had associated with themselves the etruscans and gauls and samnites and several other tribes . These allies the Romans engaged and defeated in various battles, with different consuls on different occasions, but the Tarentini, although they had themselves been the authors of the war, nevertheless did not yet openly present an imposing array in battle. Frag. 39 3 now lucius valerius while admiral wanted to anchor with his triremes off tare

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(BOOK 10, BOISSEVAIN).

B.C. 279 ( a.u. 475) VIII, 5.—During the winter both sides busied themselves with preparations. When spring had now begun, Pyrrhus invaded Apulia and reduced many places by force, many also by capitulation. Finally the Romans came upon him near a city called Asculum and pitched camp opposite. For several days they lingered, rather avoiding each other. The Romans were not feeling confident against men who had once beaten them, and the others dreaded the Romans as persons animated by desperation.

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(BOOK 11, BOISSEVAIN.)

VIII, 8.—From that time the Romans began struggles oversea: they had previously had no experience at all in naval matters. They now became seamen and crossed over to the islands and to other divisions of the mainland. The first people they fought against were the Carthaginians. These Carthaginians were no whit inferior to them in wealth or in the excellence of their land; they were trained in naval operations to a great degree of accuracy, were equipped with cavalry forces, with infantry and ele

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(BOOK 12, BOISSEVAIN.)

"I am one of you, Conscript Fathers, though I be captured times without number. My body is a Carthaginian chattel, but my spirit is yours. The former has been alienated from you, but the latter nobody has the power to make anything else than Roman. As captive I belong to the Carthaginians, yet, as I met with misfortune not from cowardice but from zeal, I am not only a Roman, but my heart is in your cause. Not in a single respect do I think reconciliation advantageous to you." After these words R

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(BOOK 13, BOISSEVAIN.)

B.C. 218 ( a.u. 536) VIII, 21.—In the succeeding year the Romans became openly hostile to the Carthaginians, and the war, though of far shorter duration than the previous one, proved to be both greater and more baneful in its exploits and effects. It was brought on chiefly by Hannibal, general of the Carthaginians. This Hannibal was a child of Hamilcar Barca, and from his earliest boyhood had been trained to fight against the Romans. Hamilcar said he was raising all his sons like so many whelps

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(BOOK 14, BOISSEVAIN.)

VIII, 23.—These things inspired Hannibal with a firm hope, but threw the Romans into a state of profound terror. The Romans divided their forces into two parts and sent out the consuls,—Sempronius Longus to Sicily and Publius Scipio to Spain. Hannibal, desiring to invade Italy with all possible speed, marched on hurriedly and traversed without fighting the whole of Gaul lying between the Pyrenees and the Rhone. As far as the Rhone river no one came to oppose him, but at that point Scipio showed

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(BOOK 15, BOISSEVAIN.)

B.C. 216 ( a.u. 538) Though in these matters they were fortunate, they encountered elsewhere a fearful disaster, than which they never suffered one more terrible either earlier or subsequently. It was preceded by certain portents and the solemn verses of the Sibyl which had prophesied the disaster to them so many years before. Remarkable was also the prediction of Marcius. He also was a soothsayer and it was his rede that, inasmuch as they were Trojans of old, they should be overthrown in the Pl

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(BOOK 16, BOISSEVAIN.)

Frag. 56 35 the romans made propositions to hannibal that both sides should return their prisoners. they did not effect the exchange because they would not receive carthalo, as being an enemy, inside of their walls. and he refused to hold any conversation with them, but immediately turned back in a rage. At this time, moreover, Lævinus made friends with the Ætolians, who were allies of Philip; and when Philip had advanced as far as Corcyra he scared him away again so that the king returned to Ma

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(BOOK 17, BOISSEVAIN.)

Frag. 56 45 IX, 11.— masinissa ranked among the most prominent men: in force and in planning alike he displayed a superiority, as it chanced , where warlike deeds were concerned. He had left the Carthaginians for the Romans as a result of circumstances now to be related. Hasdrubal the son of Gisco was a friend of his and had betrothed to him his daughter Sophonis. Hasdrubal, however, became acquainted with Syphax and perceiving that he favored the Romans did not keep his agreement with Masinissa

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(BOOK 18, BOISSEVAIN.)

As long as the struggle with the Carthaginians was at its height they treated Philip with consideration even if his attitude toward them was not one of friendliness; for they wished to prevent him from consolidating with the Carthaginians or leading an expedition into Italy. But when the previous hostilities had come to a standstill, they did not wait a moment, but embarked upon open warfare with him, which they justified by the presentation of many complaints. Accordingly, the Romans sent envoy

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(BOOK 19, BOISSEVAIN.)

IX, 18.—At this time Flamininus, too, made a campaign against Argos, for the Romans seeing that Nabis was not loyal to them and was a source of terror to the Greeks treated him as an enemy. With an accession of allies from Philip Flamininus marched upon Sparta, crossed Taygetus without effort and advanced toward the city, meeting with no opposition. For Nabis, being afraid of the Romans and suspicious of the natives, did not rouse himself to the point of meeting Flamininus at a distance; but whe

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(BOOK 20, BOISSEVAIN.)

B.C. 179 ( a.u. 575) IX, 22.—Philip, king of Macedonia, had put to death his son Demetrius and was about to slay his other son Perseus, when death overtook him. Because Demetrius had gained the affection of the Roman people through his sojourn as hostage and because he himself and the rest of the Macedonian people hoped that he would secure the kingdom after Philip was done with it, Perseus, who was his elder, became jealous of him and falsely reported him to be plotting against his father. Thus

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(BOOK 21, BOISSEVAIN.)

B.C. 153 ( a.u. 601) IX, 26.—The rattling of dice in the box of Circumstance now announced the final cast in the struggle with Carthage,—the third of the series. The Carthaginians could not endure their subordinate position, but contrary to the treaty were setting their fleet in readiness and making alliances as measures of preparation for war with the Nomads: B.C. 152 ( a.u. 602) and the Romans, having settled other questions to their own satisfaction, did not remain at rest, but by the mouth o

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(BOOK 22, BOISSEVAIN.)

Frag. LXXIII ¶Viriathus was a Lusitanian, of very obscure origin, as some think, who enjoyed great renown through his deeds, for from a shepherd he became a robber and later on also a general. He was naturally adapted and had trained himself to be very quick in pursuing and fleeing, and of great force in a stationary conflict. He was glad to get any food that came to hand and whatever drink fell to his lot; he lived most of his life under the open sky and was satisfied with nature's bedding. Con

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(BOOK 23, BOISSEVAIN.)

Frag. LXXIX B.C. 136 ( a.u. 618) ¶The Romans received the Numantine ambassadors on their arrival outside the walls, to the end that their reception might not seem to imply a ratification of the truce. However, they sent gifts of friendship notwithstanding, not wishing to deprive them of the hope of possibly coming to terms. Mancinus and his followers told of the necessity of the compact made and the number of the saved, and stated that they still held all of their former possessions in Spain. Th

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(BOOK 24, BOISSEVAIN.)

Frag. LXXXII 1. ¶Tiberius Gracchus caused an upheaval of the Roman state,—and this in spite of the fact that he belonged to one of the foremost families (his grandfather being Africanus), that he possessed a natural endowment worthy of the latter, that he had gone through a most thorough course of education, and had a high spirit. In proportion to these great gifts of his was the allurement that they offered to follow his ambitions: and when once he had turned aside from what was best he drifted

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(BOOK 25, BOISSEVAIN.)

Frag. LXXXIV ¶Gracchus had a disposition like his brother; only the latter drifted from excellence into ambition and then to baseness whereas this man was naturally intractable and played the rogue voluntarily and far surpassed the other in his gift of language. For these reasons his designs were more mischievous, his daring more spontaneous, and his self-will greater in all junctures alike. He was the first to walk up and down in the assemblies while he harangued and the first to bare his arm;

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(BOOK 26, BOISSEVAIN.)

Frag. LXXXV B.C. 114 ( a.u. 640) 1. ¶The priestesses for the most part incurred destruction and shame themselves, and proved the source of great evils to numerous others as well, while the entire city because of them was thrown into an uproar. For the people, in view of the fact that what was immaculate by law and sacred by the dictates of religion and decent through fear of vengeance had been polluted, were ready to believe that anything most shameful and unholy might be done. For this reason t

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(BOOK 27, BOISSEVAIN.)

Frag. LXXXVIII ¶Tolosa, which was formerly at peace with the Romans but had revolted, under the influence of hope in the Cimbri, to the extent of imprisoning the garrison, was occupied by them at night: they were admitted unexpectedly by friends and plundered the temples, obtaining much other money besides, for the place had been wealthy from of old, containing among other offerings those of which the Gauls under the leadership of Brennus had once despoiled Delphi. Nothing of importance, however

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(BOOK 28, BOISSEVAIN.)

Frag . XCIII B.C. 99 ( a.u. 655) 1. ¶The son of Metellus besought everybody to such an extent both in private and in public to let his father return from exile that he received the appellation Pius , i.e. dutiful. (Valesius, p. 638.) 2. ¶Furius had such enmity toward Metellus that when he was censor he took his horse away. (Valesius, ib.) 3. Publius Furius, [56] indicted for his deeds committed in the tribuneship, was slain by the Romans in the Comitia itself. He richly deserved to die, for he w

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(BOOK 29, BOISSEVAIN.)

Frag. XCVI B.C. 90 ( a.u. 664) 1. ¶Lupus, [60] suspecting that the patricians making the campaign with him were revealing his plans to the enemy, sent word about them to the senate before he had any definite information, [61] and, as a consequence, although they were in no case well disposed [62] toward each other through factional differences, he set them still more at variance. There would have been even greater disturbance, had not some of the Marsi been detected mixing with the foraging part

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(REMAINS OF BOOKS 30-35, BOISSEVAIN.)

Frag. XCVII 1. ¶Mithridates, when the Roman envoys [63] arrived, did not make the slightest move, but after bringing some counter-charges and also exhibiting to the envoys the amount of his wealth, some of which he had at that time spent on various objects public and private, he remained quiet. But Nicomedes, elated by their alliance and being in need of money, invaded his territory. (Ursinus, p. 386.) 2. ¶Mithridates despatched envoys to Rome requesting them if they deemed Nicomedes a friend to

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