The MediæVal Hospitals Of England - free ebook by Rotha Mary Clay

Read as playlist

The MediæVal Hospitals Of England

Rotha Mary Clay

130 chapters

8 hour read

Read as playlist

Selected Chapters

130 chapters

PREFACE

PREFACE

W HEN the able author of this book asked me to write a Preface to a work on Hospitals, I replied that I must first see the sheets in proof. This was not due to any doubt of the ability of the writer, it was due to some doubt as to the adequacy of the material at her disposal. This doubt has been much more than removed. The mass of the material collected is remarkable. Still more remarkable is the evidence of the very large part played by Hospitals—in the widest senses of the word—in the social l

5 minute read

Read Chapter

LIST OF PLATES

LIST OF PLATES

*Pilgrims’ Hospital, Canterbury [Drawn by J. Raymond, engraved by Cook.] N. view of St. Thomas’, Eastbridge. The windows are those of the chapel, rebuilt circa 1363. 8 III . *St. John’s, Canterbury [Idem.] The chapel exists, but altered. The hall contains charters, alms-box, account-books, etc. 15 IV . *Cloister of St. Giles’, Norwich [Photograph, London and Co. Photo Press.] 24 V . *Harbledown Hospital [Drawn by Nelson, 1766, engraved by Cook.] Church remains, dwellings rebuilt; hall contains a

3 minute read

Read Chapter

Notes — Introduction

Notes — Introduction

“ Founded for the maintenance of poor pilgrims and other infirm persons resorting thither to remain until they are healed of their infirmities. ” “ For the poor, for persons going to Rome, for others coming to Canterbury and needing shelter, and for lying-in women. ” (St. Thomas’, Canterbury.) T HE earliest charitable institutions of England were houses of hospitality. In sketching the development of these guest-houses we must bear in mind that the hospital (derived from hospe

32 minute read

Read Chapter

FIRST PERIOD (circa 925–1170)

FIRST PERIOD (circa 925–1170)

Travellers were exposed to peril by the rudeness of the times, but in those early days hospitality was regarded as a solemn obligation. To receive any stranger was a p002 duty: to welcome the passing pilgrim was a sacred privilege. Although the private entertainment of guests was widely practised, some public institutions were required. Tradition tells of at least two “hospitals” or hospices founded in the tenth century (925–940). Both were in Yorkshire, 3 one being

3 minute read

Read Chapter

SECOND PERIOD (circa 1170–1270)

SECOND PERIOD (circa 1170–1270)

The year 1170 marks an epoch, ushering in the great pilgrimage within and towards England. When the shrine of St. Thomas of Canterbury became the goal of pious wayfarers it was necessary to find accommodation for them. The hospitals of Canterbury and Southwark bearing the martyr’s name were among the earliest. Within a few years such houses (often called Domus Dei ) were founded in most of the southern ports and along the Pilgrims’ Way, as at Dover, Ospringe, and Maidstone. At Strood “the poor,

2 minute read

Read Chapter

THIRD PERIOD (1270–1470)

THIRD PERIOD (1270–1470)

(a) Pilgrimage and Vagrancy. —The greatest century of pilgrimage was past, but vagrancy was an ever-increasing problem, and inasmuch as it affected the social life of England, it affected hospitals, directly or indirectly. In the Statute of Labourers, drawn up in 1350, an attempt had been made to restrain desultory wandering, idleness, mendicancy and indiscriminate almsgiving. This was followed by many ordinances, local and general. By a proclama

3 minute read

Read Chapter

FOURTH PERIOD (circa 1470–1547)

FOURTH PERIOD (circa 1470–1547)

( a ) It is evident that pilgrimage was no longer an important factor in the social life of the country. The daily resort to shrines had practically ceased, but the special anniversaries were kept. Such pious travellers as there were, lodged chiefly in inns. At Glastonbury a Pilgrims’ Inn was built by Abbot John, about the year 1475, to accommodate those visiting the holy places of p010 St. Joseph of Arimathæa and St. Dunstan. A later abbot, Richard Beere, writing to Archbishop Warham to defend

7 minute read

Read Chapter

Notes — Chapter I

Notes — Chapter I

12 Early Eng. Text Soc. Extra Series 22, p. 90. “ Hospitals in cities, boroughs and divers other places . . . to sustain blind men and women . . . and people who have lost their goods and are fallen into great misfortune. ” 13 T HE majority of hospitals were for the support of infirm and aged people. Such a home was called indiscriminately “hospital,” “Maison Dieu,” “almshouse” or “bedehouse.” It was, as in the case of Kingston-upon-Hull, “God’s House . . . to provide a habitation for thirteen p

36 minute read

Read Chapter

(1) ALMSHOUSES IN CITIES

(1) ALMSHOUSES IN CITIES

One of the most ancient hospitals for permanent relief was St. John’s, Canterbury, founded about 1084, and still existing as an almshouse. (Pl. III.) Eadmer tells us that it was intended for men suffering from various infirmities and for women in ill health. The inmates are described as a hundred poor, who by reason of age and disease cannot earn their bread; and again, as a hundred brothers and sisters blind, lame, deaf and sick. It is p016 characteristic that the earliest foundation of this ty

1 minute read

Read Chapter

(2) ALMSHOUSES IN BOROUGHS

(2) ALMSHOUSES IN BOROUGHS

The municipal control of charity is an ancient custom. Before burgesses were called to Parliament, townsmen of Exeter, Northampton, Nottingham and Wallingford were trustees of the hospitals of St. John in those places. The leper-houses of Lynn and Southampton were also early instances of municipal administration. In the reign of Edward I the hospitals in Scarborough were declared to have been “founded by burgesses of the town of old.” During the fourteenth century, if not before, the “keepers” o

1 minute read

Read Chapter

(3) GILD ALMSHOUSES

(3) GILD ALMSHOUSES

The gilds were an important factor in the economy of towns, and their works of piety sometimes included hospital maintenance. St. Cross, Colchester, having been practically disendowed—the advowson was granted to the commonalty in aid of the repair of the town walls—was revived in 1407 as an almshouse under the auspices of St. Helen’s gild. Barstaple of Bristol founded his almshouse for twenty-four poor, (granting the advowson to the mayor and commonalty,) and also a fraternity for himself, his w

1 minute read

Read Chapter

(4) PRIVATE ALMSHOUSES

(4) PRIVATE ALMSHOUSES

In villages, the lord of the manor or squire provided a charity for his retainers, tenants or neighbours. This was done at Arundel, Donnington near Newbury, Heytesbury, Ewelme, Thame, etc. A man who had risen to prosperity occasionally remembered his birthplace in this way, as Chichele did at Higham Ferrers. Although most hospitals were of a general character, some were designed for particular classes of persons, such as homeless Jews, poor clergy, decayed gentle-people, women and children....

21 minute read

Read Chapter

(5) HOMES FOR JEWS

(5) HOMES FOR JEWS

The chief “hospital” for Jewish converts was in London. The inmates were not ailing in health, but they needed succour because they were unable to earn a p020 living, and were cut off from their own families as apostates. Converts were often sent to monasteries for maintenance. The names of almost five hundred, together with the particular houses that received them, are recorded in one roll of 39 Henry III. 16 Special provision for the maintenance of converted Jews was made in 1232, when Henry I

3 minute read

Read Chapter

(6) HOMES FOR POOR CLERGY AND FOR LAY GENTLEFOLK

(6) HOMES FOR POOR CLERGY AND FOR LAY GENTLEFOLK

Diocesan clergy-homes were provided during the thirteenth century in most ecclesiastical centres. At Canterbury, the Archdeacon built (before 1225) the Poor Priests’ hospital (Fig. 4). St. Richard of Chichester began p024 a similar charity at Windeham in his diocese. Walter de Merton designed a small institution at Basingstoke for “ministers of the altar whose strength is failing,” and incurables of Merton College. There were three beds for chaplains at St. Wulstan’s, Worcester, and the Stratfor

2 minute read

Read Chapter

(7) HOMES FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN

(7) HOMES FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN

One of the earliest permanent homes for women was St. Katharine’s-by-the-Tower, London. The sisters of St. John’s, Reading, are described as “certyn relygyous p026 women, wydowes in chast lyuyngg in God’s seruyce praying nygt and day.” To provide for fatherless children and widows was part of the design of Holy Trinity, Salisbury. In two hospitals outside Lincoln this particular work was carried on. Originally served by the Gilbertine Order, they became entirely eleemosynary institutions under t

5 minute read

Read Chapter

Notes — Chapter II

Notes — Chapter II

22 Char. Com. Rep., xxxii. vi. 472....

5 minute read

Read Chapter

Note — Chapter III

Note — Chapter III

“ For the relief of divers persons smitten with this sickness and destitute and walking at large within the realm. ” 23 (Holloway, 1473.) O N the outskirts of a town seven hundred years ago, the eye of the traveller would have been caught by a well-known landmark—a group of cottages with an adjoining chapel, clustering round a green enclosure. At a glance he would recognize it as the lazar-house, and would prepare to throw an alms to the crippled and disfigured representative of the community. I

2 minute read

Read Chapter

(a) Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries

(a) Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries

Leprosy was rampant during the Norman period. By a happy providence, charity was quickened simultaneously by the religious movement which illuminated a dark age, so that the need was met. Two leper-houses were rivals in point of antiquity, namely, Rochester and Harbledown, both founded before 1100. These were followed (before 1135) by foundations at Alkmonton, Whitby, London, Lincoln, Colchester, Norwich, Newark, Peterborough, Oxford, Newcastle, Wilton, St. Alban’s, Bury, Warwick. Within the nex

41 minute read

Read Chapter

(b) Fourteenth Century (1300–1350)

(b) Fourteenth Century (1300–1350)

During the first part of the fourteenth century, leprosy was widespread, but by no means as common as formerly. Directly or indirectly, testimony is borne to the fact of its prevalence by national laws, by hospital authorities and by the charitable public. In the first place there is the witness of external legislation, which is two-fold. Schemes of taxation refer constantly to lepers ( Rolls of Parliament , 1307–1324). Measures were repeatedly taken for their expulsion from towns. An ordinance

4 minute read

Read Chapter

(c) Fourteenth Century (1350–1400)

(c) Fourteenth Century (1350–1400)

Having discussed that portion of the century which preceded the fateful year 1349, we now inquire to what extent leprosy existed during the fifty years that followed. It is no longer mentioned in legislation, and there are indications that it had come to be regarded chiefly as a question for local government: the Letter Books of the p042 Corporation of London record edicts of expulsion. There are other proofs that the number of sufferers was decreasing. If, for example, the language be compared

2 minute read

Read Chapter

(d) Fifteenth Century

(d) Fifteenth Century

Having admitted that leprosy was steadily declining, so that by the year 1400 it was rare, we are not prepared to echo the statement that its disappearance “may be taken as absolute.” Certain lazar-houses were, indeed, appropriated to other uses, as at Alkmonton (1406), Sherburn (1434), and Blyth (1446). In remembrance of the original foundation, accommodation was reserved at Sherburn for two lepers “if they could be found in those parts” [i.e. in the Bishopric of Durham] “or would willingly com

1 minute read

Read Chapter

(e) Sixteenth Century

(e) Sixteenth Century

Cases of true leprosy were now of rare occurrence. Probably leper hospitals were in the main only nominally such, as a testator hints in 1519, bequeathing a legacy “to every Alms House called Lepars in the Shire of Kent.” But although the social conditions of the country improved during the Tudor period, they were still low enough continually to engender pestilence. When Erasmus visited England, he was struck by the filthy habits which were prevalent; but the avengers of neglect of cleanliness w

3 minute read

Read Chapter

Notes — Chapter IV

Notes — Chapter IV

32 Ecclesiastical Memorials, II, 248. “ From the benefactions and possessions charitably bestowed upon the hospital, the hunger, thirst and nakedness of those lepers, and other wants and miseries with which they are incessantly afflicted . . . may be relieved. ” (Foundation Charter of Sherburn.) W E now turn from leper-asylums to consider the leper himself—a sadly familiar figure to the wayfaring man in the Middle Ages. He wears a sombre gown and cape, tightly closed; a hood conceals his want of

2 minute read

Read Chapter

1. PIONEERS OF CHARITY

1. PIONEERS OF CHARITY

One practical outcome of the religious revival of the twelfth century was a movement of charity towards the outcast. The Lazarus whom Jesus loved became linked in pious minds with that p050 Lazarus ulceribus plenus neglected by men, but now “in Abraham’s bosom,” and the thought took a firm hold of the heart and imagination. Abandoned by relatives, loathed by neighbours, the famished leper was now literally fed with crumbs of comfort from the rich man’s table. The work of providing for “Christ’s

1 minute read

Read Chapter

2. PUBLIC OPINION

2. PUBLIC OPINION

These noble pioneers were doubtless important factors in moulding public opinion. They may often have outstepped the bounds of prudence, but, as one has observed, “an evil is removed only by putting it for a time into strong relief, when it comes to be rightly dealt with and so is gradually checked.” As long as possible the world ignored the existence of leprosy. The thing was so dreadful that men shut their eyes to it, until they were shamed into action by those who dared to face the evil. The

1 minute read

Read Chapter

3. CIVIL JURISDICTION

3. CIVIL JURISDICTION

(a) The Writ for Removal. —The right to expel lepers was acknowledged before it was legally enforced. An entry upon the statute-book may be merely the official recognition of an established custom. The fact that where use and wont are sufficiently strong, law is unnecessary, is illustrated to-day in Japan, where public opinion alone enforces the separation of lepers. At length English civil law set its seal upon the theory of infection by the writ De Leproso Amovendo , authorizing the expulsion

7 minute read

Read Chapter

4. ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION

4. ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION

Although leprosy was a penal offence, only laymen could be cited and dealt with by the king, mayor or feudal lord. Clerks in holy orders had to answer to their bishop. In the case of parochial clergy, the diocesan was responsible for their suspension from office, as stated by the Canon De Leprosis . Lucius III (1181–1185) decreed that they must serve by coadjutors and wrote to the Bishop of Lincoln on this subject. 48 The episcopal registers of Lincoln afterwards record the case of the rector of

1 minute read

Read Chapter

5. EXAMINATION OF SUSPECTED PERSONS

5. EXAMINATION OF SUSPECTED PERSONS

The duty of reporting and examining cases fell to the clergy, doctors, civil officers or a jury of discreet men. (Cf. Fig. 7.) A curiously complicated lawsuit brought into the King’s Court in 1220 relates how a certain man had custody of the children of Nicholas de Malesmeins. When the eldest-born became a leper, his perplexed guardian took the young man to the King’s Exchequer, and before the barons of the Exchequer he was adjudged a leper, and consigned to a hospital. (See pp. 52 , 58 .) In or

4 minute read

Read Chapter

6. TREATMENT OF THE BODY

6. TREATMENT OF THE BODY

Alleviation was sometimes sought in medicinal waters. Here and there the site of a hospital seems to have been selected on account of its proximity to a healing spring, e.g. Harbledown, Burton Lazars, Peterborough, Newark, and Nantwich. In various places there are springs known as the Lepers’ Well, frequented by sufferers of bygone days. Tradition ascribes to bathing some actual cures of “leprosy.” Bladud the Briton, a prehistoric prince, was driven from home because he was a leper. At length he

3 minute read

Read Chapter

7. TREATMENT OF THE SPIRIT

7. TREATMENT OF THE SPIRIT

Disease was sometimes regarded as an instrument of divine wrath, as in the scriptural case of Gehazi. Thus Gilbert de Saunervill after committing sacrilege was smitten with leprosy, whereupon he confessed with tears that he merited the scourge of God. The popular view that it was an expiation for sin is shown in the romance of Cresseid false to her true knight. But except in signal cases of wrong-doing this morbid idea was not prominent; and the phrase “struck by the secret judgement of God” imp

4 minute read

Read Chapter

Notes — Chapter V

Notes — Chapter V

42 Selden Soc., 3, No. 157. 43 Rot. Litt. Claus. 6 John m. 21. 44 Chron. and Mem., 70, i. 95; vi. 325. 45 First Institutes, p. 8a., 135b. 46 Inquisition, cf. Rot. Curia Scacc. Abb., i. 33. 47 Curia Regis Rolls, 72, m. 18 d . 48 Conciliorum Omnium , ed. 1567, III, 700 (cap. 4). 49 Reg. Welton. Cited Vict. Co. Hist. 50 Reg. Stapeldon, p. 342. 51 P.R.O. Early Chancery Proceedings, Bundle 46, No. 158. 52 Close 6 Edw. II, m. 21 d . 53 Close Roll, Rymer, ed. 1710, ix. 365. Translated, Simpson, Arch. E

1 minute read

Read Chapter

FIRST PERIOD (BEFORE 1066)

FIRST PERIOD (BEFORE 1066)

First, there is the shadowy band of Saxon benefactors. Athelstan , on his return from the victory of Brunanburh (937), helped to found St. Peter’s hospital, York, giving not only the site, but a considerable endowment. (See p. 185 .) Among other founders was a certain noble and devoted knight named Acehorne , lord of Flixton in the time of the most Christian king Athelstan, who provided a refuge for wayfarers in Holderness. Two Saxon bishops are named as builders of houses for the poor. To St. O

48 minute read

Read Chapter

SECOND PERIOD (1066–1272)

SECOND PERIOD (1066–1272)

Lanfranc erected the hospitals of St. John, Canterbury, and St. Nicholas, Harbledown; these charities remain to this day as memorials of the archbishop. His friend Bishop Gundulf of Rochester founded a lazar-house near that city. In Queen Maud , wife of Henry I, the bishop found a ready disciple. Her mother, Margaret of Scotland, had trained her to love the poor and minister to them. St. Margaret’s special care had been for pilgrims, for whom she had provided a hospital at Queen’s-ferry, Edinbur

9 minute read

Read Chapter

THIRD PERIOD (1272–1540)

THIRD PERIOD (1272–1540)

Few royal builders or benefactors can be named at this time. Edward I , who, from various motives, set his face like a flint against the Jews, was a beneficent patron to those who were prepared to submit to Baptism; and he reorganized and endowed his father’s House of Converts. His charity, however, was of a somewhat belligerent character and partook of the nature of a crusade. He was always extremely harsh towards the unconverted Jew; his early training as champion of the Cross in the Holy Land

6 minute read

Read Chapter

TOMBS OF FOUNDERS AND BENEFACTORS

TOMBS OF FOUNDERS AND BENEFACTORS

Many benefactors associated themselves so closely with their bedemen that they desired to be buried within the precincts of the hospital. Robert de Meulan, one of the p084 Conqueror’s lords, is said to have founded and endowed Brackley hospital, where his heart was embalmed. His descendant, Roger, Earl of Winchester, a considerable benefactor in the time of Henry III, “ordered a measure to be made for corn in the shape of a coffin, and gave directions that it should be pl

1 minute read

Read Chapter

AIMS AND MOTIVES OF BENEFACTORS

AIMS AND MOTIVES OF BENEFACTORS

It is sometimes asserted that the almsgiving of the Middle Ages was done from a selfish motive, namely, that spiritual benefits might be reaped by the donor. Indeed it is possible that the giver then, like some religious people in every age, was apt to be more absorbed in the salvation of self than in the service of others; but the testimony of deeds and charters is that the threefold aim of such a man was to fulfil at once his duty towards God, his neighbour, and himself. That he was often imbu

6 minute read

Read Chapter

Notes — Chapter VI

Notes — Chapter VI

“ To the master and brethren of the hospital of St. Nicholas, Scarborough.—Request to admit John de Burgh, chaplain, and grant him maintenance for life, as John has been suddenly attacked by the disease of leprosy, and has not wherewith to live and is unable through shame to beg among Christians. ” (Close Roll, 1342.) T HOUGH a visit to a modern infirmary calls forth in us, doubtless, passing thoughts of admiration for the buildings and the arrangements, what draws most of us thither is the bond

1 minute read

Read Chapter

(i) PERSONS MIRACULOUSLY CURED

(i) PERSONS MIRACULOUSLY CURED

In dealing with mediæval miracles it may not unnaturally be objected that we are wandering from the paths of history into the fields of fiction; but it is absolutely necessary to allude to them at some length because they played so important a part in the romantic tales of pilgrim-patients. We shall see that sufferers were constantly being carried about in search of cure, and in some cases were undoubtedly restored to health. This was an age of faith and therefore of infinite possibilities. It w

8 minute read

Read Chapter

(ii) CROWN PENSIONERS

(ii) CROWN PENSIONERS

Leaving the chronicles, and turning to state records, we find that the sick, impotent and leprous were recipients of royal favour. An early grant of maintenance was p099 made in 1235 to Helen, a blind woman of Faversham whom Henry III caused to be received as a sister at Ospringe hospital. Similar grants were made from time to time to faithful retainers, veteran soldiers or converted Jews (who were the king’s wards). Old Servants, Soldiers, etc. —The most interesting pensioners were veterans who

2 minute read

Read Chapter

(iii) INMATES OF SOME LAZAR-HOUSES

(iii) INMATES OF SOME LAZAR-HOUSES

(1) Lincoln Invalids. —Near Lincoln is a spot still pointed out as the “Lepers’ Field.” Formerly it was known as the Mallardry or as Holy Innocents’ hospital. p101 Had one visited this place in the days of Edward I, ten of the king’s servants—lepers or decrepit persons—would have been found there, together with two chaplains and certain brethren and sisters. Thomas, a maimed clerk, was one of the staff, but after thirty years he incurred the jealousy of his companions, who endeavoured to ruin hi

3 minute read

Read Chapter

(iv) SOLITARY OUTCASTS

(iv) SOLITARY OUTCASTS

It must not be supposed that there were no lepers save those living in community. To use the old phrase, there was the man who dwelt in a several house and he who was forced to join the congregation without the camp. To lepers “whether recluses or living together” the Bishop of Norwich bequeathed five pounds (1256). Hermit-lazar and hospital-lazar alike fulfilled the legal requirement of separation. It may be noticed that the service at seclusion implies that the outcast may dwell alone. In earl

3 minute read

Read Chapter

Notes — Chapter VII

Notes — Chapter VII

71 Pat. 20 Hen. III, m. 13; 17 Ric. II, pt. ii. m. 14. 72 H. M. Weber, Metrical Romances , II, 269. 73 R. Henryson, Testament of Cresseid (Bannatyne Club). (a) Infirmary. —The early form of a hospital was that of a church. A picturesque fragment of St. James’, Lewes, is figured in Beauties of Sussex ; 77 the foundations remained within memory, consisting, apparently, of nave, aisles and chancel, the dimensions of the latter being about 34 × 15 feet. From an ancient deed in the Record

45 minute read

Read Chapter

i. HALL WITH TERMINATING CHAPEL

i. HALL WITH TERMINATING CHAPEL

“In the body of the house adjoining the chapel of the Holy Trinity there should be three rows of beds joined together in length, in which the poor and strangers and invalids may lie for the purpose of hearing mass and attending to the prayers more easily and conveniently.” p113 Black. Extant remains (xiii. cent.). Tint. Site of destroyed walls. Dotted lines. Probable arrangement of original buildings. AA. The Chapels. BB. Cubicles. C. Latrines. D. Porch. E. Old Hospital. F. Covered way. C. Latri

4 minute read

Read Chapter

ii. HALL WITH DETACHED CHAPEL

ii. HALL WITH DETACHED CHAPEL

Of a great hall with separate chapel, Dollman cites one instance, St. John’s, Northampton. Here the hospital was a parallelogram, the chapel touching it at one corner, but not communicating with it; another detached building, sometimes called the Master’s House, was probably the refectory. (Plan and details, Dollman; see also T. H. Turner, Domestic Architecture , Vol. III.) From the engraving (Frontispiece) it would seem that the Maison p117 Dieu, Dover, was similarly designed; at the north-east

1 minute read

Read Chapter

iii. GROUP OF BUILDINGS AND CHAPEL

iii. GROUP OF BUILDINGS AND CHAPEL

(a) Leper-house. —Although originally lepers had a common dormitory, the plan began to be superseded as early as the thirteenth century, when a visitation of St. Nicholas’, York, shows that each inmate had a room to himself. The rule at Ilford was that lepers should eat and sleep together “so far as their infirmity permitted.” The dormitory afterwards gave place to tenements. The Harbledown settlement in the eighteenth century is shown in Pl. II, the buildings being named by Duncombe, master and

3 minute read

Read Chapter

iv. NARROW COURTYARD

iv. NARROW COURTYARD

Ford’s hospital at Coventry (Pl. XIII) is placed in a class by itself. This half-timbered house is a perfect gem of domestic architecture. The oaken framework, the elaborately-carved verge-boards of the gables, the varied tracery of the windows, the slender pinnacled-buttresses, alike call for admiration. Entering the doorway, a narrow court (39 × 12 feet) is reached, perhaps the most beautiful part of the building. Each dwelling communicates with the bed-chamber above, and at either end were th

29 minute read

Read Chapter

v. CRUCIFORM PLAN

v. CRUCIFORM PLAN

The ground-plan of the great Savoy hospital was cruciform, which is unusual. It would appear from the p122 following extract from Henry VII’s will, that he himself superintended the architectural design:— “We have begoune to erecte, buylde and establisshe a commune Hospital . . . and the same we entende with Godd’s grace to finish, after the maner, fourme and fashion of a plat which is devised for the same, and signed with our hande.” When completed, this was one of the most notable things of th

4 minute read

Read Chapter

Notes — Chapter VIII

Notes — Chapter VIII

83 Weever, Funeral Mon. , ed. 1767, p. 459. “ It is agreed amongst men of religion that order be observed, because without order there is no religion. ” (Rules of St. John’s, Nottingham.) W E now turn to the inner working of the hospital and inquire how the lives of inmates were ordered. Early charitable institutions were under a definite rule, either that of the diocesan bishop or of the monastic order with which they were in touch. In the Constitutions of Richard Poore of Sarum ( circa 1223),

1 minute read

Read Chapter

1. NOMINATION AND ADMISSION

1. NOMINATION AND ADMISSION

( a ) Appointments to all offices were usually in the patron’s hands. In a few privileged houses (e.g. Dover, Gloucester, Oxford, Cambridge, Norwich) the staff brothers had licence to elect their superior from amongst themselves, and to nominate him to the patron. Officials and inmates alike were admitted by a religious ceremony, of which the vow formed a prominent part. At St. Katherine’s, Bedminster, the following oath was taken before induction by the master:— “I,——, promise perpetual observa

6 minute read

Read Chapter

2. REGULATIONS

2. REGULATIONS

The general rule of poverty, chastity and obedience was supplemented by detailed statutes. (a) Rules concerning Payment and Property. —There are some instances of compulsory payment by statute. If the candidate at Dover satisfied the warden’s inquiries, he might be received into the community after paying 100 shillings, or more if he could. Even then gratuities were expected; half a mark was offered to the warden and half a mark distributed among the brethren and sisters. The entrance fee sounds

9 minute read

Read Chapter

3. PENALTIES

3. PENALTIES

The punishments inflicted by the warden were chiefly flogging, fasting and fines, but he could also resort to the stocks, suspension and expulsion. The regulations of p139 St. Mary’s, Chichester, show the discipline suggested for offenders:— “If a brother shall have a quarrel with a brother with noise and riot, then let him fast for seven days, on Wednesdays and Fridays, on bread and water, and sit at the bottom of the table and without a napkin. . . . If a brother shall be found to have money o

4 minute read

Read Chapter

Notes — Chapter IX

Notes — Chapter IX

“ No more brethren or sisters shall be admitted than are necessary to serve the infirm and to keep the goods of the house. ” (St. John’s, Nottingham.) T HE hospital family varied widely in size and in the arrangement of its component parts, but this chapter, like the preceding, is concerned chiefly with the type of institution which had a definite organization. The establishments for infected persons will first be considered....

24 minute read

Read Chapter

(i) THE LEPER HOUSEHOLD

(i) THE LEPER HOUSEHOLD

(a) The Master. —“The guidance of souls is the art of arts,” says St. Gregory: particularly difficult is the guidance of souls in ailing bodies. Lanfranc realized that men of special gifts should be selected for the care of his Harbledown lepers. He not only arranged to supply all they might need on account of the nature of their illness, but appointed men to fulfil this work “of whose skill, gentleness and patience no one could have any doubt.” The Oxford statutes ordained that the master be “a

6 minute read

Read Chapter

(ii) THE HOUSEHOLD OF THE INFIRMARY AND ALMSHOUSE

(ii) THE HOUSEHOLD OF THE INFIRMARY AND ALMSHOUSE

(a) The Master or Warden, who was also known as prior, custos , keeper or rector, was usually a priest, but occasionally a layman. One of the early masters of St. Mark’s, Bristol, was a knight, Henry de Gaunt, whose mailed effigy remains in the chapel. Crown hospitals were often served by chaplains and clerks, but the appointment of “king’s servants,” yeomen or knights, is noticeable during the fourteenth century. It is rarely recorded that the custodian of the sick was a physician, but the abse

11 minute read

Read Chapter

1. THE SERVICES

1. THE SERVICES

The offices consisted of mass and the canonical hours. All who could rise attended the chapel on bended knees, the bedridden worshipping simultaneously. Even sick people could join in the intercessions; thus the master of St. John Baptist’s, Bath, agreed that the name of a late canon of Wells should be daily recited before the brethren, sisters and poor in the infirmary (1259). (a) The Staff. —In regular hospitals helpers were directed to keep the canonical hours unless reasonably hindered, p159

5 minute read

Read Chapter

2. THE CHAPEL

2. THE CHAPEL

The life of the community centred in the chapel. Of the chaplains at St. John’s, Chester, two served in the church and “the third in the chapel before the poor and feeble sustained in the said hospital.” There were three chapels in St. Leonard’s, York (Pl. XXV), including “St. Katherine in the sick hospital” and “St. Michael in the infirmary.” Henry III was present at the dedication of the Maison Dieu, Dover, 101 and again long afterwards when an altar was consecrated to St. Edmund by Richard p1

4 minute read

Read Chapter

Notes — Chapter XI

Notes — Chapter XI

97 Chron. and Mem., 71, Historians of York , iii. 202–3. 98 Arch. Journ. 1850. 99 Besant, London, Med. Ecc. , p. 256. 100 W. Hunt, Diocesan Hist. , pp. 158–9. 101 Charter Roll 16 Hen. III, m. 19. 102 MS. in Municipal Charities Office. “ Let there be in the infirmary thirteen sick persons in their beds, and let them be kindly and duly supplied with food and all else that shall tend to their convalescence or comfort. ” (Statutes of Northallerton. 103 ) I N considering the provision for material co

55 minute read

Read Chapter

1. FOOD

1. FOOD

(a) Food for resident pensioners. —There was of course a wide difference between the lot of the ill-fed lazar who lodged in some poor spital dependent upon the chance alms of passers-by, and that of the occupant of a well-endowed institution. At the princely Sherburn hospital, each person received daily a loaf (weighing five marks) and a gallon of beer; he had meat three times a week, and on other days eggs, herrings and cheese, besides p168 butter, vegetables and salt. The statutes laid stress

5 minute read

Read Chapter

2. FIRING AND LIGHTS

2. FIRING AND LIGHTS

The wood necessary for firing was collected from the vicinity by permission of the manorial lord. In Henry III’s charter to St. John’s, Oxford (1234), he granted wood from Shotover “to cook the portions of the poor and to warm the poor themselves.” He also permitted the gathering of faggots for St. John’s, Marlborough, one p172 man going daily for dry and dead wood “to collect as much as he can with his hands only without any iron tool or axe, and to carry the same to the hospital on his back fo

1 minute read

Read Chapter

3. BEDDING

3. BEDDING

In early days, the sick and poor were laid on pallets of straw, but wooden bedsteads were probably introduced late in the twelfth century. A dying benefactor left to the brethren of St. Wulstan’s, Worcester, the bed on which he lay and its covering of bys , or deer-skin (1291). 105 A Durham founder bequeathed money to “amend the beds what tyme they shall happyne to be olde or defective” (1491). A strange civic duty was performed at Sandwich. It was customary for the mayor and townsmen, as p173 “

1 minute read

Read Chapter

4. TOILET

4. TOILET

Bathing and laundry arrangements are occasionally mentioned. The regulations for the Sherburn lepers direct a strict attention to cleanliness. Two bath-tubs ( cunæ ad balneandum ) were supplied; heads were washed weekly; and two laundresses washed the personal clothing twice a week. In the fifteenth-century statutes of Higham Ferrers matters of health and toilet are detailed. None might be received “but such as were clean men of their bodies”; and if taken ill, a bedeman was removed until his re

1 minute read

Read Chapter

5. CLOTHING

5. CLOTHING

(a) The habit of the staff. —The dress worn by the master and his fellow-workers was usually monastic or clerical, but it varied considerably, for the priests might be regulars or seculars, the brethren and sisters religious or lay persons. Occasionally the warden was not in orders; it was directed at St. Leonard’s, York, that “when the master is a layman, he shall wear the habit of the house.” In an ecclesiastical type of foundation, the dress was commonly after the Augustinian fashion, consist

3 minute read

Read Chapter

1. ENDOWMENTS

1. ENDOWMENTS

(a) Endowments in money. —The earliest subscriptions are recorded in the Pipe Rolls, consisting of royal alms p179 ( Eleemosynæ Constitutæ ) paid by the Sheriff of the county from the profits of Crown lands. Three entries in the year 1158 will serve as specimens:— At first sight this seems not to concern hospitals; but a closer examination proves that sums are being paid to sick communities—in fact to lazar-houses. For the lepers of Gloucester dwelt in the suburb of Dudstan, and the infected inm

2 minute read

Read Chapter

2. BEQUESTS

2. BEQUESTS

The money chest, larder and wardrobe were replenished largely by legacies. Amongst the earliest recorded are those of Henry II and his son, William Longespée. Henry left a large sum to religious houses in England and Normandy, and particularly to lepers. Longespée bequeathed cows to lepers in the hospitals of Salisbury, Maiden Bradley and Wilton, as well as to St. John’s, Wilton, and St. Bartholomew’s, Smithfield (1225). Men in humbler circumstances were likewise generous. A certain William de P

1 minute read

Read Chapter

3. PROFITS BY TRADING

3. PROFITS BY TRADING

The fair was a great institution in mediæval England, and the funds of privileged charities were assisted in this way. At Maiden Bradley the leprous women and their prior held a weekly market and an annual fair. The Chesterfield fair was exchanged for a yearly payment of six pounds of silver from the royal Exchequer, which indicates the value set upon it. The most notable hospital-fairs were that of the leper-house near Cambridge (originally held in the close and still held on Stourbridge Common

1 minute read

Read Chapter

4. ADMISSION FEES

4. ADMISSION FEES

A considerable pecuniary benefit accrued to hospitals by the custom of receiving contributions from newly-admitted members of the household. In some cases a benefaction was made when persons were received into a community; thus Archbishop Wichwane as patron granted permission for a certain Gilbert and his wife to bestow their goods upon Bawtry hospital and dwell there (1281). 111 p184...

17 minute read

Read Chapter

5. INVOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS

5. INVOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS

Rates were levied for hospital maintenance on an organized system in some foreign countries. Sometimes a compulsory Hospital Sunday Fund was instituted, one penny being demanded from the richer, one halfpenny from the middle-class, and a loaf from lesser folk. In England, however, the only obligatory support was an occasional toll on produce, perhaps first ordered by the feudal lord, but afterwards granted by custom. The Bishop of Exeter (1163) confirmed to lepers their ancient right to collect

1 minute read

Read Chapter

(6) VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS

(6) VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS

(a) Donations. —At first, freewill-offerings were mainly in kind. The earliest collector whose name occurs is Alfune, Rahere’s friend. While the founder was occupied at St. Bartholomew’s, Alfune was wont “to cumpasse and go abowte the nye placys of the chirche besily to seke and prouyde necessaries to the nede of the poer men, that lay in the hospitall.” It fell on a day that as Alfune visited the meat-market, he came to a butcher whose persistent refusal of help grieved him. After working what

6 minute read

Read Chapter

7. ALMS OF PILGRIMS

7. ALMS OF PILGRIMS

Such visits to hospitals lead to the further consideration of pilgrimage and devotion to relics, which directly affected charity. An indulgence was offered to penitents visiting Yarmouth hospital and the sacred relics therein and giving a helping hand to the poor inhabitants. The Maison Dieu at Dunwich possessed a holy cross of great reputation “whither many resorted to adore it, who bestowed much alms.” When the precious relic was carried away and detained “by certain evil-wishers” connected wi

3 minute read

Read Chapter

Notes — Chapter XIII

Notes — Chapter XIII

116 Soc. de l’Histoire de France, 1851, p. 194. 117 Pilgrimages of Walsingham and Canterbury—Ed. Nichols, 1849, p. 63. “ As to other hospitals, which he of another foundation and patronage than of the King, the Ordinaries shall enquire of the manner of the foundation, estate and governance of the same . . . and make thereof correction and reformation according to the laws of Holy Church, as to them belongeth. ” (Parliament of Leicester.) A TTENTION having been already called to the internal cons

47 minute read

Read Chapter

(i) RELATIONS WITH THE KING AND THE BISHOP

(i) RELATIONS WITH THE KING AND THE BISHOP

The hospitals of England have never been exclusively in the hands of Church or State. The relations which they bore to each may be subdivided under the headings of Constitution, Jurisdiction and Finance. (a) Constitution. —As we have seen, the Church, usually represented by the diocesan bishop, was responsible for the rule and statutes by which a hospital was guided. (b) Jurisdiction. —In the province of administration, visitation and reform, king and bishop played their p195 respective parts. S

2 minute read

Read Chapter

(ii) RELATIONS WITH THE PARISH PRIEST

(ii) RELATIONS WITH THE PARISH PRIEST

Before the foundation of a hospital chapel, special permission was required from the bishop, with a guarantee that it should not interfere with the parochial system. It was necessary clearly to define privileges, lest friction should arise. Grants in civil and ecclesiastical registers include “a chapel, bell and chaplain,” oblations, sepulture and “the cure of souls.” (a) Oblations. —One quarter of the offerings received at St. Katharine’s, Ledbury, was reserved for parochial use. Unless some de

8 minute read

Read Chapter

(iii) RELATIONS WITH MONK, KNIGHT AND FRIAR

(iii) RELATIONS WITH MONK, KNIGHT AND FRIAR

Inquiry must now be made concerning the relation between hospitals and monastic life. Although the religious orders directly influenced certain houses, others were totally unconnected with them. Canon Raine says that St. Leonard’s, York, was more of a secular than an ecclesiastical establishment; he regards it as principally a lay institution, although religion was, of course, a strong element in its working. In this hospital “which is of no order” (says a Papal Letter, 1429) the master might be

1 minute read

Read Chapter

Notes — Chapter XIV

Notes — Chapter XIV

127 Pat. 22 Edw. I, m. 3. 128 Close 32 Edw. I, m. 2 d . 129 Cal. Pap. Reg. vol. v. p. 489. 130 Close 14 Edw. III, m. 13. 131 Pat. 37 Hen. III, m. 17. 132 Chron. &amp; Mem. 4. Monumenta Franciscana , vol. i. p. xxv., from “Mirror.” 133 Chron. and Mem., 97, pp. 301–6. “ Many hospitals . . . be now for the most part decayed, and the goods and profits of the same, by divers persons, spiritual and temporal, withdrawn and spent to the use of others, whereby many men and women have died in great mi

1 minute read

Read Chapter

CHAPTER XV DECLINE OF THE HOSPITALS

CHAPTER XV DECLINE OF THE HOSPITALS

Abuses by Patrons. —On the whole hospitals were well-treated by their patrons. Their first founders especially showed both generosity and care, but in many cases the descendants became indifferent and neglected that careful selection of wardens which would have done much to avert evils. But one of the outstanding grievances against patrons was their claim to “maintenance” free of charge whenever they desired it. They and the official “visitors” p213 sometimes used these institutions as hostelrie

18 minute read

Read Chapter

Notes — Chapter XVI

Notes — Chapter XVI

143 See p. 213. 144 See p. 242. 145 It had been declining for above a century; a Papal Letter (1435–6) states that for fifty years, on account of the diminution of its fruits, etc., there were no brethren in the hospital. 146 Aug. Off., Chantry Certificate 40 (36). 147 Complaint of Roderyk Mors , ch. xiiij. 148 Fabyan, Chronicles , ed. 1811, p. 578. 149 Early Eng. Text Soc., 77. 150 Camden Soc., 1843, p. 166. 151 Stow, Survey of City of Westminster , bk. vi. p. 4. 152 MS. Soc. Antiq. cxxix. f. 2

7 minute read

Read Chapter

SAINTS OF FRANCE

SAINTS OF FRANCE

St. Leonard. —The attitude of France to this hermit-saint was one of deep devotion. Our Norman kings and nobles shared this veneration. Foundations bearing his name at Chesterfield, Derby, Lancaster and Nottingham, had privileges in the adjoining royal forests; and St. Leonard’s, Launceston, was dependent on the Duchy. The hospital at Northampton showed a crown upon its seal, and that of York (re-dedicated to this saint by Stephen) bore the arms of England. St. Leonard’s, Alnwick, was erected on

2 minute read

Read Chapter

SAINTS OF ENGLAND

SAINTS OF ENGLAND

St. Oswald ; St. Wulstan .—One hospital at Worcester “beareth the name of St. Oswald as a thinge dedicate of ould tyme to him.” (See p. 2 .) The foundation of the other is ascribed to St. Wulstan himself. The house grew in importance after the saint’s canonization in the year 1203, which followed a fresh display of miracles at his shrine. The possession of the faithful bishop’s famous staff was disputed between hospital and priory. 162 The common seal shows the patron in the act of benediction,

7 minute read

Read Chapter

Alternative Dedications, etc.

Alternative Dedications, etc.

There is frequently an uncertainty as to the invocation, even with documentary assistance. A Close Roll entry (1214) mentions a foundation at Portsmouth in honour of Holy Trinity, the Blessed Virgin, St. Cross, St. Michael and All Saints. Usually the name is simply “God’s House,” but often St. John Baptist or St. Nicholas. The seal seems to suggest the original designation, for it shows a Cross, with the Divine Hand, a scroll and angels. Again, God’s House at Kingston-upon-Hull was called Holy T

2 minute read

Read Chapter

Notes — Part II Hospital Patron Saints

Notes — Part II Hospital Patron Saints

[Translated from the Manuale ad Usum Insignis Ecclesiæ Sarum , printed in York Manual, &amp;c. , Appendix , Surtees Society, Vol. 63, p. 105 * .] F IRST of all the sick man or the leper clad in a cloak and in his usual dress, being in his house, ought to have notice of the coming of the priest who is on his way to the house to lead him to the Church, and must in that guise wait for him. For the priest vested in surplice and stole, with the Cross going before, makes his way to the sick man’s

1 minute read

Read Chapter

APPENDIX A OFFICE AT THE SECLUSION OF A LEPER

APPENDIX A OFFICE AT THE SECLUSION OF A LEPER

And he comforts him and strengthens him to endure with the words of Isaiah spoken concerning our Lord Jesus Christ:—“Truly He hath borne our griefs and carried our sorrows, yet did we esteem Him as a leper smitten of God and afflicted” [Isa. liii. 4, Vulgate]; let him say also: “If in weakness of body by means of suffering thou art made like unto Christ, thou mayest surely hope that thou wilt rejoice in spirit with God. May the Most High grant this to thee, numbering thee among His faithful ones

5 minute read

Read Chapter

EXPLANATION OF HEADINGS, REFERENCES, SIGNS, ETC.

EXPLANATION OF HEADINGS, REFERENCES, SIGNS, ETC.

i.e. Leper; this denotes the nominal aim of the charity, which was not necessarily confined to lepers. * An asterisk signifies that there are considerable architectural remains (chapel, hall, etc.). † Indicates slight architectural remains (e.g. masonry, windows). ‡ This sign before a dedication-name implies that some endowment exists under that name or the name of the founder. Seal. Denotes that either a matrix or an impression is in existence. A specimen is usually to be found in the British M

1 minute read

Read Chapter

I. BEDFORDSHIRE

I. BEDFORDSHIRE

Town — ‡St. Leonard 1207 Town, Private L Dunstable St. Mary Magdalene 1209 Prior Priory Eaton, 167 nr. Dunstable 1291 Farley, 168 by Leighton Buzzard St. John Baptist 1198 Various 169 Hockcliffe (Occleve) 1227 Various 170 Luton 1287 L St. Mary Magd. (Seal) bef 1377 Stocwell, nr. Bedford St. Mary 171 1232 Toddington ‡St. John Baptist 1443 J. Broughton Locality. Dedication or Description. Date. Founder. Patron. Abingdon ‡St. John B. (Seal) 1280 Abbot Abbey — Abingdon(without) St. Mary Magdalene 13

2 minute read

Read Chapter

II. BERKSHIRE

II. BERKSHIRE

Abbey — Abingdon(without) St. Mary Magdalene 1336 Abingdon *‡Almshouse 172 1441 G. Barbar &amp; J. de St. Helena Gild Childrey ‡Holy Trinity &amp; St. Katharine 1526 W. Fettiplace Donnington, near Newbury ‡God’s House 1393 R. Abberbury Private Fyfield St. John Baptist 1442 J. Golafre Hungerford 1232 King Duchy of Lancaster St. Laurence 1228 L Lambourn ‡Holy Trinity (Seal) 1501 J. Isbury New Coll. Oxford Newbury ‡St. Bartholomew 1215 King 173 Town St. Mary Magdalene 1232 L Reading bef 117

2 minute read

Read Chapter

III. BUCKINGHAMSHIRE

III. BUCKINGHAMSHIRE

— L ( ? ) St. Leonard 175 L Buckingham St. John Baptist 176 c. 1200 St. Laurence 1252 L Almshouse 1431 J. Barton Lathbury St. Margaret 177 1252 Ludgershall 1236 Alien 178 Marlow, Great St. Thomas 179 1384 Newport Pagnell St. Margaret c. 1240 L Newport Pagnell (Bridge 180 ) ‡St. John B. [&amp; St. John Ev.] 181 (Seal 182 ) 1220 J. de Somery Private Newport Pagnell St. Leonard 183 1232 J. de Peynton — Stratford, Stony (without) St. John Baptist c. 1240 L Wendover 1311 Wycombe, High *St. John B

2 minute read

Read Chapter

IV. CAMBRIDGESHIRE

IV. CAMBRIDGESHIRE

— L St. John Ev. (Seal 185 ) xii cent. H. Frost Town, Bishop St. Anne 1397 H. Tangmer L ‡Almshouse 1469 T. Jakenett Ely St. John Baptist 186 1169 Bishop Nigel Bishop, Priory St. Mary Magdalene 186 bef 1240 Bishop Fordham 1279 Priory Leverington St. John Baptist 187 1487 Long Stow St. Mary B. V. 1272 Walter, Vicar Newton-by-Sea St. Mary B. V. 188 1401 J. Colvill Bishop Royston, v. Herts Stourbridge by Cambridge *St. Mary Magd. or St. Cross 189 bef 1172 King Town, Bishop L Thorney 1166 Abbey Whitt

1 minute read

Read Chapter

V. CHESHIRE

V. CHESHIRE

Private L Chester (without) ‡St. Giles 193 ( Seal ) Earl Earldom Chester (without Northgate) ‡St. John B. 194 (Seal) 1232 Earl Randle Earldom and Birkenhead Priory Chester St. Ursula V 1532 R. and T. Smith Denwall in Nesse St. Andrew 1238 Bishop of Lichfield Nantwich St. Nicholas c. 1087 W. Malbank Private St. Laurence 1354 L Locality. Dedication or Description. Date. Founder. Patron. Bodmin St. Anthony 1500 — — — Bodmin St. George 1405 — — — Bodmin St. Margaret 196 — — — — Bodmin(Pontaboye) ‡†S

1 minute read

Read Chapter

VI. CORNWALL195

VI. CORNWALL195

St. George 1405 St. Margaret 196 Bodmin(Pontaboye) ‡†St. Laurence (Seal 197 ) 1302 L Fowey, St. Blaise by Gild Martyn, v. Launceston Helston in Sithney St. Mary M. or St. John Baptist 1411 Archdeacon or Killigrew Knights Hosp. Launceston †St. Leonard (Seal 198 ) 1257 Richard, Earl Earldom or Priory L Launceston Newport by St. Thomas à Becket 199 Liskeard, Menheniot nr. St. Mary Magdalene 1400 Newport, v. Launceston Locality. Dedication or Description. Date. Founder. Patron. Bewcastle “Hospitale

1 minute read

Read Chapter

VII. CUMBERLAND

VII. CUMBERLAND

Caldbeck Hospital House bef 1170 Gospatric Carlisle Priory Carlisle (without) St. Nicholas bef 1201 King Crown, Priory L Carlisle House of St. Sepulchre 200 1251 Carlisle (Castlegate) St. Catherine xvi cent. Keswick, near 201 House of St. John Wigton, near St. Leonard 202 1383 Private L Locality. Dedication or Description. Date. Founder. Patron. Alkmonton or Bentley St. Leonard 203 c. 1100 R. de Bakepuze, Blount Private L Ashbourne 204 St. John Baptist 1251 — — L Castleton or High Peak 205 St. M

1 minute read

Read Chapter

VIII. DERBYSHIRE

VIII. DERBYSHIRE

Private L Ashbourne 204 St. John Baptist 1251 — Castleton or High Peak 205 St. Mary B.V. bef 1330 Peverell Private, Crown Chesterfield, near St. Leonard 1195 Crown, etc. L Chesterfield St. Nicholas 1276 St. John Baptist 1334 Manor L Derby St. Leonard (Domus Dei) 1171 King Crown St. Helen c. 1160 R. de Ferrers — St. James [&amp; St. Anthony 206 ] c. 1140 Waltheof Fitz-Sweyn Darley Abbey St. John Baptist 1251 St. Katherine 1329 Peak, v. Castleton Spondon or Locko ‡St. Mary Magdalene 207 1306 O

3 minute read

Read Chapter

IX. DEVONSHIRE208

IX. DEVONSHIRE208

L Holy Trinity 1410 Clist Gabriel (Farringdon) St. Gabriel the Archangel 209 1276 Bishop Bronescombe Bishop Collumpton Almshouse 1522 J. Trott Crediton †St. Laurence 1242 Manor (Bishop) Exeter (without Southgate) St. Mary M. (Seal) bef 1163 Bishop Bishop, Town L Exeter St. Alexis 210 (Seal) 1164 W. Prodom — St. John B. 211 [&amp; St. John Ev.] (Seal) 1220 G. &amp; J. Long Town, Bishop *‡God’s House 212 1436 W. Wynard *‡St. Katharine 1457 J. Stevyns ‡St. Mary V., Eleven Thousand Virgins &

2 minute read

Read Chapter

X. DORSET

X. DORSET

— Private L Blandford God’s House 219 xvi cent. Bridport St. John Baptist 1240 Town Bridport or Allington St. Mary M. [&amp; St. Anthony] 1232 re-f. W. de Legh Private L Dorchester St. John Baptist 1324 Crown, Eton, etc. Hospital xvi cent. L Lyme †St. Mary B.V. &amp; the Holy Spirit 1336 Rushton, v. Tarrant Shaftesbury ‡St. John B. (Seal 220 ) 1223 Abbey, Crown St. Mary Magdalene 1386 Abbey Sherborne *‡SS. John B. &amp; John Ev. 1437 Bishop, &amp;c. Governors †St. Thomas à Becket

2 minute read

Read Chapter

XI. DURHAM

XI. DURHAM

Private — Darlington, near “Bathele Spital” c. 1195 L Durham St. Leonard 221 c. 1200 †St. Mary Magdalene 1326 J. Fitz Alexander Priory Durham (Silver Street) Pilgrim House 222 1493 Durham v. Kepier, Sherburn Friarside, nr. Derwent †Hospital or Hermitage 1312 Private Gainford 1317 Gateshead Holy Trinity 223 c. 1200 H. de Ferlinton *St. Edmund, Abp. &amp; Conf. 223 c. 1247 Bp. N. Farnham Bishop, Newcastle Priory ‡St. Edmund, K. &amp; M. 224 1315 Bishop Greatham ‡St. Mary B.V. 224 (Seal 225

2 minute read

Read Chapter

XII. ESSEX

XII. ESSEX

— Braintree St. James 1229 Colchester (suburbs) ‡St. Mary Magdalene bef 1135 Henry I &amp; Eudo Abbey L Colchester Holy Cross [&amp; St. Helen] 229 (Seal 230 ) 1235 W. de Lanvalle re-f St. Helen’s Gild — Colchester by St. Katharine 1352 Colchester St. Anne 231 1402 Hedingham, Castle c. 1250 De Vere Hornchurch (Havering) SS. Nicholas &amp; Bernard 1159 Henry II Alien, 232 New Coll. Ox. Ilford, Great *‡St. Mary B.V. [and St. Thomas M.] c. 1150 Adelicia, Abbess Barking Abbey L Layer Ma

3 minute read

Read Chapter

XIII. GLOUCESTERSHIRE

XIII. GLOUCESTERSHIRE

Private — Bristol, without Lawfords Gate St. Laurence bef 1208 Prince John Various 237 L Bristol Frome Bridge †St. Bartholomew 238 bef 1207 Private L(?) Bristol Billeswick *St. Mark (Seal) 1229 Maurice de Gaunt Bristol Bedminster 239 St. Katherine (Seal) 1219 Robert de Berkeley Bristol Brightbow 239 St. Mary M. (Seal) Thomas de Berkeley L Bristol Redcliffe 239 St. John B. (Seal) 1242 King or John Farcey Crown, Town — Bristol Lawfords Gate †Holy Trinity 1396 1408 J. Barstaple Town Bristol Steep

2 minute read

Read Chapter

XIV. HAMPSHIRE

XIV. HAMPSHIRE

L Andover St. John B. 247 (Seal) 1247 Town St. Mary Magdalene 247 1248 L Basingstoke St. John Baptist bef 1240 W. de Merton Merton College Christchurch 248 1318 L Fareham 249 1199 Fordingbridge St. John Baptist 1283 Bishop, St. Cross, etc. Portsmouth *God’s House or St. John B. and St. Nicholas 250 (Seal) 1224 Peter des Roches Bishop Portsmouth by St. Mary M. [and St. Anthony 251 ] 1253 Romsey St. Mary M. and St. Anthony 252 1317 L Southampton (without) St. Mary Magdalene 1173 Townsmen Town, Pri

1 minute read

Read Chapter

XV. HEREFORDSHIRE

XV. HEREFORDSHIRE

W. de Warenne — Hereford ‡St. Ethelbert 1231 Dean and Chapter St. Giles 1250 ‡St. Giles Town L [Holy Ghost 257 &amp;] St. John 1340 Knights Hosp. St. Anthony 1294 Order (Vienne) St. Anne and St. Loye 258 xvi cent. L Ledbury ‡St. Katharine 1232 Foliot, Bishop Dean and Chapter Richards Castle (Blechelowe) St. John &amp; St. Mary M. 259 1397 Locality. Dedication or Description. Date. Founder. Patron. Anstey (Biggin) St. Mary 1325 — — — Baldock (Clothall, by) St. Mary Magdalene 1226 — — L Be

1 minute read

Read Chapter

XVI. HERTFORDSHIRE

XVI. HERTFORDSHIRE

Baldock (Clothall, by) St. Mary Magdalene 1226 L Berkhampstead St. John Baptist 1216 Fitz Piers, Earl of Essex Private; St. Thomas of Acon, London St. John Ev. L St. James St. Leonard St. Thomas M. 260 1317 Broxbourne, v. Hoddesdon Hertford (without) St. Mary Magdalene 261 1287 Hoddesdon SS. Anthony &amp; Clement or St. Laud &amp; St. Anthony (Seals) 1391 L Almshouse xv cent. R. Rich Royston [St. Mary B.V. &amp; St. James or] St. John &amp; St. James 1227 Private St. Nicholas 262

1 minute read

Read Chapter

XVII. HUNTINGDONSHIRE

XVII. HUNTINGDONSHIRE

Earldom, Town — Huntingdon (without 266 ) St. Margaret 1165 King Malcolm ( ben ) Crown (Scotland, England, etc.) L Huntingdon St. Giles 267 1328 Locality. Dedication or Description. Date. Founder. Patron. Bapchild 268 — c. 1200 — — — Blean 268 St. John c. 1200 — — — Bobbing Spital — George Clifford Private L Boughton-under-Blean Holy Trinity 269 1384 Thomas atte Herst — L etc. Buckland, v. Dover Canterbury (Northgate) *‡St. John B. (Seal) bef 1089 Lanfranc Archbishop — Canterbury (Eastbridge) *

4 minute read

Read Chapter

XVIII. KENT

XVIII. KENT

Blean 268 St. John c. 1200 Bobbing Spital George Clifford Private L Boughton-under-Blean Holy Trinity 269 1384 Thomas atte Herst L etc. Buckland, v. Dover Canterbury (Northgate) *‡St. John B. (Seal) bef 1089 Lanfranc Archbishop Canterbury (Eastbridge) *‡St. Thomas M. 270 [and the Holy Ghost] (Seal) c. 1170 Becket, Langton Canterbury St. Nicholas and St. Katharine 271 1293 W. Cokyn *‡[St. Mary B. V. or] Poor Priests’ (Seal) 1225 re-f. S. de Langton Archdeacon ‡St. Mary B. V. 1317 J. Maynard Town

3 minute read

Read Chapter

XIX. LANCASHIRE

XIX. LANCASHIRE

Priory L Clitheroe 287 St. Nicholas 1211 Townsmen Town Cockersand Hospital 288 1184 Hugh Garth — L etc. Conishead Hospital 288 1181 Penington or W. de Lancaster Priory L Lancaster St. Leonard 1189 Prince John Various 289 Almshouse, St. Mary B. V. 1483 J. Gardyner Town — Lathom (Ormskirk) 1500 Sir T. Stanley Preston in Amounderness St. Mary Magd. (Seal 290 ) c. 1177 Honor, Crown L Stydd nr. Ribchester St. Saviour 291 bef 1216 Knights Locality. Dedication or Description. Date. Founder. Patron. Bur

1 minute read

Read Chapter

XX. LEICESTERSHIRE

XX. LEICESTERSHIRE

Order of St. Lazarus L Castle-Donington St. John Ev. 292 xii cent. John Lacy Earldom, Crown — Leicester St. Leonard (Seal) 1199 William of Leicester Earldom, Crown, etc. L ‡St. John Ev. and St. John B. (Seal) 1200 St. Edmund Abp. and Conf. 1250 St. Mary M. and St. Margaret 1329 L *‡Annunciation of B. V. Mary 293 (Seal) 1330 Henry of Lancaster Duchy (Collegiate Foundation) ‡St. Ursula [and St. Catherine] 1513 W. Wigston Lutterworth St. John B.[&amp; St. Anthony 294 ] 1218 Roise de Verdon Priv

3 minute read

Read Chapter

XXI. LINCOLNSHIRE

XXI. LINCOLNSHIRE

— L Boston 295 (without) 1282 Private (Multon 295 ) Carleton in Moreland St. Lazarus 1301 De Amundeville Order of St. Lazarus. Dunston, v. Mere Edenham 296 1319 Elsham by Thornton St. Mary &amp; St. Edmund 297 1166 B. de Amundeville Glanford Bridge (Wrauby) xii cent. Paynell Selby Abbey [Our Lord &amp;] St. John B. 1441 W. Tirwhit Grantham by St. Margaret 1328 Grantham St. Leonard 1428 Grimsby (without) St. Mary M. &amp; St. Leger 1291 L Grimsby St. John 298 1389 Holbeach All Saint

4 minute read

Read Chapter

XXII. MIDDLESEX AND LONDON

XXII. MIDDLESEX AND LONDON

Brentford Syon by Nine Orders of Holy Angels ( Seal ) c. 1447 J. Somerset Fraternity Hackney or Kingsland St. Katherine 305 1334 L Holborn v. London Holloway or Highgate [Holy Jesus &amp;] St. Anthony (Seal 306 ) 1473 W. Pole Crown Hounslow 307 1200 Kingsland, v. Hackney Knightsbridge St. Leonard 308 (Seal) 1485 Westminster Abbey London, 309 Holborn St. Giles 310 (Seal) bef. 1118 Queen Maud Crown, Burton Lazars London West Smithfield *‡St. Bartholomew 311 (Seal) c. 1123 Rahere — London by T

6 minute read

Read Chapter

XXIII. NORFOLK

XXIII. NORFOLK

Bishop — Boycodeswade, v. Cokesford Burnham Overy or Peterstone St. Peter 320 or St. Nicholas 1200 Cheney Choseley St. Lazarus 1291 Burton Lazars L Cokesford 321 St. Andrew c. 1181 Hervey Beleth Cokesford Priory Creak, North (Lingerscroft) St. Mary 322 1221 Robert de Nerford Croxton Domus Dei 1250 Hospital, Thetford Gaywood, v. Lynn Hardwick (S. Lynn) 323 St. Laurence 1327 Private L Hautbois, Great St. Mary (God’s House) 1235 Peter de Hautbois Horning Hospital Hempton (Fakenham) St. Stephen 324

4 minute read

Read Chapter

XXIV. NORTHAMPTONSHIRE

XXIV. NORTHAMPTONSHIRE

Private — Aynho St. James &amp; St. John [or St. Mary &amp; St. James] 1208 Roger Fitz Richard Private, Magd. Coll. Oxford Brackley *St. James &amp; St. John Ap. &amp; Ev. 334 (Seal) c. 1150 Robert Earl of Leicester Brackley (without) St. Leonard (Seal 335 ) 1280 Private L Byfield St. John 336 1313 Cotes by Rockingham St. Leonard 1229 Peterborough Abbey L Fotheringhay Grimsbury, v. Banbury, Oxon Higham Ferrers 337 St. James 338 1163 Ferrers Private Higham Ferrers *‡Bede House 142

4 minute read

Read Chapter

XXV. NORTHUMBERLAND

XXV. NORTHUMBERLAND

Private, Abbey — Alribourn 1331 Private Alwynton 1272 Bishop Philip Bamborough St. Mary Magdalene 1256 Crown L Berwick-on-Tweed 342 St. Mary Magdalene 343 1301 Berwick-on-Tweed God’s House 344 1286 Philip de Rydale St. Edward 345 1246 Bolam 346 St. Mary 1285 Bolton (in Allendale) Holy Trinity or St. Thomas M. (Seal) 1225 Robert de Ros Rievaulx, Kirkham L Capelford by Norham St. Mary Magdalene 1333 Catchburn nr. Morpeth 1282 Roger de Merlay Private Corbridge 1378 L Eglingham, Harehope by 347 1331

2 minute read

Read Chapter

XXVI. NOTTINGHAMSHIRE

XXVI. NOTTINGHAMSHIRE

Archbishop — Blyth (without) ‡St. John. Ev. 353 1226 W. de Cressy Private L St. Edmund 1228 Bradebusk, v. Gonalston Gonalston St. Mary Magdalene 1252 W. Heriz Private Harworth, v. Bawtry Hodsock, v. Blyth Lenton St. Anthony 354 1330 — Alien Priory Newark (without N. gate) ‡St. Leonard 1125 Bishop Alexander Bishop of Lincoln Newark v. Stoke by N. Newark (Milnegate) Almshouse 1466 Newark (Churchyard) Newark (Appiltongate) Nottingham St. John Baptist 1202 Town St. Leonard 1189 L St. Sepulchre 1267

2 minute read

Read Chapter

XXVII. OXFORDSHIRE

XXVII. OXFORDSHIRE

Bishop of Lincoln — New Almshouse 1501 Banbury or Grimsbury 358 St. Leonard bef 1307 L Bicester St. Mary B. V. &amp; St. John B. 359 1355 N. Jurdan Burford S. John Ev. 360 ( Seal ) 1226 Private Great Almshouse 1457 Clattercote in Claydon 361 St. Leonard (Seal) 1166 Bishop, Priory L Cold Norton St. Giles c. 1158 Priory Crowmarsh 362 in Bensington St. Mary Magdalene 1142 Osney Abbey L Ewelme *‡God’s House (Seal) 1437 De la Pole Private Eynsham 1228 Abbey Newnham Murren, v. Wallingford, Berks O

1 minute read

Read Chapter

XXVIII. RUTLAND

XXVIII. RUTLAND

L Oakham *‡St. John Ev. &amp; St. Anne 1398 W. Dalby Private Tolethorpe 369 1301 John de Tolethorpe Locality. Dedication or Description. Date. Founder. Patron. Bridgnorth (without 370 ) “Vetus Maladeria” — — — L Bridgnorth (without) S. James (Seal 371 ) 1224 — — L Bridgnorth St. John Ev. or Holy Trinity, B.V.M. and St. John B. (Seal 372 ) R. le Strange Crown, Lilleshall Abbey — Ludlow Holy Trinity, St. Mary &amp; St. John B. 1253 P. Undergod — — Ludlow St. Giles 373 — — — — Ludlow ‡Almsh

1 minute read

Read Chapter

XXIX. SHROPSHIRE

XXIX. SHROPSHIRE

L Bridgnorth (without) S. James (Seal 371 ) 1224 Bridgnorth St. John Ev. or Holy Trinity, B.V.M. and St. John B. (Seal 372 ) R. le Strange Crown, Lilleshall Abbey Ludlow Holy Trinity, St. Mary &amp; St. John B. 1253 P. Undergod St. Giles 373 ‡Almshouse 1486 J. Hosyer Palmers’ Gild Nesscliff, Great Ness “ St. Mary de Rocherio ” c. 1250 Le Strange Private Newport 374 S. Giles 1337 Newport ‡St. Nicholas 375 1446 W. Glover, etc. Town Oswestry St. John Baptist 1210 Bishop Reyner Haughmond Abbey L

2 minute read

Read Chapter

XXX. SOMERSET

XXX. SOMERSET

Bishop, Prior — Bath Holloway or Lyncomb *‡ [St. Cross &amp;] St. Mary Magdalene bef 1100 Walter Hosate Priory L Beckington Almshouse 1502 Bedminster, v. Glos Bridgwater St. John B. (Seal) 1214 W. Briwere Private St. Giles xiv cent. L Bristol v. Glos. Bruton 380 1291 Croscombe Almshouse 381 xvi cent. Glastonbury *Almshouse (Women’s) bef 1246 re-f. Abbot Beere Abbey *‡St. Mary Magdalene 382 xiii cent. Holloway, v. Bath Ilchester 383 St. Margaret 383 1212 L Ilchester Holy Trinity 1217 W. Dacre

1 minute read

Read Chapter

XXXI. STAFFORDSHIRE

XXXI. STAFFORDSHIRE

Freeford, v. Lichfield Lichfield *‡St. John B. (Seal) Bishop Roger Bishop Lichfield (Freeford) St. Leonard 1257 L Lichfield (Bacon Street) ‡Almshouse 1504 Milley Radford, v. infra Stafford (Forebridge) †St. John B. (Seal 389 ) 1208 Earl Ralph Private Stafford St. Leonard Stafford (Retford) Holy Sepulchre [or St. Lazarus] 1254 L Stoke-upon-Trent St. Loye 390 xvi cent. Tamworth or Wigginton †St. James 1285 P. de Marmyon Private Wigginton, v. supra Wolverhampton St. Mary B.V. 1392 Luson, Waterfall,

3 minute read

Read Chapter

XXXII. SUFFOLK

XXXII. SUFFOLK

L Bury St. Edmunds St. John Ev. (God’s House) 1256 Abbot Edmund Abbey Bury without Eastgate †St. Nicholas c. 1215 Bury without Northgate †St. Saviour 391 c. 1184 Abbot Sampson Bury without Risbygate St. Peter xii cent. Abbot Anselm L etc. Bury at Southgate †St. Petronilla xvi cent. L Bury St. Stephen 392 Clare Almshouse 1462 J. Bingley Dunwich *‡St. James (Seal) 1199 Prince John or W. de Riboff L ‡Holy Trinity or Maison Dieu (Seal 392 ) 1251 Crown Eye (without) ‡St. Mary Magdalene 1329 Town L Go

2 minute read

Read Chapter

XXXIII. SURREY

XXXIII. SURREY

L Croydon ‡St. John Baptist 1443 Ellis Davy Governors Guildford St. Thomas M. 397 (Spital) 1231 Kingston-on-Thames St. Leonard, Domus Dei 1227 King Crown L Newington Butts Our Lady &amp; St. Katherine xvi cent. Reigate St. Mary V. &amp; Holy Cross 398 (Seal) bef 1240 W. de Warenne Sandon by Cobham The Holy Ghost 399 [or St. Mary M.] (Seal 400 ) xii cent. R. de Wateville Bishop; St. Thomas’, Southwark Southwark ‡St. Thomas M. 401 (Seal) bef 1215 Becket, Peter des Roches Southwark (Kent St

3 minute read

Read Chapter

XXXIV. SUSSEX

XXXIV. SUSSEX

Earldom L Holy Trinity or Christ (Seal) 1380 — Battle Pilgrim House, afterwards St. Thomas M. 403 1076 Abbey Bramber (Bidlington) St. Mary Magdalene 1216 Private L Buxsted 1404 W. Heron Chichester *‡St. Mary B. V. (Seal) 1172 William, Dean Dean &amp; Chapter Chichester without Eastgate †‡St. James &amp; St. Mary Magdalene (Seal 404 ) 1202 Bp. Seffrid II Crown L Chichester Loddesdown St. Mary Magdalene Chichester Rumboldswyke Chichester Stockbridge Cookham in Sompting [St. Mary V. &am

2 minute read

Read Chapter

XXXV. WARWICKSHIRE

XXXV. WARWICKSHIRE

Bretford (Wolstan) St. Edmund 413 1180 Turville Private L Coventry St. John B. (Seal) 1175 Archdn. &amp; Prior Priory — Coventry Spon near St. Mary Magd. (Seal 414 ) 1181 Hugh Keveliog Various 415 L Coventry St. Leonard 416 1252 Hospital 417 1370 William Walssh Coventry Bablake *‡Holy Trinity 1507 T. Bonde Gild, etc. Coventry *‡Almshouse 418 1529 W. Ford Henley in Arden re-f 1449 Gild Stratford-on-Avon Holy Cross (Seal) 419 1269 Fraternity Studley W. de Cantilupe Priory Warwick [Holy Ghost 4

1 minute read

Read Chapter

XXXVI. WESTMORLAND

XXXVI. WESTMORLAND

Private, Shap Abbey L Brough under Stanemoor St. Mary V. &amp; St. Gabriel 1506 J. Brunskill Shap Abbey Kendal (Kirkby-in-) 421 St. Leonard 1189 De Ros Private, Conishead Priory L Kirkby, v. Kendal Locality. Dedication or Description. Date. Founder. Patron. Bedwin St. John Baptist 422 — — — — Bradford-on-Avon St. Margaret 423 1235 King Shaftesbury Abbey L Bradford-on-Avon St. Katherine 424 — — — — Bradley, Maiden St. Mary V. [and St. Matthew 425 ] or [St. Lazarus] (Seal) c. 1190 Manser and M

2 minute read

Read Chapter

XXXVII. WILTSHIRE

XXXVII. WILTSHIRE

Bradford-on-Avon St. Margaret 423 1235 King Shaftesbury Abbey L St. Katherine 424 Bradley, Maiden St. Mary V. [and St. Matthew 425 ] or [St. Lazarus] (Seal) c. 1190 Manser and Margery Bisset L Calne, near St. John B. [&amp; St. Anthony 426 ] 1202 Lord Zouche Chippenham St. Laurence 427 1338 Cricklade St. John Baptist 1231 Guarin Bishop of Sarum Devizes 1207 Town Devizes (Southbroom) St. James &amp; St. Denys L Easton Royal 428 1246 Stephen, Archdeacon Private Fugglestone, v. Wilton Heyte

1 minute read

Read Chapter

XXXVIII. WORCESTERSHIRE

XXXVIII. WORCESTERSHIRE

Worcester Priory — Worcester, near ‡St. Oswald 441 bef 1205 Bishop Oswald L Worcester St. Mary 441 1257 Worcester (without) *St. Wulstan 442 (Seal) c. 1085 Bishop Wulstan Bishop Worcester Trinity Hall Almshouses xvi cent. Gild Locality. Dedication or Description. Date. Founder. Patron. Aberford 443 — bef 1454 — — — Allerton, v. Northallerton Bagby 444 — c. 1200 Mowbray St. Leonard’s, York — Bawtry, v. Notts Beverley St. Giles bef 1223 Wulse Abp., Wartre Priory — Beverley in Friary by St. Nichola

9 minute read

Read Chapter

XXXIX. YORKSHIRE

XXXIX. YORKSHIRE

Allerton, v. Northallerton Bagby 444 c. 1200 Mowbray St. Leonard’s, York Bawtry, v. Notts Beverley St. Giles bef 1223 Wulse Abp., Wartre Priory Beverley in Friary by St. Nicholas bef 1286 Town Beverley without Keldgate Bar 1392 L Beverley Crossbridge Holy Trinity 1398 John Ake Beverley Laithgate St. John Baptist 1454 Beverley without N. Bar St. Mary B.V. 1442 Gild, Town Blyth, v. Notts Braceford 445 , nr. Harpham St. Helen bef 1389 Private Bridlington 446 1342 Priory Brompton, Brough, v. Catteri

5 minute read

Read Chapter

UNIDENTIFIED

UNIDENTIFIED

(L) Pat. 1256 ? Kent Cheston St. Erasmus &amp; St. Mary M. 473 Clayhanger Pat. 1253 ? Middlesex Clelecombe 474 St. John Baptist Pat. 1332 Hareford 475 St. Mary Close 1309 Lanford 476 (L) Will 1307 Exeter Diocese Langeford Pat. 1275 Merston, nr. Chelworth St. John Baptist 477 temp. Henry III. Wilts Newenham St. Mary Magdalene(L) Pat. 1256 Newnham Regis, Warwick, or Newnham-on-Severn, Glos. Cf. Newnham Murren, Oxon. St. Mary Magdalene Pat. 1226 St. Margaret Pat. 1332–3–4 “Novus Locus” — Close

14 minute read

Read Chapter

Notes — Appendices

Notes — Appendices

174 In Oxfordshire; cf. Crowmarsh. 175 United 1384. 176 Gervase of Canterbury. 177 Pat. 1252. 178 Under Suntingfield-by-Boulogne; cf. Farley, Beds. 179 Pat. 1384. 180 Cf. “House of lepers by bridge,” Tickfort by Newport (Pat. 1275). 181 Now “Queen Anne’s.” 182 Soc. Antiq. E. II 4 B. 8. 183 Probably Newport, Essex, but one called New Hospital existed c. 1240. 184 St. Giles (Pat. 1228), St. Margaret (Close 1229). Cf. Pat. 1392. St. Gilbert &amp; St. Margaret (Bp.’s Reg. 1368). Or the Loke. 185

17 minute read

Read Chapter

MONOGRAPHS ON HOSPITALS

MONOGRAPHS ON HOSPITALS

Bib. Top. Brit. , II. Ducarel. Durham. Kepier, etc. Surtees Society, Vol. 95. Gretham. Collections, 1770. Kingsthorpe. C. A. Markham. London. Book of the Foundation of St. Bartholomew. Norman Moore. Domus Conversorum. Michael Adler, 1900. Domus Conversorum. Rolls House, etc. W. J. Hardy, 1896. Royal Hospital of St. Katharine. F. S. Lea, 1878. St. Mary Roncevall. James Galloway, 1907. Memorials of the Savoy. W. J. Loftie, 1878. St. Thomas M. of Acon. J. Watney, 1892. Portsmouth. Domus Dei. H. P.

1 minute read

Read Chapter

RECORDS, REGISTERS, ETC.

RECORDS, REGISTERS, ETC.

Ed. A. W. Gibbons. Record Soc. of Somerset. Record Soc. of York (Arch. Assn.), Vols. 17, 23. Surtees Soc. (York Manual, York Wills, Vita S. Godrici , Gray’s Register, Chantry Surveys, etc.) Worcester Historical Society. Ed. J. Willis Bund. City Records of Gloucester. Ed. Stevenson, 1893. City Records of Northampton, II. Ed. J. C. Cox. City Records of Norwich Ed. Hudson and Tingey, 1906. City Records of Nottingham....

20 minute read

Read Chapter

HISTORICAL MSS. COMMISSION

HISTORICAL MSS. COMMISSION

4th R.—Aynho, Blyth, Brackley, Marlborough, Oxford, Romney, etc. 5th and 8th R.—Romney. 6th R.—Bridport, Hythe, Southampton, Winchester. 9th R.—Canterbury, Ewelme. 12th R.—Gloucester. 14th R.—Bury St. Edmunds. 1900, Beverley. 1907, Wells, Exeter....

10 minute read

Read Chapter

COMMISSION FOR ENQUIRING CONCERNING CHARITIES

COMMISSION FOR ENQUIRING CONCERNING CHARITIES

R. vi.—Bath. R. viii.—Northallerton. R. xxxii., Pt. vi.—London: Bethlehem, St. Bartholomew’s, St. Thomas’. Bristol and Glos. Arch., VIII, XVII (Cirencester). E. A. Fuller. Bristol and Glos. Arch., XX (Gloucester). S. E. Bartleet. Clifton Antiq. Club, I (St. Katherine’s Hospital). A. E. Hudd. Clifton Antiq. Club, III (Seals). R. H. Warren. Cumb. and Westm., X (Leper Hospitals). H. Barnes. Arch. Cantiana, VII (Dover), VIII (Canterbury). Arch. Æliana, 1892 (Newcastle). W. H. Knowles. Somerset, XVII

48 minute read

Read Chapter

TRANSACTIONS OF SOCIETIES

TRANSACTIONS OF SOCIETIES

H. Barnes. Arch. Cantiana, VII (Dover), VIII (Canterbury). Arch. Æliana, 1892 (Newcastle). W. H. Knowles. Somerset, XVIII, ii. (Taunton). T. Hugo. W. Salt Arch. Soc., 8 (Stafford). T. J. de Mazzinghi. Sussex, XXIV (St. Mary’s, Chichester). C. A. Swainson. Sussex, LI (St. Mary’s, Chichester). A. Ballard. Wilts, XI (Heytesbury) X, XXVI (Wilton). Yorks, XII (Pontefract). R. Holmes Archæological Essays, II, “On Leprosy and Leper Hospitals,” etc. J. Y. Simpson, ed. John Stuart, 1872. British Arch. As

59 minute read

Read Chapter

ON LEPROSY

ON LEPROSY

Nineteenth Century, 1884, “Leprosy: Present and Past.” Agnes Lambert. Leprosy and Segregation. H. P. Wright, 1885. [Cf. Statuts d’hotels-dieu et de léproseries. Léon Le Grand, 1901. Les Maisons-Dieu et léproseries de Paris. Léon Le Grand, 1898. Un règlement intérieur de Léproserie (Noyon) A. Lefranc, 1889. Danish Lazar-houses (New Syd. Soc.). E. Ehlers, 1901. Die Aussatzhäuser des Mittelalters. E. Lesser, 1896.]...

21 minute read

Read Chapter

Advertisements

Advertisements

“The ‘Antiquary’s Books’ makes an excellent commencement in the first volume. It is in outward respects a shapely demy octavo in scarlet cloth, well printed, illustrated with thirty or forty plates.”— Pall Mall Gazette. “The publishers have been fortunate in securing the services of the Rev. Dr. Cox, one of the most learned and painstaking of antiquaries, as general editor of the series. Antiquarian books too often are as dry as matchwood, but there is no reason why they should be so, and the pr

19 minute read

Read Chapter