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LIFE OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN, SIXTEENTH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.
LIFE OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN, SIXTEENTH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.
CONTAINING HIS EARLY HISTORY AND POLITICAL CAREER; TOGETHER WITH THE SPEECHES, MESSAGES, PROCLAMATIONS AND OTHER OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS ILLUSTRATIVE OF HIS EVENTFUL ADMINISTRATION. BY FRANK CROSBY, MEMBER OF THE PHILADELPHIA BAR. NEW YORK INTERNATIONAL BOOK COMPANY 310–318 Sixth Avenue DEDICATED TO THE GOOD AND TRUE OF THE NATION REDEEMED—REGENERATED—DISENTHRALLED....
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PREFACE.
PREFACE.
An attempt has been made in the following pages to portray Abraham Lincoln, mainly in his relations to the country at large during his eventful administration. With this view, it has not been deemed necessary to cumber the work with the minute details of his life prior to that time. This period has, therefore, been but glanced at, with a care to present enough to make a connected whole. His Congressional career and his campaign with Senator Douglas are presented in outline, yet so, it is believe
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CHAPTER I. BOYHOOD AND EARLY MANHOOD.
CHAPTER I. BOYHOOD AND EARLY MANHOOD.
Preliminary—Birth of Abraham Lincoln—Removal from Kentucky—At Work—Self Education—Personal Characteristics—Another Removal—Trip to New Orleans—Becomes Clerk—Black Hawk War—Engages in Politics—Successive Elections to the Legislature—Anti-Slavery Protest—Commences Practice as a Lawyer—Traits of Character—Marriage—Return to Politics—Election to Congress. The leading incidents in the early life of the men who have most decidedly influenced the destinies of our repub
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CHAPTER II. IN CONGRESS AND ON THE STUMP.
CHAPTER II. IN CONGRESS AND ON THE STUMP.
The Mexican War—Internal Improvements—Slavery in the District of Columbia—Public Lands—Retires to Private Life—Kansas-Nebraska Bill—Withdraws in favor of Senator Trumbull—Formation of Republican Party—Nominated for U. S. Senator—Opening Speech of Mr. Lincoln—Douglas Campaign—The Canvass—Tribute to the Declaration of Independence—Result of the Contest. Mr. Lincoln was early recognized as one of the foremost of the Western men upon the floor of the House. His Congressiona
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CHAPTER III. BEFORE THE NATION.
CHAPTER III. BEFORE THE NATION.
Speeches in Ohio—Extract from his Cincinnati Speech—Visits the East—Celebrated Speech at the Cooper Institute, New York—Interesting Incident. The issue of this contest with Douglas, seemingly a defeat, was destined in due time to prove a decisive triumph. Mr. Lincoln’s reputation as a skillful debater and master of political fence was secure, and admitted throughout the land. During the year ensuing he again devoted himself almost exclusively to professional labors, delivering, however,
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CHAPTER IV. NOMINATED AND ELECTED PRESIDENT.
CHAPTER IV. NOMINATED AND ELECTED PRESIDENT.
The Republican National Convention—Democratic Convention—Constitutional Union Convention—Ballotings at Chicago—The Result—Enthusiastic Reception—Visit to Springfield—Address and Letter of Acceptance—The Campaign—Result of the Election—South Carolina’s Movements—Buchanan’s pusillanimity—Secession of states—Confederate Constitution—Peace Convention—Constitutional Amendments—Terms of the Rebels. On the 16th of May, 1860, the Republican National Convention met at Chic
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CHAPTER V. TO WASHINGTON.
CHAPTER V. TO WASHINGTON.
The Departure—Farewell Remarks—Speech at Toledo—At Indianapolis—At Cincinnati—At Columbus—At Steubenville—At Pittsburgh—At Cleveland—At Buffalo—At Albany—At Poughkeepsie—At New York—At Trenton—At Philadelphia—At “Independence Hall”—Flag-raising—Speech at Harrisburg—Secret Departure for Washington—Comments. Thus matters stood—the air filled with mutterings of an approaching storm—the most filled with a certain undefinable anxiety—the hearts of many fail
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CHAPTER VI. THE NEW ADMINISTRATION.
CHAPTER VI. THE NEW ADMINISTRATION.
Speeches at Washington—The Inaugural Address—Its Effect—The Cabinet—Commissioners from Montgomery—Extract from A. H. Stephens’s speech—Virginia Commissioners—Fall of Fort Sumter. A few days after his arrival in Washington, the President elect was waited upon by the Mayor and other municipal authorities, welcoming him the city, to whom he made the following reply: “Mr. Mayor : I thank you, and through you the municipal authorities of this city who accompany you, for this welcome. An
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CHAPTER VII. PREPARING FOR WAR.
CHAPTER VII. PREPARING FOR WAR.
Effects of Sumter’s Fall—President’s Call for Troops—Response in the Loyal States—In the Border States—Baltimore Riot—Maryland’s Position—President’s Letter to Maryland Authorities—Blockade Proclamation—Additional Proclamation—Comments Abroad—Second Call for Troops—Special Order for Florida—Military Movements. Sumter fell, but the nation arose. With one mind the Free States determined that the rebellion must be put down. All were ablaze with patriotic fire. The traitors a
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CHAPTER VIII. THE FIRST SESSION OF CONGRESS.
CHAPTER VIII. THE FIRST SESSION OF CONGRESS.
Opening of Congress—President’s First Message—Its Nature—Action of Congress—Resolution Declaring the Object of the War—Bull Run—Its Effect. The first session of Congress during Mr. Lincoln’s Administration commenced on the 4th of July, 1861, in pursuance of his call to that effect. The following message was transmitted from the Executive: “ Fellow-Citizens of the Senate and House of Representatives :—Having been convened on an extraordinary occasion, as authorized by the Constituti
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CHAPTER IX. CLOSE OF 1861.
CHAPTER IX. CLOSE OF 1861.
Elation of the Rebels—Davis’s boast—McClellan appointed Commander of Potomac Army—Proclamation of a National Fast—Intercourse with rebels forbidden—Fugitive slaves—Gen. Butler’s views—Gen. McClellan’s letter from Secretary Cameron—Act of August 6th, 1861—Gen. Fremont’s order—Letter of the President modifying the same—Instructions to Gen. Sherman—Ball’s Bluff—Gen. Scott’s retirement—Army of the Potomac. The victory of the conspirators at Bull Run, as was to have been e
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CHAPTER X. THE CONGRESS OF 1861–2.
CHAPTER X. THE CONGRESS OF 1861–2.
The Military Situation—Seizure of Mason and Slidell—Opposition to the Administration—President’s Message—Financial Legislation—Committee on the Conduct of the War—Confiscation Bill. At the time of the re-assembling of Congress, December 2d, 1861, the military situation was by no means as promising as the liberal expenditure of money and the earnest efforts of the Administration toward a vigorous prosecution of the war might have led the people to expect. True, the National Capitol ha
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CHAPTER XI. THE SLAVERY QUESTION.
CHAPTER XI. THE SLAVERY QUESTION.
Situation of the President—His Policy—Gradual Emancipation Message—Abolition of Slavery in the District of Columbia—Repudiation of General Hunter’s Emancipation Order—Conference with Congressmen from the Border Slave States—Address to the same—Military Order—Proclamation under the Confiscation Act. What was to be the final disposition of the question of slavery could not be thrust aside. The intimate connection of this institution with our military operations, was perpetually for
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CHAPTER XII. THE PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.
CHAPTER XII. THE PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.
President’s War Order—Reason for the same—Results in West and South-west—Army of the Potomac—Presidential Orders—Letter to McClellan—Order for Army Corps—The Issue of the Campaign—Unfortunate Circumstances—President’s Speech at Union Meeting—Comments—Operations in Virginia and Maryland—In the West and South-west. Early in 1862 appeared the following: “ Executive Mansion, Washington , January 27th, 1862. [President’s General War Order, No. 1.] “ Ordered , That the 22d day
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CHAPTER XIII. FREEDOM TO MILLIONS.
CHAPTER XIII. FREEDOM TO MILLIONS.
Tribune Editorial—Letter to Mr. Greeley—Announcement of the Emancipation Proclamation—Suspension of the Habeas Corpus in certain cases—Order for Observance of the Sabbath—The Emancipation Proclamation. An editorial article having appeared in the New York Tribune , in the month of August, 1862, in the form of a letter addressed to the President, severely criticising his action relative to the question of slavery—a letter written in ignorance of the fact that a definite policy had alre
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CHAPTER XIV. LAST SESSION OF THE THIRTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS.
CHAPTER XIV. LAST SESSION OF THE THIRTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS.
Situation of the Country—Opposition to the Administration—President’s Message. Dark days for the friends of freedom in this country were those at the close of 1862. Prior to the autumn of that year the elections had shown a popular indorsement of the acts of the Administration. Then came a change. The three leading States—New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania—through manifestations and misrepresentations which it is unnecessary here to detail, had been induced to give majorities against the G
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CHAPTER XV. THE TIDE TURNED.
CHAPTER XV. THE TIDE TURNED.
Military Successes—Favorable Elections—Emancipation Policy—Letter to Manchester (England) Workingmen—Proclamation for a National Fast—Letter to Erastus Corning—Letter to a Committee on recalling Vallandigham. It had been decreed by a kind Providence that the year 1863 was to mark a turn in the almost unbroken line of reverses which the Union army had experienced for some time previous. True, Hooker, who had superseded Burnside in command of the Army of the Potomac, had been signally
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CHAPTER XVI. LETTERS AND SPEECHES.
CHAPTER XVI. LETTERS AND SPEECHES.
Speech at Washington—Letter to General Grant—Thanksgiving Proclamation—Letter concerning the Emancipation Proclamation—Proclamation for Annual Thanksgiving—Dedicatory Speech at Gettysburg. On the evening of the 4th of July, 1863, having been serenaded by many of the citizens of Washington, jubilant over the defeat of the rebels at Gettysburg, the President acknowledged the compliment thus: “ Fellow-citizens :—I am very glad indeed to see you to-night, and yet I will not say I thank y
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CHAPTER XVII. THE THIRTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS.
CHAPTER XVII. THE THIRTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS.
Organization of the House—Different Opinions as to Reconstruction—Provisions for Pardon of Rebels—President’s Proclamation of Pardon—Annual Message—Explanatory Proclamation. Upon the assembling of the Thirty-eighth Congress, December 7th, 1863—that Congress, in the lower branch of which the Opposition had counted upon a majority—the supporters of the Government found no difficulty in electing their candidates for Speaker by a majority of twenty, nor a radical anti-slavery man as Ch
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CHAPTER XVIII. PROGRESS.
CHAPTER XVIII. PROGRESS.
President’s Speech at Washington—Speech to a New York Committee—Speech In Baltimore—Letter to a Kentuckian—Employment of Colored Troops—Davis’s Threat—General Order—President’s Order on the Subject. On the night of the eighteenth of March, 1864, in response to a call from the multitude at a fair held in the Patent Office at Washington, in aid of an organization for the relief of Union soldiers everywhere, Mr. Lincoln spoke as follows: “ Ladies and Gentlemen :—I appear, to say but
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CHAPTER XIX. RENOMINATED.
CHAPTER XIX. RENOMINATED.
Lieut. Gen. Grant—His Military Record—Continued Movements—Correspondence with the President—Across the Rapidan—Richmond Invested—President’s Letter to a Grant Meeting—Meeting of Republican National Convention—The Platform—The Nomination—Mr. Lincoln’s Reply to the Committee of Notification—Remarks to Union League Committee—Speech at a Serenade—Speech to Ohio Troops. In 1864, those grand military combinations were planned and had their commencement which were to give the
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CHAPTER XX. RECONSTRUCTION.
CHAPTER XX. RECONSTRUCTION.
President’s Speech at Philadelphia—Philadelphia Fair—Correspondence with Committee of National Convention—Proclamation of Martial Law in Kentucky—Question of Reconstruction—President’s Proclamation on the subject—Congressional Plan. On the 16th of June, the President was present at a Fair held in Philadelphia in aid of that noble organization, the United States Sanitary Commission, which was productive of so much good during the war, placing as it did, the arrangements for the care a
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CHAPTER XXI. PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN OF 1864.
CHAPTER XXI. PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN OF 1864.
Proclamation for a Fast—Speech to Soldiers—Another Speech—“To Whom It may Concern”—Chicago Convention—Opposition Embarrassed—Resolution No. 2—McClellan’s Acceptance—Capture of the Mobile Forts and Atlanta—Proclamation for Thanksgiving Remarks on Employment of Negro Soldiers—Address to Loyal Marylanders. On the 7th of July the following proclamation for a National Fast appeared: “ Whereas , The Senate and House of Representatives, at their last session, adopted a concurrent re
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CHAPTER XXII. RE-ELECTED.
CHAPTER XXII. RE-ELECTED.
Presidential Campaign of 1864—Fremont’s Withdrawal—Wade and Davis—Peace and War Democrats—Rebel Sympathizers—October Election—Result of Presidential Election—Speech to Pennsylvanians—Speech at a Serenade—Letter to a Soldier’s Mother—Opening of Congress—Last Annual Message. The Presidential campaign of 1864, was, in several of its aspects, an anomaly. The amount of low blackguard and slang dealt out against the Administration, was perhaps to have been expected in a land wher
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CHAPTER XXIII. TIGHTENING THE LINES.
CHAPTER XXIII. TIGHTENING THE LINES.
Speech at a Serenade—Reply to a Presentation Address—Peace Rumors—Rebel Commissioners—Instructions to Secretary Seward—The Conference in Hampton Roads—Result—Extra Session of the Senate—Military Situation—Sherman—Charleston—Columbia—Wilmington—Fort Fisher—Sheridan—Grant—Rebel Congress—Second Inauguration—Inaugural—English Comment—Proclamation to Deserters. As illustrative of the genial, pleasant manner of the President, take the following, in response to a
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CHAPTER XXIV. IN RICHMOND.
CHAPTER XXIV. IN RICHMOND.
President Visits City Point—Lee’s Failure—Grant’s Movement—Abraham Lincoln in Richmond—Lee’s Surrender—President’s Impromptu Speech—Speech on Reconstruction—Proclamation Closing Certain Ports—Proclamation Relative to Maritime Rights—Supplementary Proclamation—Orders from the War Department—The Traitor President. On the afternoon of the 23d of March, 1865, the President, accompanied by Mrs. Lincoln, his youngest son, and a few invited guests, left Washington for an excursion
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CHAPTER XXV. THE LAST ACT.
CHAPTER XXV. THE LAST ACT.
Interview with Mr. Colfax—Cabinet Meeting—Incident—Evening Conversation—Possibility of Assassination—Leaves for the Theatre—In the Theatre—Precautions for the Murder—The Pistol Shot—Escape of the Assassin—Death of the President—Pledges Redeemed—Situation of the Country—Effect of the Murder—Obsequies at Washington—Borne Home—Grief of the People—At Rest. On the morning of Friday, April fourteenth, 1865, after an interesting conversation with his eldest son, Robert
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CHAPTER XXVI. THE MAN.
CHAPTER XXVI. THE MAN.
Reasons for His Re-election—What was Accomplished—Leaning on the People—State Papers—His Tenacity of Purpose—Washington and Lincoln—As a Man—Favorite Poem—Autobiography—His Modesty—A Christian—Conclusion. What shall be said, in summing up, of Abraham Lincoln as a statesman and a man? That from such humble beginnings, in circumstances so adverse, he rose to be the Chief Magistrate of one of the leading countries of the world, would were it in any other country, be evidence o
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SPEECH ON THE MEXICAN WAR.
SPEECH ON THE MEXICAN WAR.
( In Committee of the Whole House, January 12, 1848. ) Mr. Lincoln addressed the Committee as follows: “ Mr. Chairman :—Some, if not all, of the gentlemen on the other side of the House, who have addressed the Committee within the last two days, have spoken rather complainingly, if I have rightly understood them, of the vote given a week or ten days ago, declaring that the war with Mexico was unnecessarily and unconstitutionally commenced by the President. I admit that such a vote should not b
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SPEECH ON INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.
SPEECH ON INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.
( In Committee of the Whole House, June 20, 1848. ) Mr. Lincoln said: “ Mr. Chairman :—I wish at all times in no way to practice any fraud upon the House or the Committee, and I also desire to do nothing which may be very disagreeable to any of the members. I therefore state, in advance, that my object in taking the floor is to make a speech on the general subject of internal improvements; and if I am out of order in doing so I give the Chair an opportunity of so deciding, and I will take my s
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SPEECH ON THE PRESIDENCY AND GENERAL POLITICS.
SPEECH ON THE PRESIDENCY AND GENERAL POLITICS.
( Delivered in the House, July 27, 1848. ) GENERAL TAYLOR AND THE VETO POWER. “Mr. Speaker :—Our Democratic friends seem to be in great distress because they think our candidate for the Presidency don’t suit us . Most of them can not find out that General Taylor has any principles at all; some, however, have discovered that he has one , but that that one is entirely wrong. This one principle is his position on the veto power. The gentleman from Tennessee (Mr. Stanton) who has just taken his se
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SPEECH IN REPLY TO MR. DOUGLAS, ON KANSAS, THE DRED SCOTT DECISION, AND THE UTAH QUESTION.
SPEECH IN REPLY TO MR. DOUGLAS, ON KANSAS, THE DRED SCOTT DECISION, AND THE UTAH QUESTION.
( Delivered at Springfield, Ill., June 26, 1857. ) “ Fellow-Citizens :—I am here, to-night, partly by the invitation of some of you, and partly by my own inclination. Two weeks ago Judge Douglas spoke here, on the several subjects of Kansas, the Dred Scott decision, and Utah. I listened to the speech at the time, and have read the report of it since. It was intended to controvert opinions which I think just, and to assail (politically, not personally) those men who, in common with me, entertai
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SPEECH IN REPLY TO SENATOR DOUGLAS.
SPEECH IN REPLY TO SENATOR DOUGLAS.
( At Chicago, on the evening of July 10, 1858. ) “ My Fellow-Citizens : On yesterday evening, upon the occasion of the reception given to Senator Douglas, I was furnished with a seat very convenient for hearing him, and was otherwise very courteously treated by him and his friends, for which I thank him and them. During the course of his remarks my name was mentioned in such a way as, I suppose, renders it at least not improper that I should make some sort of reply to him. I shall not attempt to
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OPENING PASSAGES OF HIS SPEECH AT FREEPORT.
OPENING PASSAGES OF HIS SPEECH AT FREEPORT.
“ Ladies and Gentlemen :—On Saturday last, Judge Douglas and myself first met in public discussion. He spoke one hour, I an hour and a half, and he replied for half an hour. The order is now reversed. I am to speak an hour, he an hour and a half, and then I am to reply for half an hour. I propose to devote myself during the first hour to the scope of what was brought within the range of his half-hour speech at Ottawa. Of course there was brought within the scope of that half-hour’s speech some
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LETTER TO GENERAL McCLELLAN.
LETTER TO GENERAL McCLELLAN.
“ Washington , April 9, 1862. “ My Dear Sir : Your dispatches, complaining that you are not properly sustained, while they do not offend me, do pain me very much. “Blenker’s division was withdrawn from you before you left here, and you know the pressure under which I did it, and, as I thought, acquiesced in it—certainly not without reluctance. “After you left, I ascertained that less than twenty thousand unorganized men, without a single field battery, were all you designed to be left for the
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LETTER TO GEN. SCHOFIELD RELATIVE TO THE REMOVAL OF GEN. CURTIS.
LETTER TO GEN. SCHOFIELD RELATIVE TO THE REMOVAL OF GEN. CURTIS.
“ Executive Mansion , Washington, May 27, 1863. “Gen. J. M. Schofield — Dear Sir : Having removed Gen. Curtis and assigned you to the command of the Department of the Missouri, I think it may be of some advantage to me to state to you why I did it. I did not remove Gen. Curtis because of my full conviction that he had done wrong by commission or omission. I did it because of a conviction in my mind that the Union men of Missouri, constituting, when united, a vast majority of the people, have e
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THREE HUNDRED THOUSAND MEN CALLED FOR.
THREE HUNDRED THOUSAND MEN CALLED FOR.
“ Whereas , The term of service of part of the volunteer forces of the United States will expire during the coming year; and whereas , in addition to the men raised by the present draft, it is deemed expedient to call out three hundred thousand volunteers, to serve for three years or the war—not, however, exceeding three years. “Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States and Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy thereof, and of the militia of the several States when c
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REV. DR. M’PHEETERS—THE PRESIDENT’S REPLY TO AN APPEAL FOR INTERFERENCE.
REV. DR. M’PHEETERS—THE PRESIDENT’S REPLY TO AN APPEAL FOR INTERFERENCE.
“ Executive Mansion , Washington, December 23, 1863. “I have just looked over a petition signed by some three dozen citizens of St. Louis, and their accompanying letters, one by yourself, one by a Mr. Nathan Ranney, and one by a Mr. John D. Coalter, the whole relating to the Rev. Dr. McPheeters. The petition prays, in the name of justice and mercy, that I will restore Dr. McPheeters to all his ecclesiastical rights. “This gives no intimation as to what ecclesiastical rights are withdrawn. Your l
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AN ELECTION ORDERED IN THE STATE OF ARKANSAS.
AN ELECTION ORDERED IN THE STATE OF ARKANSAS.
“ Executive Mansion , Washington, January 20, 1864. “ Maj. Gen. Steele : Sundry citizens of the State of Arkansas petition me that an election may be held in that State, at which to elect a Governor; that it be assumed at that election, and henceforward, that the Constitution and laws of the State, as before the rebellion, are in full force, except that the Constitution is so modified as to declare that there shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except in the punishment of crimes
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CALL FOR FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND MEN.
CALL FOR FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND MEN.
“ Whereas , By the Act approved July 4, 1864, entitled ‘An Act further to regulate and provide for the enrolling and calling out the National Forces, and for other purposes,’ it is provided that the President of the United States may, at his discretion, at any time hereafter, call for any number of men as volunteers, for the respective terms of one, two, or three years, for military service, and ‘that in case the quota, or any part thereof, of any town, township, ward of a city, precinct, or ele
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LETTER TO MRS. GURNEY.
LETTER TO MRS. GURNEY.
This letter was written by the President prior to his re-election to Mrs. Eliza P. Gurney, an American lady, the widow of the late well-known Friend and philanthropist, Joseph John Gurney, one of the wealthiest bankers of London. “ My Esteemed Friend : I have not forgotten, probably never shall forget, the very impressive occasion when yourself and friends visited me on a Sabbath forenoon two years ago. Nor had your kind letter, written nearly a year later, ever been forgotten. In all it has bee
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THE TENNESSEE TEST OATH.
THE TENNESSEE TEST OATH.
“ Executive Mansion , Washington, D. C., Saturday, October 22, 1864 “MESSRS. WM. B. CAMPBELL, THOMAS A. R. NELSON, JAMES T. P. CARTER, JOHN WILLIAMS, A. BLIZZARD, HENRY COOPER, BAILIE PEYTON, JOHN LILLYETT, EMERSON ETHERIDGE, AND JOHN D. PERRYMAN. “ Gentlemen : On the fifteenth day of this month, as I remember, a printed paper manuscript, with a few manuscript interlineations, called a protest, with your names appended thereto, and accompanied by another printed paper, purporting to be a proclam
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