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North Dakota: A Guide To The Northern Prairie State

Federal Writers' Project of the Works Progress Administration for the State of North Dakota

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NORTH DAKOTA A GUIDE TO THE NORTHERN PRAIRIE STATE

NORTH DAKOTA A GUIDE TO THE NORTHERN PRAIRIE STATE

Written by Workers of the Federal Writers' Project of the Works Progress Administration for the State of North Dakota Sponsored by the State Historical Society of North Dakota Illustrated KNIGHT PRINTING COMPANY Fargo, North Dakota 1938 WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION Harry L. Hopkins, Administrator Ellen S. Woodward, Assistant Administrator Henry G. Alsberg, Director, Federal Writers' Project...

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FOREWORD

FOREWORD

As Governor of the State of North Dakota, I am happy to write the foreword to the first comprehensive guidebook that has ever been written for this State. Compiled by North Dakota writers, the publication of this book has been made possible by means of Federal and State funds. The importance of this book lies, not only in calling the attention of tourists and other outsiders to the picturesque scenery and the places of historical significance in North Dakota; but in awakening the consciousness o

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PREFACE

PREFACE

North Dakota: a Guide to the Northern Prairie State is something new in this part of the country. For the first time North Dakotans and their guests have a concise but comprehensive survey of the State, which tells them what should be seen, and why, and how. Our aim has been a book not only to be used in touring the State, but to be enjoyed by fireside travellers and all who would deepen their understanding of North Dakota. As one of the volumes in the American Guide Series, written by the membe

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GENERAL INFORMATION

GENERAL INFORMATION

(See State map for routes of highways, railroads, and air lines.) Railroads: Chicago &amp; North Western Ry. (Northwestern); Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul &amp; Pacific R. R. (Milwaukee); Farmers' Grain &amp; Shipping Company (Farmers' Line); Great Northern Ry. (G. N.); Midland Continental R. R. (Midland); Minneapolis, St. Paul &amp; Sault Ste. Marie Ry. (Soo); Northern Pacific Ry. (N. P.). Main line of N. P. runs almost directly E. to W. across the State. Main line of G. N. runs

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CALENDAR OF ANNUAL EVENTS

CALENDAR OF ANNUAL EVENTS

Listed here are events of general interest which occur annually in North Dakota. Dates may vary from year to year, and should be verified. (n f d = no fixed date)...

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CONTEMPORARY NORTH DAKOTA

CONTEMPORARY NORTH DAKOTA

Nothing, probably, arouses the indignation of a loyal North Dakotan or South Dakotan more than hearing his State referred to as "Dakota." Just as an earnest Californian would display indignation at being disposed of as merely a "Westerner", so the man from North Dakota resents having his identity fogged over by the blanket term "Dakotan." And rightfully so; for, while he finds no fault with his neighbors, he is quite different from them, and quite within his rights in insisting on the distinct c

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NORTH DAKOTA: ITS NATURAL SETTING

NORTH DAKOTA: ITS NATURAL SETTING

North Dakota is a rectangular area of 70,837 square miles, lying in what the United States Geological Survey has designated the center of the North American Continent. It is approximately 1,500 miles from the Atlantic, the Pacific, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Arctic Archipelago of North America. North to south it extends 210 miles, and east to west an average of 335 miles. On the north are the Provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Canada; on the east, the Red River of the North and the Bois de

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INDIANS AND THEIR PREDECESSORS

INDIANS AND THEIR PREDECESSORS

Just when and where in the shadowy, endless past the Indians of North Dakota, or even of the two Americas, began to break away from the parent stem is not known. Weapons and tools shaped from stone and found in strata that settled into place near the end of the Pleistocene, or glacial, period indicate that as much as 15,000 to 20,000 years ago men wandered along the rivers and through the swamps of those areas that later became New Mexico, Nebraska, and Minnesota. Very probably, in long hunts af

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HISTORY

HISTORY

The Atlantic seaboard Colonies still constituted the American frontier on the April day in 1682 when the intrepid Sieur de la Salle, in the presence of a company of uncomprehending red men, took possession of the lands drained by the Mississippi River "in the name of the Most High, Mighty, Invincible, and Victorious Prince, Louis the Great, by the Grace of God, King of France and Navarre, Fourteenth of that name." His words figuratively raised the flag of France over a vast territory which inclu

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AGRICULTURE AND FARM LIFE

AGRICULTURE AND FARM LIFE

Land of supersized farms, of spring wheat and winter rye rippling in the wind, of gigantic flower gardens of paradise-blue flax—this is North Dakota, one of the greatest agricultural States of the Nation. Those who have seen the vast fields in the summer know the meaning of this land to the farmer and the stock-raiser; for while the romantically inclined can meditate on the beauties of a bronze wheatfield under the July sun, or the picturesque qualities of fine cattle grazing on a hillside, the

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INDUSTRY AND LABOR

INDUSTRY AND LABOR

On any cold winter night in the early 1800's it was not uncommon to see a fur trader set out from Pembina, with his dogsled loaded with valuable pelts, to make the long trek to St. Paul or Fort Garry. With no roads, few landmarks, and the constant danger of Indian attack, such a night trip was extremely hazardous. Daylight, however, presented even more dangers, for the reflection of the winter sun upon the snowy ground often caused snow-blindness; daytime temperatures softened the drifts so that

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RACIAL GROUPS AND FOLKWAYS

RACIAL GROUPS AND FOLKWAYS

International repute as a farming State brought North Dakota a steady stream of immigration up to the time of the World War. Tales of the rich wheatlands of Dakota drew a continuous procession of settlers with their household goods from the eastern States and from across the sea, to claim a share of the fertile western acres. Little more than two decades has passed since this influx ceased. The State presents a patchwork of foreign groups, each still retaining many Old World customs of speech, d

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SCHOOLS, CHURCHES, AND SOCIAL CURRENTS

SCHOOLS, CHURCHES, AND SOCIAL CURRENTS

For many years education and religion in North Dakota were closely associated, for the earliest schools were organized by priests. The Scottish Highlanders of North Dakota's first white settlement—the Selkirk colony at Pembina—were a highly religious peasant people who keenly felt the absence of churches and schools in the land to which they had migrated. Their sponsor, Lord Selkirk, also felt that a church would add to the harmony and stability of the community, and offered to contribute 25 acr

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TRANSPORTATION

TRANSPORTATION

When in 1738 the intrepid French-Canadian, Pierre Verendrye, his three sons, and his nephew set out on foot to trudge weary miles across the prairies to the Mantannes on the Missouri River, they did not dream that some day man-made birds would flash their silver wings against the sky and glide smoothly to rest on the level plains. Less than 200 years were to pass before this miracle of transportation progress would become so commonplace that a native North Dakotan would think nothing of a trip f

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THE PRESS AND RADIO

THE PRESS AND RADIO

Whether or not the first printing press in North Dakota, brought to St. Joseph (Walhalla) by Rev. Alonzo Barnard in 1848, was ever used in the State is a matter of conjecture. When Mr. Barnard, a Presbyterian minister, was transferred to Dakota, he took his press—a gift from students at Oberlin College—overland from the Cass Lake (Minnesota) Reservation to Red Lake, by canoe across the lake and down the Red Lake and Red Rivers to Pembina, then by oxcart to St. Joe. Here he may have used it, as h

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ARCHITECTURE

ARCHITECTURE

The buildings of North Dakota cling closely to the low, tranquil landscape of the State, avoiding exposure to the cold northwest winds that sweep across the snowy prairie in winter. Farms and towns huddle in valleys or hug the open plain, and only grain elevators dare to break the comfortable horizontality of the prevailing contours. In the few cities a tendency can be noted toward height in buildings, but the number of skyscrapers in North Dakota can be counted on the fingers of one hand. Despi

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RECREATION

RECREATION

North Dakota offers many diverse forms of recreation among scenes varying from the spectacle of the fantastically carved Badlands to the severe beauty of the far reaching prairies. The Badlands are probably the best known recreation area of the State. Here the two Roosevelt Regional State Parks have been set aside, and many miles of bridle paths and automobile roads are being built. The strangely colored buttes form one of the most unusual scenic and geologic areas in the United States, and cont

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BISMARCK

BISMARCK

Railroad Stations: Northern Pacific, Main Ave. bet. 4th and 5th Sts., for N. P. Ry.; Minneapolis, St. Paul &amp; Sault Ste. Marie, 117 7th St., for Soo Line. Bus Stations: Union Bus &amp; Truck Terminal, 618 Bdwy., for Northland Greyhound Lines and Interstate Transportation Co.; Grand Pacific Hotel, Bdwy. and 4th St., Mandan-Bismarck, for local intercity line, fare 25c. Airport: Municipal airport, 2 m. SE. of city on unmarked county road, taxi fare 50c, time 10 min., for Northwest and Ha

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FARGO

FARGO

Railroad Stations: Northern Pacific, Bdwy. at Front St.; Great Northern, Bdwy. at 5th Ave. N.; Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul (Milwaukee), 1101 2nd Ave. N. Bus Stations: Union Station, 502 N. P. Ave., for Northland Greyhound, Checker, Jack Rabbit, and Triangle Lines; Cole Hotel, 407½ N. P. Ave., for Liederbach Line. Airport: Hector Field, NW. outskirts of city, ½ m. W. of US 81, Northwest Airlines, taxi fare 50c, time 10 min.; day and night service, public hangars. Taxis: 25c anywhere in city,

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GRAND FORKS

GRAND FORKS

Railroad Stations: Great Northern, DeMers Ave. bet. 6th and 7th Sts. N., for G. N. Ry.; Northern Pacific, 202 N. 3rd St., for N. P. Ry. Bus Stations: Union Station, Dacotah Hotel Bldg., 1st Ave. N. at N. 3rd St., for Checker and Triangle Transportation Companies, Northland Greyhound, and Liederbach Lines; Columbia Hotel, 624 DeMers, for Triangle Transportation Co. Airport: Municipal airport, 1 m. W. of city, ½ m. S. of US 2, for Northwest Airlines; taxi fare 75c, time 10 min. Taxis: Fare 25c fir

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MINOT

MINOT

Railroad Stations: Great Northern Station, W. end of Central Ave. across viaduct, for G. N. Ry.; Minneapolis, St. Paul &amp; Sault Ste. Marie Station, 17 N. Main St., for Soo Ry. Bus Stations: Union Bus Depot, Front at 3rd St. SE., for Checker, Interstate, and Northern Transportation Co. bus lines; Stearns Bldg., 2nd St. SW. at 1st Ave., for Minot-Crosby Bus Line. Airport: Municipal airport, 1¼ m. N. of business district on outskirts of city, E. of US 83, taxi fare 35c, time 10 min.; no sche

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FORT ABRAHAM LINCOLN STATE PARK

FORT ABRAHAM LINCOLN STATE PARK

Entrance: 4.5 m. S. of Mandan on graveled road ( see Tour 8 ). Points of interest in park: Fort McKeen, Slant Indian Village, site of old Fort Abraham Lincoln. Regulations: Park open during daylight hours only; parking cars on highway prohibited. The 750 acres of Fort Abraham Lincoln State Park lie on the west bluffs of the Missouri River, encompassing three sites of historical and archeological interest—a Mandan Indian village and two old military posts. The park is being developed by the State

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ROOSEVELT REGIONAL STATE PARKS

ROOSEVELT REGIONAL STATE PARKS

Season: Open year round. June to September most favorable period. Tourist Information: State Historical Society of North Dakota, Liberty Memorial Building, Bismarck, N. Dak. Admission: Free. Transportation: North Park. Entrances: E. entrance, US 85 ( see Tour 4 ); N. entrance—less desirable—dirt road from Arnegard ( see Tour 4 ). Branch of Great Northern Ry., Fairview, Mont., to Watford City; Carpenter Bus Line from Williston. Roads: 14 m. gravel and scoria highway; 10 m. horse or hike trail. No

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TOUR 1

TOUR 1

(Winnipeg, Man., Can.)—Pembina—Grand Forks—Fargo—Wahpeton—(Watertown, S. Dak.). US 81. Canadian boundary to South Dakota Line, 256.5 m. N. P. Ry. parallels route between Canadian border and Joliette; G. N. Ry. between Hamilton and Fargo; Milwaukee R. R. between Fargo and South Dakota Line. Winnipeg-Fargo route of Northwest Airlines parallels route between Canadian border and Fargo. Graveled roadbed except about 31 m. bituminous-surfaced. Accommodations of all types in principal towns. US 81 cros

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SIDE TOUR 1A

SIDE TOUR 1A

Junction US 81—Mayville—Portland—Hatton. ND 7 &amp; 18. Junction with US 81 to Hatton, 27 m. G. N. Ry. branch line parallels route between Mayville and Hatton. Graveled roadbed entire route. Accommodations in principal towns. This short route traversing a fertile farming area twice crosses the Goose River, which the French Canadians who first explored it called Rivière Aux Outardes ( River of the Geese ), because of the great number of wild geese that nested on its banks. The route proceeds

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TOUR 2

TOUR 2

(Brandon, Man., Can.)—Hansboro—Cando—Minnewaukan—Jamestown—Edgeley—Ellendale—(Aberdeen, S. Dak.). ND 4 &amp; US 281. Canadian boundary to South Dakota Line, 253 m. Branch of G. N. Ry. parallels route between Cando and Churchs Ferry, branch of N. P. Ry. between Brinsmade and Jamestown, Midland R. R. between Jamestown and Edgeley. Graveled roadbed entire route except for 3 m. dirt grade from Canadian boundary to Hansboro. Accommodations in principal towns. South of the international boundary t

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TOUR 3

TOUR 3

(Virden, Man., Can.)—Westhope—Minot—Washburn—Bismarck—Linton—(Pierre, S. Dak.). US 83. Canadian boundary to South Dakota Line, 278.5 m. Soo Ry. branch parallels route between Max and Bismarck, N. P. Ry. main line between Bismarck and Sterling, N. P. branch roughly parallels between Sterling and Linton, Milwaukee R. R. branch between Linton and Strasburg. Graveled roadbed except for about 75 m. bituminous-surfaced. Accommodations in principal towns. South of the Canadian boundary US 83 follows a

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SIDE TOUR 3A

SIDE TOUR 3A

Junction US 83—Garrison—Nishu—Elbowoods—Shell Creek—Van Hook—Stanley. ND 37 &amp; 8, county and reservation roads. Junction with US 83 to US 2, 117 m. Dry-weather, dirt, reservation roads most of route. Gravel 28 m. W. of junction with US 83, and 28 m. between Van Hook and Stanley. Limited accommodations on reservation. ND 37, which runs through the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation, branches W. from US 83 ( see Tour 3 ) midway between Max and Coleharbor. GARRISON, 7 m. (1,920 alt., 1,024 pop

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SIDE TOUR 3B

SIDE TOUR 3B

Junction US 83—Junction US 10. County dirt and graveled roads, "The River Road." Junction with US 83 to junction with US 10, 35 m. Dry-weather dirt road except for 6 m. gravel between 29 m. and US 10. Drive carefully as route is hilly with many curves. Route parallels Missouri River. The River Road between Washburn and Bismarck approximates the overland freighter trail established in the early 1870's between the end of the Northern Pacific Railway at Bismarck and Fort Buford near the mouth of th

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TOUR 4

TOUR 4

(Moosejaw, Sask., Can.)—Ambrose—Belfield—Amidon—Bowman—(Belle Fourche, S. Dak.). US 85. Canadian boundary to South Dakota Line, 264.5 m. G. N. Ry. branch line roughly parallels route between Alexander and Watford City. Graveled roadbed except for 7 m. bituminous surface, 40 m. graded dirt highway, and 16 m. unimproved dirt road. Accommodations in principal towns. US 85, a direct route through western North Dakota between Saskatchewan and the South Dakota Line, traverses the Coteau du Plateau du

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SIDE TOUR 4A

SIDE TOUR 4A

Junction US 85—Hanks—Grenora—Sodium Lakes—Writing Rock. ND 50 and unnumbered county roads. Junction with US 85 to Writing Rock, 30.3 m. G. N. Ry. parallels route between junction with US 85 and Grenora. Graveled roadbed 12 m., graded dirt roads and prairie trail remainder of route. Accommodations in principal towns. This short route passes through a region of boulder-strewn, smoothly rounded hills left by glacial action, and leads to extensive but undeveloped sodium sulphate beds and the archeol

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SIDE TOUR 4B

SIDE TOUR 4B

Junction US 85—New England—Mott—Carson—Flasher—Junction ND 6. ND 21. Junction with US 85 to junction ND 6, 126.5 m. N. P. Ry. branch line roughly parallels route from Mott to Flasher; Milwaukee R. R. branch between New England and Elgin. Graveled roadbed except for 11 m. of graded dirt. Hotel and tourist camp facilities limited in most towns; many natural camping places along the Cannonball River. Traversing the northern part of the Missouri Slope, this route passes through what was ranch land,

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TOUR 5

TOUR 5

Junction US 81—Cavalier—Rolla—Belcourt—Dunseith—Bottineau—Mohall—Crosby—(Scobey, Mont.). ND 5. Junction with US 81 to Montana Line, 329 m. Soo Ry. branch roughly parallels route from Flaxton to Montana Line; G. N. Ry. branches touch route at intervals between junction US 81 and Lignite, and branch parallels route between Lignite and Crosby. Graveled roadbed entire route. Usual tourist accommodations in principal towns. This route, paralleling the international boundary 10 to 15 miles to the nort

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SIDE TOUR 5A

SIDE TOUR 5A

Junction ND 5—Walhalla—Leroy. ND 32, ND 55, and an unimproved road. Junction ND 5 to Leroy, 25 m. Branch of G. N. Ry. touches at Walhalla. Graveled roadbed except for 0.5 m. outside Leroy. Accommodations in Walhalla. This route runs through the Pembina Mountains, a scenic region rich in historical associations. From Walhalla, one of the oldest towns in the State, the route turns east to the settlement of the metis, descendants of those French-Chippewa who conducted the famous Pembina hunts of th

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TOUR 6

TOUR 6

(Duluth, Minn.)—Grand Forks—Devils Lake—Minot—Williston—(Glasgow, Mont.). US 2. Minnesota Line to Montana Line, 390.5 m. G. N. Ry. roughly parallels entire route, Farmers' Line between Devils Lake and Webster. Graveled roadbed except for about 110 m. of short stretches hard-surfaced. Accommodations in principal towns. This route reveals a cross section of the agricultural life of the State. In the east the flat, fertile lands of the narrow Red River Valley, which formed the bottom of glacial Lak

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SIDE TOUR 6A

SIDE TOUR 6A

Devils Lake (city)—Camp Grafton—Devils Lake—Fort Totten Indian Agency—Sully's Hill National Game Preserve—Devils Lake (city). ND 20, ND 57, and Indian Service roads. Devils Lake to Devils Lake, 33 m. Graveled roadbed. No accommodations along route. This circular route from the city of Devils Lake along the beautifully wooded southern shore of the lake passes the homes of the Sioux and Chippewa Indians near the Fort Totten Agency, and many points connected with Indian life and legend. ND 20 branc

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SIDE TOUR 6B

SIDE TOUR 6B

Junction US 2—Buford—Fort Buford State Park. Junction with US 2 to Fort Buford State Park, 9.5 m. Unmarked graveled road 8.5 m., unimproved road 1 m. No accommodations. The remains of Fort Buford, at the end of this route, evoke memories of the once feared Indian chieftains Sitting Bull, Gall, and Joseph, and of the notable military leaders Gen. Hugh E. Scott and Gen. William H. Hazen. The route, an unmarked gravel road, branches S. from US 2 ( see Tour 6 ) 17 m. W. of Williston. At 8 m. is BUFO

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TOUR 7

TOUR 7

Carrington—Minot—Bowbells—Portal—(Regina, Sask., Can.). US 52. Carrington to Canadian border, 241.5 m. Soo Ry. roughly parallels entire route. Graveled roadbed except 38 m. bituminous-surfaced between Velva and Foxholm. Accommodations in principal towns. US 52, pursuing a diagonal course northwest across the State, provides a direct route between the Canadian Rockies and the Middle West. It traverses a diversified farming area, and passes through the fertile Souris River valley and the treeless

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TOUR 8

TOUR 8

(Minneapolis, Minn.)—Fargo—Valley City—Jamestown—Bismarck—Mandan—Dickinson—(Glendive, Mont.). US 10. Minnesota Line to Montana Line, 368 m. N. P. Ry. and Northwest Airlines parallel route across State. Paved or bituminous-surfaced roadbed except 73 m. graveled. Accommodations chiefly in towns. US 10, rising steadily toward the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, with a gain of 1,852 feet in altitude in crossing the State, traverses the three main topographic divisions of North Dakota ( see Natural

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SIDE TOUR 8A

SIDE TOUR 8A

Valley City—Oakes—South Dakota Line. ND 1. Valley City to South Dakota Line, 75 m. N. P. Ry. branch line roughly parallels route between Verona and Oakes, North Western Ry. branch between Oakes and South Dakota Line. Gravelled roadbed throughout. Accommodations in principal towns ND 1 south of Valley City traverses the rolling plain—part of the Height of Land—that lies between the Sheyenne and the James Rivers. The northern end of the route runs near the Sheyenne, while its southern course rough

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SIDE TOUR 8B

SIDE TOUR 8B

Junction US 10—Cooperstown—Junction US 2. ND 1 &amp; 7. Junction with US 10 to junction with US 2, 93 m. N. P. Ry. branch line roughly parallels route between US 10 and Binford. Graveled roadbed throughout. Usual tourist accommodations in principal towns. This route proceeds north over the smooth plain of the fertile black-earth belt, through the hills of the upper Sheyenne River basin. First the Indians and later the metis or half-breeds hunted the large herds of buffalo that once roamed th

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SIDE TOUR 8C

SIDE TOUR 8C

Mandan—Cannonball—Fort Yates—South Dakota Line. ND 6, 21, &amp; 24. Mandan to South Dakota Line, 85 m. Graveled roadbed except 15 m. unimproved dry-weather roadbed on ND 21. Accommodations at Fort Yates only. This route traverses the North Dakota section of the Standing Rock Indian Agency ( for history of the agency see Indians and Their Predecessors ) where Sitting Bull, Rain-in-the-Face, and Chief Gall, Father Pierre De Smet, and Maj. James McLaughlin made early history in the Dakotas. Whe

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SIDE TOUR 8D

SIDE TOUR 8D

Junction US 10—Center—Beulah—Halliday—Killdeer—Junction US 85. ND 25. Junction with US 10 to junction with US 85, 141.5 m. N. P. Ry. branch roughly parallels route between Stanton and Killdeer. Graveled roadbed except 4 m. graded dirt. Accommodations limited. This route winds over the upper Missouri Slope, through grain-farming and grazing country, where infrequent farmhouses hide in the valleys. When ranching was the chief industry here, not long ago, the rough country provided shelter not only

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TOUR 9

TOUR 9

(McIntosh, S. Dak.)—Hettinger—Bowman—Marmarth—(Miles City, Mont.). US 12. South Dakota Line to Montana Line, 94 m. Milwaukee R. R. parallels route. Graveled roadbed. Accommodations in principal towns. US 12 cuts across the southwestern corner of North Dakota through an area where herds of cattle and flocks of sheep graze on the hardy prairie grasses that grow in the small valleys between high, rough, brown mesa-topped buttes. The day of the pioneer homesteader and rancher is barely in the past h

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TOUR 10 (Water Route)

TOUR 10 (Water Route)

Medora—South Roosevelt Regional State Park—Beaver River—North Roosevelt Regional State Park—Cherry Creek—Missouri River—Elbowoods—Stanton—Fort Clark—Washburn—Bismarck. Route: Little Missouri and Missouri Rivers. Medora to Bismarck, 350 m. (by river), 10 to 20 days. N. P. Ry. parallels route from Stanton to Bismarck. Special equipment: Light duffle, including 7 x 7 tent, waterproof sleeping bags, waterproof duffle bags, complete change outdoor clothing; flat-bottomed boat capable carrying 1,000 l

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CHRONOLOGY

CHRONOLOGY

BARNES COUNTY COURTHOUSE, VALLEY CITY Photo by R. Kenneth McFarland CAMP GATHERING, FORT YATES AGENCY Photo by Frank Fiske SIOUX TIPIS Photo by Frank Fiske SIOUX HOOP DANCE Photo by Russell Reid MAGPIE ROCK, KILLDEER MOUNTAINS Photo by Russell Reid il. = illustrated B. = bibliography...

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THE NATURAL SETTING GEOGRAPHY

THE NATURAL SETTING GEOGRAPHY

Wemett, William Marks. Geography of North Dakota. Fargo, Northern School Supply, 1929. 230 p. il. A travel sketch of North Dakota in textbook form....

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GEOLOGY

GEOLOGY

Campbell, Marius R. Guidebook to the Western United States. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1915. 212 p. (U. S. Geological Survey, Bull. 611.) Part A, Northern Pacific Railway route, with a side trip to the Yellowstone Park. Hard, Herbert A. Soil and Geological Survey of North Dakota ; with a history of Barnes County by Katherine Hard, and a chapter on flora of North Dakota by Herbert F. Bergman. Bismarck, Tribune Publishing Company, 1912. o. p. 372 p. il. Sixth biennial report of the St

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PALEONTOLOGY

PALEONTOLOGY

Hornaday, W. T. Tales from Nature's Wonderland. New York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1924. o. p. 235 p. il. Paleontology written for children. Also contains stories of strange animals on earth today. Lucas, Frederic A. Animals of the Past. New York, printed for the American Museum of Natural History, 1916. 266 p. il. 4th edit. (Handbook Series No. 4.) An account in story form of some of the creatures of the ancient world. Williams, Henry Smith. Survival of the Fittest. New York, Robert M. McBride

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NATURAL RESOURCES

NATURAL RESOURCES

Burns and McDonnell Engineering Company. Report of Missouri Dam and Diversion Project in North and South Dakota. Minneapolis, 1933. For a discussion of the means of conservation of the water and soil resources of the State see pp. 23-25. North Dakota. State Geological Survey. Report on Clay Resources in North Dakota. Grand Forks, 1906. 324 p. il. (Fourth Biennial Report.) North Dakota. State Geological Survey. Report on Lignite Resources in North Dakota. Grand Forks, 1902. 262 p. il. (Second Bie

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INDIANS AND THEIR PREDECESSORS

INDIANS AND THEIR PREDECESSORS

Beede, Aaron McGaffey. Toward the Sun. Bismarck, Tribune Publishing Company, 1916. o. p. 199 p. Written by a pioneer missionary among the Indians of North Dakota with commentary notes by Melvin R. Gilmore. Byrne, Patrick E. Soldiers of the Plain. New York, Minton, Balch and Company, 1928. o. p. 260 p. Sympathetic account of red man's side in treaty negotiations, touches remarkable military work of Indians, presents "high qualities" of the Indian "as a factor in civilized life." Catlin, George. B

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HISTORY

HISTORY

Armstrong, Moses K. The Early Empire Builders of the Great West. St. Paul, E. W. Porter, 1901. o. p. 456 p. il. Early history of Dakota Territory by a pioneer surveyor of Yankton, Dakota Territory. Arnold, Henry V. Early History of Ransom County (with references to Sargent County). Larimore, H. V. Arnold, 1918. o. p. 105 p. Historical sketches based on newspaper articles. Arnold, Henry V. Forty Years in North Dakota. Larimore, H. V. Arnold, 1921. o. p. 96 p. A short history of the State in relat

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GOVERNMENT

GOVERNMENT

Boyle, James E. The Government of North Dakota. New York, American Book Company, 1922. o. p. 320 p. il. A discussion of politics and government in the State. Brigham, Albert Perry. Our Home State and Continent. New York, American Book Company, 1934. 178 p. il. A chapter by Arthur C. Selke and Charles T. McFarlane deals specifically with North Dakota. Brinton, J. W. Wheat and Politics. Minneapolis, Rand Tower, 1931. 270 p. il. A treatise on agricultural credit, wheat trade, and politics, with a c

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AGRICULTURE AND FARM LIFE

AGRICULTURE AND FARM LIFE

Coulter, John Lee. Cooperation Among Farmers. New York, Sturgis and Walton Company, 1911. o. p. 281 p. il. A discussion on rural life by a former president of the State agricultural college. Fossum, Paul Robert. The Agrarian Movement in North Dakota. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1925. o. p. 183 p. il. A thesis on the economic aspects of North Dakota agriculture. Gillette, John M. Constructive Rural Sociology. Chicago, Macmillan, 1928. 165 p. il. B. A study of rural conditions by an internatio

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INDUSTRY AND LABOR

INDUSTRY AND LABOR

Cable, Margaret. Pottery from North Dakota Clay. Grand Forks, University of North Dakota, Division of Mines, 1926. il. A discussion of the experiments made by the ceramics department of the university with plastic clays found within the State. Harrower, Henry Draper. The New States. New York and Chicago, Ivison Blakeman and Company, 1889. o. p. 72 p. il. Included in Part I is a sketch of the history and economic development of North Dakota....

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RACIAL GROUPS AND FOLKWAYS

RACIAL GROUPS AND FOLKWAYS

Beck, Richard. Founding of the Icelandic Settlement in Pembina County. North Dakota Historical Quarterly, Jan. 1932, v. 6: pp. 150-164. Beck, Richard. Icelandic Settlement in Pembina County, Largest In United States. The Northwest Pioneer, Aug. 1936, v. 6: pp. 13-15. Bercovici, Konrad. On New Shores. New York and London, Century Company, 1925. 302 p. il. Contains chapters on French settlement at Wild Rice, N. Dak., and on the Russo-Germans of North Dakota. Hofstead, John A. American Educators of

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SCHOOLS, CHURCHES, AND SOCIAL CURRENTS

SCHOOLS, CHURCHES, AND SOCIAL CURRENTS

Arvold, A. G. Little Country Theater. Chicago, Macmillan, 1922. o. p. 220 p. il. B. Author is professor of dramatics at State agricultural college and has been recognized as a leader in the promotion of community drama in the United States. Book tells of the origin of the Little Theater in Fargo and of the movement in general. Beck, Richard. Continent's Oldest Icelandic Church. The Northwest Pioneer, Feb. 1936, v. 4: pp. 5-7. Gillette, John M. Current Social Problems. New York, Cincinnati, Ameri

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TRANSPORTATION

TRANSPORTATION

Briggs, Harold E. Early Freight and Stage Lines in Dakota. North Dakota Historical Quarterly, July 1929, v. 3: pp. 229-261. Briggs, Harold E. Pioneer River Transportation in Dakota. North Dakota Historical Quarterly, Apr. 1929, v. 3: pp. 159-181. Chittenden, Captain Hiram Martin. History of Early Steamboat Navigation on the Missouri River. New York, Harpers, n. d. o. p. 461 p. 2 v. An accurate account of early navigation on the Missouri. Hanson, Joseph M. The Conquest of the Missouri. Chicago, A

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ARCHITECTURE

ARCHITECTURE

Ellis, Chas. L. Foundation Problems in the Red River Valley. Quarterly Journal of the University of North Dakota, Jan. 1929, v. 19: pp. 132-147. Simons, Kenneth W. North Dakota State Capitol. Bismarck, Tribune Publishing Company, 1934. il....

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CITIES

CITIES

Arnold, Henry V. Early History of Grand Forks. Larimore, H. V. Arnold, 1918. o. p. 92 p. B. Some interesting sketches of the early settlement of Grand Forks, and the relation of the city to the development of the State. Arnold, Henry V. History of Grand Forks County. Larimore, H. V. Arnold, 1900. o. p. 147 p. A historical outline of the Red River Valley, with emphasis on the first ten years in the history of the city of Grand Forks....

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LITERATURE

LITERATURE

Beach, Rex. The Spoilers. New York and London, A. M. Burt and Company, 1930. 315 p. il. A popular novel of Alexander McKenzie, North Dakota politician, and the Klondike Gold Rush. Beede, Aaron McGaffey. Heart in the Lodge. Bismarck, Tribune Publishing Company, 1915. o. p. 61 p. A three-act play based on Whitestone Battle which took place near Ellendale, North Dakota. Beede, Aaron McGaffey. Sitting Bull-Custer. Bismarck, Tribune Publishing Company, 1913, o. p. 50 p. il. B. A picture of the Custer

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