A HISTORY OF THE PRINCIPAL DRUGS OF VEGETABLE ORIGIN, MET WITH IN GREAT BRITAIN AND BRITISH INDIA. BY FRIEDRICH A. FLÜCKIGER, PHIL. DR. PROFESSOR IN THE UNIVERSITY OF STRASSBURG, AND DANIEL HANBURY, F.R.S., FELLOW OF THE LINNEAN AND CHEMICAL SOCIETIES OF LONDON. SECOND EDITION. London : MACMILLAN AND CO. 1879. [ The Right of Translation and Reproduction is reserved. ]...

Pharmacographia , the word which gives the title to this book, indicates the nature of the work to which it has been prefixed. The term means simply a writing about drugs ; and it has been selected not without due consideration, as in itself distinctive, easily quoted, and intelligible in many languages. Pharmacographia, in its widest sense, embodies and expresses the joint intention of the authors. It was their desire, not only to write upon the general subject, and to utilize the thoughts of o

The premature death—March 24, 1875—of my lamented friend Daniel Hanbury, having deprived me of his invaluable assistance, I have attempted to prepare the new edition of our work with adherence to the same principles by which we were guided from the beginning. I desire to acknowledge my obligations for great and valuable assistance to my friend Thomas Hanbury, Esq., F.L.S., who has also honoured the memory of his late brother by causing the scientific researches of the latter to be collected and

Polarization. —Most essential oils, and the solutions of several substances described in this book are capable of effecting the deviation of a ray of polarized light. The amount of this rotatory power cannot be regarded as constant in essential oils, and is greatly influenced by various causes. As to alkaloids and other organic compounds, the deviation frequently depends upon the nature and quantity of the solvent. The authors have thought it needful to record in numerous cases the results of su

Radix Ellebori nigri , Radix Melampodii ; Black Hellebore Root ; F. Racine d’Ellebore noir ; G. Schwarze Nieswurzel . Botanical Origin — Helleborus niger L., a low perennial herb, native of sub-alpine woods in Southern and Eastern Europe. It is found in Provence, Northern Italy, Salzburg, Bavaria, Austria, Bohemia, and Silesia, as well as, according to Boissier, [4] in Continental Greece. Under the name of Christmas Rose , it is often grown in English gardens on account of its handsome white flo

Crude or Common Turpentine ; F. Térebenthine commune ; G. Gemeiner Terpenthin . Botanical Origin —The trees which yield Common Turpentine may be considered in two groups, namely, European and American. 1. European —In Finland and Russia Proper, the Scotch Pine, Pinus sivestris L.; in Austria and Corsica, P. Laricio Poiret; and in South-western France, P. Pinaster Solander ( P. maritima Poiret), extensively cultivated as the Pin maritime , yield turpentine in their respective countries. 2. Americ

Arrowroot. Botanical Origin — Maranta arundinacea [2330] L.—An herbaceous branching plant, 4 to 6 feet high, with ovate-lanceolate, puberulous or nearly glabrous leaves, and small white flowers, solitary or in lax racemes. It is a native of the tropical parts of America from Mexico to Brazil, and of the West Indian Islands; and under the slightly different form known as M. indica Tussac, it occurs in Bengal, Java and the Philippines. This Asiatic variety is now found in the West Indies and Tropi

Lycopodium ; Semen vel Sporulæ Lycopodii ; F. Lycopode ; G. Bärlappsamen, Hexenmehl . Botanical Origin — Lycopodium clavatum L.—This plant, the Common Clubmoss, is almost cosmopolitan. It is found on hilly pastures and heaths throughout Central and Northern Europe from the Alps and Pyrenees to the Arctic reunions, in the mountains of the east and centre of Spain, throughout Russian Asia to Amurland and Japan, in North and South America, the Falkland Isles, Australia and the Cape of Good Hope. It

Iceland Moss ; F. Lichen ou Mousse d’Islande ; G. Isländisches Moos . Botanical Origin — Cetraria islandica Acharius. [2738] —It is abundant in high northern latitudes, as Greenland, Spitzbergen, Siberia, Scandinavia and Iceland, where it grows even in the plains. It is found in the mountainous parts of Great Britain, France, Italy, and Spain, in Switzerland (in elevations of nearly 10,000 feet), and in the Southern Danubian countries. It also occurs in North America and in the Antarctic regions

SHORT BIOGRAPHIC AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC NOTES, Relating to Authors and Books quoted in the Pharmacographia. They may be completed by consulting especially the following works:— Choulant , Geschichte und Literatur der älteren Medicin, Part I., Bücherkunde für die ältere Medicin. 1841. Kopp , Geschichte der Chemie, 4 vols., 1843-1847. Meyer , Geschichte der Botanik, 4 vols., 1854-1857. Pereira , Tabular view of the history and literature of the Materia Medica, in the “Elements of Materia Medica,” vol i