Copyright , 1904 THE OPEN COURT PUBLISHING CO. CHICAGO When discussing the ant-mind, we must consider that these small animals, on the one hand, differ very widely from ourselves in organisation, but on the other hand, have come, through so-called convergence, to possess in the form of a social commonwealth a peculiar relationship to us. My subject, however, requires the discussion of so many complicated questions that I am compelled to assume acquaintance with the work of others, especially the

Brain (supra-œsophageal ganglion) of an ant ( Lasius fuliginosus ), magnified 60 diameters, seen from above. St. = Brain trunk. L. op. = Lobus opticus (optic lobe). L. olf. = Lobus olfactorius sive antennalis (olfactory lobe). N. = Facetted eye. N. olf. = Nervus olfactorius sive antennalis (olfactory nerve). O. = Ocelli, or simple eyes with their nerves (present only in the male and queen). H. = Cellular brain cortex (developed only in the worker and queen). C. p. = Corpora pedunculata, or fungi

Many insects (perhaps all, in a more rudimental condition) possess memory, i. e., they are able to store up sense-impressions in their brains for subsequent use. Insects are not merely attracted directly by sensory stimuli, as Bethe imagines. Huber, myself, Fabre, Lubbock, Wasmann, Von Buttel-Reepen, have demonstrated this fact experimentally. That bees, wasps, etc., can find their way in flight through the air, notwithstanding wind and rain (and hence under circumstances precluding the existenc

The notion of volition, in contradistinction to the notion of reflex action, presupposes the expiration of a certain time interval and the operation of mediating and complex brain-activities between the sense-impression and the movement which it conditions. In the operation of the purposeful automatisms of instinct which arouse one another into activity in certain sequences, there is also a time interval, filled out by internal, dynamic brain-processes as in the case of the will. Hence these are

It may perhaps sound ludicrous to speak of feelings in insects. But when we stop to consider how profoundly instinctive and fixed is our human life of feeling, how pronounced are the emotions in our domestic animals, and how closely interwoven with the impulses, we should expect to encounter emotions and feelings in animal psychology. And these may indeed be recognised so clearly that even Uexkuell would have to capitulate if he should come to know them more accurately. We find them already inte

I have rapidly reviewed the three main realms of ant-psychology. It is self-evident that in this matter they no more admit of sharp demarcation from one another than elsewhere. The will consists of centrifugal resultants of sense-impressions and feelings and in turn reacts powerfully on both of these. It is of considerable interest to observe the antagonism between different perceptions, feelings, and volitions in ants and bees, and the manner in which in these animals the intensely fixed (obses

Our sense of smell, like our sense of taste, is a chemical sense. But while the latter reacts only to substances dissolved in liquids and with but few (about five) different principal qualities, the olfactory sense reacts with innumerable qualities to particles of the most diverse substances dissolved in the atmosphere. Even to our relatively degenerate human olfactories, the number of these odor-qualities seems to be almost infinite. In insects that live in the air and on the earth the sense of

An Exposition of the Darwinian Theory and a Discussion of Post-Darwinian Questions. By George John Romanes , LL. D., F. R. S. Pp. xiv., 460. 125 illustrations. Second Edition. With portrait of Darwin. Cloth, $2.00. “A brilliantly written work.”—Review of Reviews. “The best single volume on the general subject since Darwin’s time.”—American Naturalist. “The most lucid and masterly presentation of the Darwinian theory yet written.”—Public Opinion. “The best modern handbook of evolution.”—The Natio

(Reprint of illustrations from Darwin and After Darwin, Part I.) Wood engravings explanatory of the Theory of Evolution, selected by and drawn under the direction of Prof. G. J. Romanes. Designed for use in class and home instruction. Pp. 94. Paper, $1.00....

By George John Romanes . With Portrait of Weismann, and a Glossary of Scientific Terms. Thoroughly indexed. Pp. ix., 221. Cloth, $1.00 net. “The best criticism of the subject in our language.”—The Outlook, N. Y. “The reader of this work will appreciate from this discussion, better than from the writings of Weismann himself, the significance of the final position adopted by Weismann.”—Science. E. D. Cope . 1840-1897. “One of the Great Men of Science of the World.” —Science,New York, Sept., 1896..

By E. D. Cope . 121 illustrations. Pp. 550. Tables, bibliography and index. Cloth, net, $2.00. (10s.). A comprehensive handbook of the Neo-Lamarckian theory of Evolution, drawing its main evidence from paleontology, as distinguished from œcology (Darwin) and embryology (Weismann). Discusses the “Energy of Evolution,” and lays special emphasis on the function of consciousness in organic development. “Will stand as the most concise and complete exposition of the doctrines of the Neo-Lamarckian sch

As a Source of Definitely Directed Variation. By August Weismann . Translated by Thomas J. McCormack . Pp., xii, 61. Paper, 25c. (1s. 6d.). “Professor Weismann considers this one of the most important of all his contributions on the evolution problem.... important as marking some fundamental changes in Weismann’s position.”—Science, New York. “Forms the crown and capsheaf of Weismann’s theory of heredity.”—Exchange. Butterfly’s Wing from Eimer’s Orthogenesis . Illustrating the Definite Character

Or the Impotence of Darwinian Selection in the Formation of Species. By Th. Eimer , Professor of Zoology in the University of Tuebingen. Translated by Thomas J. McCormack . 19 cuts. Pp., 56. Paper 25c. (1s. 6d.). This little brochure was written in reply to Weismann’s “Germinal Selection.” Prof. Eimer argues upon the same lines as the American Neo-Lamarckians, Cope, Hyatt, etc. His doctrine of orthogenesis, which he declares to be a universally valid law, has been framed to show that organisms d

Summary. By Carl von Naegeli , Translated by V. A. Clark and F. A. Waugh , of the University of Vermont. The only original account of Naegeli’s theories in English. Pp., 52. Price, paper, 15 cents. (9d.) Naegeli was the first to propose the general theory of cell-formation accepted to-day. The present little brochure, which is a synopsis of his great work on evolution, will render his difficult theories accessible to English-speaking students, to whom they have hitherto been almost a sealed book

An Introduction to the Study of the Development Theory by D. Kerfoot Shute, M.D ., Professor of Anatomy in the Medical Department of the Columbian University, Member of the Association of American Anatomists, Member of the Washington Microscopical Society, etc. Pages, xvi—285, 39 illustrations—9 in natural colors. Price, cloth, $2.00 net (7s, 6d. net). “It is a presentation of the subject for the general reader which is masterly, clear, and entertaining. A profound subject is thoroughly grasped;

By Dr. Ferdinand Hueppe , Professor of Hygiene in the University of Prague. Translated from the German and annotated by Edwin O. Jordan , Ph.D., Professor in the University of Chicago. 28 cuts. Five colored plates. Pages, 465—x. Price, $1.75 net (9s.). Invaluable to the physician, the scientist, the student of hygiene, and practical people in all walks of life. “It affords more ground for serious thought and reflection than perhaps any of the works on bacteriology hitherto published. The origina

Devoted to the Science of Religion, The Religion of Science and the Extension of the Religious Parliament Idea. Science is slowly but surely transforming the world. Science is knowledge verified; it is Truth proved; and Truth will always conquer in the end. The power of Science is irresistible. Science is the still small voice; it is not profane, it is sacred; it is not human, it is superhuman; Science is a divine revelation. Convinced of the religious significance of Science, The Open Court bel

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