39 chapters
4 hour read
Selected Chapters
39 chapters
Heinemann's Scientific Handbooks.
Heinemann's Scientific Handbooks.
Each Volume Crown 8vo, Uniformly Bound and Illustrated. MANUAL OF ASSAYING GOLD, SILVER, COPPER, AND LEAD ORES. By Walter Lee Brown , B.Sc. Revised, Corrected, and considerably Enlarged, with a chapter on the Assaying of Fuel, &c. By A. B. Griffiths , Ph.D., F.R.S. (Edin.), F.C.S. 7s. 6d. Financial World. —"The most complete and practical manual on everything which concerns assaying of all which have come before us." GEODESY. By J. Howard Gore . 5s. Science Gossip. —"It is the best we co
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
WILLIAM HEINEMANN
WILLIAM HEINEMANN
1892 [ All rights reserved ] To MY DEVOTED WIFE Whose zeal for my success is the light which guides me along the highway of my labours, and to those earnest friends, Mr. Walter S. Logan, Judge Charles P. Daly, Mr. James Muhlenberg Bailey, Mr. Samuel S. McClure, Hon. O. B. Potter, Dr. Alexander Melville Bell, Hon. John Hay, Professor S. E. Tillman, Mrs. Henry Draper, Mr. J. V. V. Booream, Mr. G. Hilton Scribner, and Mr. B. Schlesinger, who have opened their purse as they opened their hearts, and
39 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
PREFACE
PREFACE
I desire here to express my gratitude to The New Review , The North American Review , The Cosmopolitan , The Forum , and many of the leading journals of America, for the use of their valuable and popular pages through which my work has been given to the public. To the press, English and American, I gladly pay my tribute of thanks for the liberal discussion, candid criticism, and kind consideration which they have bestowed upon my efforts to solve the great problem of speech. In contributing to S
2 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CHAPTER I.
CHAPTER I.
Early Impressions—First Observations of Monkeys—First Efforts to Learn their Speech—Barriers—The Phonograph Used—A Visit to Jokes—My Efforts to Speak to Him—The Sound of Alarm inspires Terror. From childhood, I have believed that all kinds of animals have some mode of speech by which they could talk among their own kind, and have often wondered why man had never tried to learn it. I often wondered how it occurred to man to whistle to a horse or dog instead of using some sound more like their own
10 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CHAPTER II.
CHAPTER II.
The Reconciliation—The Acquaintance of Jennie—The Salutation—The Words for Food and Drink—Little Banquo, Dago, McGinty, and others. During a period of many weeks I visited Jokes almost daily, but after the lapse of more than two months I had not won him back nor quieted his suspicions against me. On my approach, he would manifest great fear and go through the act of humiliation described above. I observed that he entertained an intense hatred for a negro boy on the place, who teased and vexed hi
8 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CHAPTER III.
CHAPTER III.
Monkeys have favourite Colours—Can distinguish Numbers and Quantity—Music and Art very limited. In order to ascertain whether monkeys have any choice of colours or not, I selected some bright candies, balls, marbles, bits of ribbon, &c. I took a piece of pasteboard, and on it placed a few bright-coloured bits of candy, which I offered to a monkey and watched to see whether he would select a certain colour or not. In this experiment I generally used two colours at a time, and changed thei
8 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CHAPTER IV.
CHAPTER IV.
Pedro's Speech Recorded—Delivered to Puck through the Phonograph—Little Darwin learns a new Word. In the Washington collection there is a little Capuchin by the name of Pedro. When I first visited this bright little monk he occupied a cage in common with several other monkeys of different kinds. All of them seemed to impose upon little Pedro, and a young spider monkey in the cage found special delight in catching him by the tail and dragging him around the floor of the cage. I interfered on beha
10 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CHAPTER V.
CHAPTER V.
Five little Brown Cousins: Mickie, Nemo, Dodo, Nigger, and McGinty—Nemo apologises to Dodo. During the past winter there lived in Central Park a bright, fine, little monkey by the name of Mickie. He did not belong to the Park, but was merely kept as a guest of the city during the absence of his master in Europe. Mickie is a well-built, robust, good-natured monkey of the Capuchin variety. He does not talk much except when he wants food or drink, but he and I are the best of friends, and I frequen
9 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CHAPTER VI.
CHAPTER VI.
Dago Talks about the Weather—Tells me of his Troubles—Dodo in the "Balcony Scene"—Her Portrait by a great Artist. On one of my visits to Chicago, in the autumn of 1890, I went to pay my respects to Dago, the little brown monkey in Lincoln Park. He had been sick for a while, and had not fully recovered, although he was able to receive visitors, and his appetite for pea-nuts was fairly well restored. On the morning of which I speak, it was dark and stormy. A fierce wind and terrible rain prevailed
8 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CHAPTER VII.
CHAPTER VII.
Interpretation of Words—Specific Words and Signs—The Negative Sign and Sounds—Affirmative Expressions—Possible Origin of Negative and Positive Signs. In my intercourse with these little creatures, I cannot forget how often I have caught the spirit of their tones when no ray of meaning as mere words of speech had dawned upon me, and it is partly through such means that I have been able to interpret them. As a rule, each act of a monkey is attended by some sound, and each sound by some act, which,
11 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CHAPTER VIII.
CHAPTER VIII.
Meeting with Nellie—Nellie was my Guest—Her Speech and Manners—The little Blind Girl—One of Nellie's Friends—Her Sight and Hearing—Her Toys, and how she Played with them. One of the most intelligent of all the brown Capuchins that I have ever seen was Nellie, who belonged to a dealer in Washington. When she arrived there, I was invited to call and see her. I introduced myself in my usual way, by giving her the sound for food, to which she promptly replied. She was rather informal, and we were so
11 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CHAPTER IX.
CHAPTER IX.
Affections—A little Flirtation—Some of my personal Friends. Nellie had spent much of her life in captivity and had been used to the society of children, for whom she showed the greatest fondness, and rarely ever betrayed the slightest aversion to any of them. She delighted to pat their cheeks, pull their ears, and tangle their hair. One of her favourite pastimes was to pull the hairpins out of my wife's hair so that she could get hold of it the better to play with, and my wife has often remarked
6 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CHAPTER X.
CHAPTER X.
The Capuchin Vocabulary—What I have Found—What I Foresee in it. Up to this time I have been able to determine with a fair degree of certainty nine words or sounds belonging to Capuchins, some of which sounds are so inflected as to have two or three different meanings, I think. The sound which I have translated food and found to have a much wider meaning, long perplexed me, because I found it used under so many conditions and had not been able to detect any difference of modulation. I find one fo
4 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CHAPTER XI.
CHAPTER XI.
The Word for Food in the Rhesus Dialect—The Rhesus Sound of Alarm—The Dialect of the White-face—Dolly Varden, "Uncle Remus," and others. From a number of sounds uttered by the Rhesus monkeys, I finally selected the word which, for many reasons, I believed meant food, and was the equivalent in meaning to that word in the Capuchin tongue. The phonetic character of the words differs very widely. The sound uttered by the Rhesus, as nearly as I can represent it by letters, is "nqu-u-w." The "u" sound
7 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CHAPTER XII.
CHAPTER XII.
Atelles or Spider Monkeys—The Common Macaque—Java Monkeys, and what they say—A Happy Family. I have caught one sound from the spider monkey by which I have been able to attract the attention of others of the same species, but I am as yet uncertain about its meaning. I do not believe that it has any reference to food; but I think perhaps it is a term of friendship, or a sound of endearment. One reason for this belief is, that I have heard it used on several occasions when a monkey of this kind wo
8 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CHAPTER XIII.
CHAPTER XIII.
The Extent of my Experiments—Apes and Baboons—Miscellaneous Records of Sound—The Vocal Index. In quest of the great secret of speech, I have pursued my investigations chiefly in the direction of learning one tongue, but incidentally I have made many detours, and I have recorded the sounds of many other forms of the animal kingdom, besides primates. I have examined the phonation of lions, tigers, leopards, cats, dogs, birds of many kinds, and the human voice in speech, music, and laughter. Beside
5 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CHAPTER XIV.
CHAPTER XIV.
Monkeys and the Mirror—Some of their Antics—Baby Macaque and her Papa—Some other Monkeys. I have incidentally mentioned elsewhere the use of the mirror in some of my experiments, but I have not described in detail how it affected various monkeys. Of course, it does not always affect the same monkey in the same way at different times, nor does it affect all monkeys of the same species in exactly the same way, and therefore I cannot deduce a rule from my experiments by which the species can be det
6 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CHAPTER XV.
CHAPTER XV.
Man and Ape—Their Physical Relations—Their Mental Relations—Evolution was the Means—Who was the Progenitor of the Ape?—The Scale of Life. If we could free our hands from the manacles of tradition and stand aloof from our prejudices, and look the stern facts in the face, we should be compelled to admit that between man and ape there is such a unity of design, structure and function, that we dare not in the light of reason deny to the ape that rank in Nature to which he is assigned by virtue of th
7 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CHAPTER XVI.
CHAPTER XVI.
The Faculty of Thought—Emotion and Thought—Instinct and Reason—Monkeys Reason—Some Examples. The study of biology has revealed many facts which conspire to show that the incipient forms of animal and vegetable life are the same in those two great kingdoms; and parallel with this fact, I think it can be shown that the faculty of expression goes hand in hand with life. And why should not this be the case? From the standpoint of religion, I cannot see why the bounty of God should not be equal to su
10 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CHAPTER XVII.
CHAPTER XVII.
Speech Defined—The True Nature of Speech—The Use of Speech—The Limitations of Speech. What is speech? I shall endeavour to define it in such terms as will relieve it of ambiguity, and deal with it as a known quantity in the problems of mental commerce. Speech is that form of materialised thought which is confined to oral sounds, when they are designed to convey a definite idea from mind to mind. It is, therefore, only one mode of expressing thought, and to come within the limits of speech, the s
6 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CHAPTER XVIII.
CHAPTER XVIII.
The Motives of Speech—Expression—The Beginning of Human Speech—The Present Condition of Speech. In vital economy, the search-light of science has found the protoplasm which from our present state of knowledge seems to be the first point of contact between elemental matter and the vital force. What secrets of biology remain unknown within the realm of life, only those who live in the future may ever know. In the first condition of vitalised matter we find the evidence of autonomy. Whatever may be
4 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CHAPTER XIX.
CHAPTER XIX.
Language embraces Speech—Speech, Words, Grammar, and Rhetoric. A definition of the word speech as used in this particular work is given elsewhere, and by this definition the word is used only in that sense which limits it to the sphere of oral sounds. It is that form of language which addresses itself only to the ear. The sounds which constitute it may be supplemented by signs or gestures, but such signs are only adjuncts, and are not to be regarded as an integral part of speech in its true sens
5 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CHAPTER XX.
CHAPTER XX.
Life and Consciousness—Consciousness and Emotion—Emotion and Thought—Thought and Expression—Expression and Speech—The Vocal Organs and Sound—Speech in City and Country—Music, Passions, and Taste—Life and Reason. At the beginning of life there is a consciousness which is not more feeble than is the life with which it is associated; and as that spark of life kindles into a flame, so that spark of consciousness kindles into the "ego," and nowhere can a line be drawn at which it may be said "here co
7 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CHAPTER XXI.
CHAPTER XXI.
Certain Marks which Characterise the Sounds of Monkeys as Speech—Sounds accompanied by Gestures—Certain Acts follow certain Sounds—They acquire new Sounds—Their Speech addressed to certain Individuals—Deliberation and Premeditation—They remember and anticipate Results—Thought and Reason. As a result of my experience with monkeys, I shall here sum up the chief points in which their speech is found to coincide with that of man, and note those features which distinctly characterise the sounds as a
5 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CHAPTER XXII.
CHAPTER XXII.
The Phonograph as an aid to Science—Vowels the basis of Phonation—Consonants developed from a Vowel basis—Vowels are Compound—The Analysis of Vowels by the Phonograph—Current Theories of Sound—Augmentation of Sounds—Sound Waves and Sound Units—Consonants among the Lower Races. The application of the phonograph to my special work is really the discovery of a new field of usefulness for that wonderful instrument, which, up to this time, has held the place of a toy more than that of a scientific ap
8 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CHAPTER XXIII.
CHAPTER XXIII.
The Human Voice—Human Bagpipe—Human Piccolo, Flute, and Fife—The Voice as a Whistle—Music and Noise—Dr. Bell and his "Visible Speech." One of the very curious feats which I have performed with the phonograph is the conversion of the human voice into the sounds of various instruments. I had my wife sing the familiar Scotch ballad, "Comin' through the Rye," to the phonograph while the cylinder was rotating at the rate of about forty revolutions per minute. Each word in the song was distinctly pron
3 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CHAPTER XXIV.
CHAPTER XXIV.
Some Curious Facts in Vocal Growth—Children and Consonants—Single, Double, and Treble Consonants—Sounds of Birds—Fishes and their Language—Insects and their Language. I shall take occasion here to mention some curious experiments, which have suggested themselves to me in my work with the phonograph. For lack of time and opportunity, I have not carried them far enough to give exact and final results; but it has occurred to me that philology may be aided by taking a record of the sounds made by a
9 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CHAPTER XXV.
CHAPTER XXV.
Facts and Fancies of Speech—Language in the Vegetable Kingdom—Language in the Mineral Kingdom. In the early part of this work I have recorded the material and tangible facts with which I have dealt, and have not departed from such facts to formulate a theory beyond a working hypothesis. I have not allowed myself to be transported into the realm of fancy, nor have I claimed for my work anything which lies beyond the bounds of proof. But in the wide range through which I have sought for the first
7 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CHAPTER XXVI.
CHAPTER XXVI.
THE SPEECH AND REASON OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. Dash and the Baby—Two Collies talk—Eunice understands her Mistress—Two Dogs and the Phonograph—A Canine Family—Cats and Dogs—Insects—Signs and Sounds. To those who are familiar with rural life, there can be nothing strange in hearing it said that all animals can talk among their kind. Among the daily incidents of farm life, there occur so many proofs of this as to place the question beyond debate. The cattle have means of conveying ideas to other cattle
12 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE WORKS OF HEINRICH HEINE.
THE WORKS OF HEINRICH HEINE.
TRANSLATED BY (HANS BREITMANN). Crown 8vo, Cloth, 5s. per volume. Volume I. FLORENTINE NIGHTS, SCHNABELEWOPSKI, THE RABBI OF BACHARACH, and SHAKESPEARE'S MAIDENS AND WOMEN. Times. —"We can recommend no better medium for making acquaintance at first hand with 'the German Aristophanes' than the works of Heinrich Heine, translated by Charles Godfrey Leland. Mr. Leland manages pretty successfully to preserve the easy grace of the original." Volumes II. and III. PICTURES OF TRAVEL, 1823-1828. In Two
51 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE POSTHUMOUS WORKS OF THOMAS DE QUINCEY.
THE POSTHUMOUS WORKS OF THOMAS DE QUINCEY.
Edited, with Introduction and Notes from the Author's Original MSS., by Crown 8vo, Cloth, 6s. VOLUME I. WITH OTHER ESSAYS. Times. —"Here we have De Quincey at his best. Will be welcome to lovers of De Quincey and good literature." VOLUME II. WITH OTHER ESSAYS. [ In preparation....
20 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
The Great Educators.
The Great Educators.
A new series, by writers of wide educational experience, on the leading movers in educational thought from the earliest time to the present day, will be issued under the general title of "The Great Educators." Much has been written of the great philosophical systems, and of the lives of great thinkers and founders of schools of philosophical speculation, yet nothing has so far been done to give a picture of what is at least of equal importance, the educational effects of these systems in the spe
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE GREAT WAR OF 1892.
THE GREAT WAR OF 1892.
A FORECAST. By REAR-ADMIRAL COLOMB, COL. MAURICE, R.A., MAJOR HENDERSON, Staff College, CAPTAIN MAUDE, ARCHIBALD FORBES, CHARLES LOWE, D. CHRISTIE MURRAY, F. SCUDAMORE, and SIR CHARLES DILKE. In this narrative, which is reprinted from the pages of Black and White , an attempt is made to forecast the course of events preliminary and incidental to the Great War which, in the opinion of military and political experts, will probably occur in the immediate future. The writers, who are well-known auth
7 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
Fiction.
Fiction.
THE NAULAHKA. A Tale of West and East. By Rudyard Kipling and Wolcott Balestier . Crown 8vo, cloth, 6 s. THE AVERAGE WOMAN. By Wolcott Balestier . With Portrait of the Author, and Biographical Introduction by Henry James . Small crown 8vo, 3 s. 6 d. NOR WIFE, NOR MAID. By Mrs. Hungerford , Author of "Molly Bawn," &c. In three volumes. 31 s. 6 d. ORIOLE'S DAUGHTER. A Novel. By Jessie Fothergill , Author of "The First Violin," &c. In two volumes. [ In the Press. THE HEAD OF THE FIR
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
The Crown Copyright Series.
The Crown Copyright Series.
Mr. Heinemann has made arrangements with a number of the First and Most Popular English , American , and Colonial Authors which will enable him to issue a series of New and Original Works , to be known as The Crown Copyright Series , complete in One Volume, at a uniform price of Five Shillings each . These Novels will not pass through an Expensive Two or Three Volume Edition, but they will be obtainable at the Circulating Libraries , as well as at all Booksellers' and Bookstalls. ACCORDING TO ST
2 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
Heinemann's International Library.
Heinemann's International Library.
Edited by EDMUND GOSSE. New Review. —"If you have any pernicious remnants of literary chauvinism I hope it will not survive the series of foreign classics of which Mr. William Heinemann, aided by Mr. Edmund Gosse, is publishing translations to the great contentment of all lovers of literature." Times. —"A venture which deserves encouragement." Each Volume has an Introduction specially written by the Editor. Price, in paper covers, 2 s. 6 d. each, or cloth, 3 s. 6 d. IN GOD'S WAY. From the Norweg
2 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
Popular 3s. 6d. Novels.
Popular 3s. 6d. Novels.
THE SCAPEGOAT. By Hall Caine , Author of "The Bondman," &c. Mr. Gladstone writes: —"I congratulate you upon 'The Scapegoat' as a work of art, and especially upon the noble and skilfully drawn character of Israel." Times. —"In our judgment it excels in dramatic force all his previous efforts. For grace and touching pathos Naomi is a character which any romancist in the world might be proud to have created." DAUGHTERS OF MEN. By Hannah Lynch , Author of "The Prince of the Glades," &amp
3 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
Popular Shilling Books.
Popular Shilling Books.
MADAME VALERIE. By F. C. Philips , Author of "As in a Looking-Glass," &c. THE MOMENT AFTER : A Tale of the Unseen. By Robert Buchanan . Athenæum. —"Should be read—in daylight." Observer. —"A clever tour de force ." Guardian. —"Particularly impressive, graphic, and powerful." CLUES ; or, Leaves from a Chief Constable's Note-Book. By William Henderson , Chief Constable of Edinburgh. Mr. Gladstone. —"I found the book full of interest." A New Series of handy Pocket Volumes. A VERY STRANGE FA
44 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
Dramatic Literature.
Dramatic Literature.
THE PLAYS OF ARTHUR W. PINERO. With Introductory Notes by Malcolm C. Salaman . 16mo, Paper Covers, 1 s. 6 d. ; or Cloth, 2 s. 6 d. each. THE TIMES : A Comedy in Four Acts. With a Preface by the Author. (Vol. I.) Daily Telegraph. —"'The Times' is the best example yet given of Mr. Pinero's power as a satirist. So clever is his work that it beats down opposition. So fascinating is his style that we cannot help listening to him." Morning Post. —"Mr. Pinero's latest belongs to a high order of dramati
3 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter