In the last score of years I have often been urged by friends and sympathizers to bring out as a separate issue my article, The Creed of the Old South, which appeared in the Atlantic Monthly of January, 1892, and which attracted wider attention than anything I have ever written. As this is the jubilee of the great year 1865, the memories of that distant time come thronging back to the actors in the momentous struggle, and I am prompted to publish in more accessible form my record of views and im

This article was prepared (in 1891) at the instance of Mr. Horace Scudder , the editor of the Atlantic Monthly, who had projected a series of papers to be written by men who by virtue of education, intellectual endowment and social position were supposed to be high and lifted up above vulgar passion and prejudice. The business of these elect gentlemen was to set forth the motives that urged them to an active participation in so rude an affair as war. After publication in the Atlantic, the essays

The ambitious title, "Two Wars," has been restored to the headline by typographical pressure. History is philosophy teaching by examples. Ps. Dionys. xi, 2 (399R): ἱστορἱα φιλοσοφἱα ἑστἱν ἑκ παραδειγμἁτων. [historia philosophia estin ek paradeigmatôn]. I had intended to call this study Two Wars, but I was afraid lest I should be under the domination of the title, and an elaborate comparison of the Peloponnesian War and the War between the States would undoubtedly have led to no little sophistica

Spangenberg was a literary "bummer." The real author was one Andreas Guarna of Salerno. See Fränkel , Zeitschrift für Litteraturgeschichte, xiii, 242. Pindar's words are: γλυκὑ δ' ἁπεἱροισι πὁλεμοϛ. [glyky d' apeiroisi polemos]. Concrete or abstract, there are general resemblances between any two wars, and so war lends itself readily to allegories. Every one has read Bunyan's Holy War. Not every one has read Spangenberg's Grammatical War. It is an ingenious performance, which fell into my hands

The processes of the two wars, then, were the same,—killing, wounding, frightening. The causes of the two wars resolved themselves into the elements of hatred. The details of the two wars meet at many points; only one must be on one's guard against merely fanciful, merely external resemblances. In 1860 I spent a few days in Holland, and among my various excursions in that fascinating country I took a solitary trip on a treckschuit from Amsterdam to Delft. Holland was so true to Dutch pictures th

This paper is rapidly becoming what life is,—a series of renunciations,—and the reader is by this time sufficiently enlightened as to the reasons why I gave up the ambitious title Two Wars, and substituted A Southerner in the Peloponnesian War. If I were a military man, I might have been tempted to draw some further illustrations from the history of the two struggles, but my short and desultory service in the field does not entitle me to set up as a strategist. I went from my books to the front,

ἁκοὑειϛ Αἱσχἱνη [akoueis Aischinê]; Dem. 18, 112. My Millwood friend was a scholar of the old times and would not have paused to consider whether the omission of ὡ [ô] was due to scorn of Æschines or dread of the hiatus. The war was a good time for the study of the conflict between Athens and Sparta. It was a great time for reading and re-reading classical literature generally, for the South was blockaded against new books as effectively, almost, as Megara was blockaded against garlic and salt.

A Confederate commentary on Thucydides, on the scale of the remarks just made on the name of the war, would outrun the lines of this study. Let us pass from Thucydides to the other contemporary chronicler who turns out some sides of the "Doric war" about which Thucydides is silent. The antique Clio gathers up her robe and steps tiptoe over rubbishy details that are the delight of the comic poet and the modern Muse of History. Thucydides, it is true, gives us a minute account of the plague. That

Postscript. —The bulk of the Notes would have been greatly augmented, if I had undertaken to explain 1892 as well as 1865 to the children of 1915. In 1892 Mr. Carnegie (p. 19) was not yet the benefactor of the outworn members of my own profession, and Mr. Charles Francis Adams was declaiming against the College Fetich to which I have borne a life long allegiance. To some of my own allusions I have lost the clue and find myself in the category with which Browning has made the world familiar....

"A poetical view of the Southern cause in the Civil War."—The Nation, January, 1892. "An attempt on the part of Professor Gildersleeve to make the Creed of the Old South seem a little less absurd than it has for twenty years past."—Springfield Republican. "Professor B. L. Gildersleeve states the Creed of the Old South in a way to make every Northern man respect those who took up arms like General Lee under the conviction that the State had the first claim upon their allegiance. The writer would

p. 108, l. 18, for 'Weir' read 'Weyer'. 111, l. 27, Lee's middle name was Kendall , not Knox . 115, l. 23, read 'As Gabriel on the devil'. 121, l. 15, read 'was and is'. 123, l. 6, for [Greek: zyg/on] read [Greek: zyg\on]. 124, l. 6, read Augustin e , 'as always in the Washington family' W. Gordon McCabe . 126, l. 6, for 427 read 417....