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THE PREFACE.
THE PREFACE.
Of what antiquity the Anatomy of Animals is, and how great have been its Improvements of later years, is well known. That of Vegetables is a subject which from all Ages to this day hath not only lain by uncultivated; but for ought I know, except some Observations of some of our own Countrey-men, hath not been so much as thought upon; whether for that the World hath been more enamoured with the former, or pity to humane frailty hath more obliged to it, or other Reasons, I need not enquire. But co
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CHAP. 1. Of the Seed as Vegetating.
CHAP. 1. Of the Seed as Vegetating.
The Method propounded. 1 , 2 . The Garden-Bean dissected. 2 . The two Coats thereof. 2 , 3 . The Foramen in the outer Coat , 3 , 4 . What generally observable of the Covers of the Seed , 4 . The main Body of the Seed , 5 , 6 . The Radicle distinguish’d. 6 . The Plume distinguish’d. 8 . Described. 9 . The Cuticle described. 10 , 11 . The Parenchyma . 11 , 12 . The Inner Body , how observed. 14 , 16 . Describ’d. 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 . The Coats how in common subservient to the Vegetation of the Seed
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CHAP. 2. Of the Root.
CHAP. 2. Of the Root.
The Skin hereof, its Original. 37 . The Cortical Body , its Original. 37 . Description. 37 , 38 . Pores. 38 . Proportions. 39 . The Lignous Body , its Original. 39 . Described by its Pores , 40 . Its Proportions. 42 . The Insertment , its original. 42 . Description. 43 . Pores. 43 . Number and size. 44 . A fuller description hereof, with that of the Osculations of the lignous Body . 44 , 45 . The Pith , its original sometimes from the Seed . 46 . Sometimes from the Cortical Body . 47 , 49 . Its
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CHAP. 3. Of the Trunk.
CHAP. 3. Of the Trunk.
The Skin , its original. 67 . The original of the Cortical Body . 67 . Of the lignous . 68 . Of the Insertment and Pith . 68 . The Latitudinal Shooting of the lignous Body , wherein observable. 69 . The Pores of the lignous Body , where and how most remarkable. 70 . The Pith of the same Pores . 70 . A lesser sort of Pores . 71 . A third sort only visible through a Microscope . Observed in Wood or Char-coal. 71 . Observed in the Fibres of the Trunks of Plants. 72 . 73 . The Insertions where more
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CHAP. 4. Of the Germen, Branch, and Leaf.
CHAP. 4. Of the Germen, Branch, and Leaf.
The Parts of the Germen and Branch the same with those of the Trunk . 104 , 105 . The manner of their growth. 105 , 107 . How nourished. 107 . And the use of Knots. 108 . How secur’d. 109 . The Parts of a Leaf. 110 . The Positions the Fibres of the Stalks of Leaves. 110 , 111 . The visible cause of the different shape of Leaves. 112 . And of their being flat. 113 . The Foulds of Leaves, their kinds and Use. 114-118 . The Protections of Leaves. 119 , 120 . The use of the Leaf. 120 , 123 . Thorns
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CHAP. 5. Of the Flower.
CHAP. 5. Of the Flower.
Its Impalement of divers kinds. 129 , 130 . Their use. 130 , 132 . The Foliation , its nature. 132 . Foulds. 133 , 134 . Protections. 135 . Downs. 135 . Globulets. 136 . Its Use. 137 , 139 . The Attire of two kinds. The Description of the first. 140 , 142 . Of the other. 143 , 145 . Their use. 145-148 ....
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CHAP. 6. Of the Fruit.
CHAP. 6. Of the Fruit.
The Number, Description, and Original of the Parts of an Apple . 149-152 . Of a Pear . 153 , 155 . Of a Plum . 155-159 . Of a Nut . 159 , 161 . Of a Berry . 161 , 162 . The use of the Fruit . 163-167 ....
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CHAP. 7. Of the Seed in its state of Generation.
CHAP. 7. Of the Seed in its state of Generation.
The Case , its Figures. 168 . The outer Coat, its Figures. 170 . Various Surface. 170 , 171 . And Mucilages. 171 , 172 . The nature of the outer Coat. 172 . Its Original. 173 , 174 . The Original of the inner. 174 . Its Nature. 175 , 176 . The Secondine . 177 , 178 . The Colliquamentum herein. 178 . The Navel Fibres . 179 , 180 . In the Generation of the Seed , the Sap first prepared in the Seed-Branch . 181 . Next in the inner Coat. 182 . With the help of the outer. 182 . The use of the Secondi
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Cl. Glissonius in Prolegomenis præfixis Libro de Hepatis Anatomia, c. 1.
Cl. Glissonius in Prolegomenis præfixis Libro de Hepatis Anatomia, c. 1.
Plantæ quoque in hunc censum ( sc. Anatomicum ) veniunt. Varia enim partium textura, & differentiis constant: & proculdubio ex accurata earundem diffectione, utiles valde Observationes nobis exurgerent; præstaretq; in illis (inferioris licet ordinis) rebus examinandis operam impendere, quam in transcribendis (ut sæpe fit) aliorum laboribus, inutiliter ætatem transigere. Quippe, hoc pacto, ignavarum apum more, aliena duntaxat alvearia expilamus, nihilq; bono publico adjicimus. Pag
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In some Copies.
In some Copies.
P. 168 . l. 4. r. ultimate end , and p. 170 . l. 22. r. Favous . The Reader is desired to excuse the misplacing of the Figures by the Graver, in the Authors absence. The above additions and corrections have been made, and in addition the following changes were made to correct suspected printing errors: Contents , “Coliquamentum” changed to “Colliquamentum” (The Colliquamentum herein.) Contents , “subsetvient” changed to “subservient” (how in common subservient) Page 13 , “anothet” changed to “an
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THE ANATOMY OF VEGETABLES Begun.
THE ANATOMY OF VEGETABLES Begun.
With a General Account of Vegetation founded thereon....
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CHAP. I. Of the Seed as Vegetating.
CHAP. I. Of the Seed as Vegetating.
Being to speak of Vegetables; and, as far as Inspection and consequent Reason may conduct, to enquire into the visible Constitutions and Uses of their several Parts; I chuse that Method which may with best advantage suit to what we have to say hereon: And that is the Method of Nature her self, in her continued Series of Vegetations, proceeding from the Seed sown, to the formation of the Root, Trunk, Branch, Leaf, Flower, Fruit, and last of all, of the Seed also to be sown again; all which we sha
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CHAP. II. Of the Root.
CHAP. II. Of the Root.
Having examin’d and pursu’d the Degrees of Vegetation in the Seed , we find its two Lobes have here their utmost period; and, that having conveyed their Seminalities into the Radicle and into the Plume ; these therefore as the Root and Trunk of the Plant still survive; Of these in their order we next proceed to speak; and first, of the Root : whereof, as well as of the Seed , we must by Dissection inform our selves. In Dissection of a Root then, we shall find it with the Radicle , as the Parts o
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An Appendix. Of Trunk-Roots and Claspers.
An Appendix. Of Trunk-Roots and Claspers.
The distinct Parts whereof these are constituted, are the same with those of the Trunk , and but the continuation of them. Trunk-Roots are of two kinds: Of the one, are those that vegetate by a direct descent: The place of their Eruption is sometimes all along the Trunk ; as in Mint , &c. Sometimes only at its utmost point, as in the Bramble . The other sort are such as neither ascend nor descend, but shoot forth at right Angles with the Trunk ; which therefore, though as to their Office
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An Appendix. Of Thorns, Hairs and Globulets.
An Appendix. Of Thorns, Hairs and Globulets.
Thorns are of two kinds, Lignous and Cortical . Of the first are such as those of the Hawthorn , and are constituted of all the same substantial Parts whereof the Germen it self, and in a like proportion: which also in their Infancy are set with the resemblances of divers minute Leaves. In affinity with these are the Spinets or Thorny Prickles upon the Verges and Tops of divers Leaves, as of Barberry , Holly , Thistle , Furze , and others; all which I think are the filamentous extremities of the
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CHAP. V. Of the Flower.
CHAP. V. Of the Flower.
We next proceed to the Flower . The general Parts whereof are most commonly three; sc. the Empalement , the Foliation , and the Attire . The Empalement , whether of one or more pieces, I call that which is the utmost part of the Flower , encompassing the other two. ’Tis compounded of the three general Parts, the Skin , the Cortical and Lignous Bodies ; each Empaler (where there are divers) being as another little Leaf; as in those of a Quince-Flower , as oft as they happen to be overgrown, is we
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CHAP. VI. Of the Fruit.
CHAP. VI. Of the Fruit.
The general composition of all Fruits is one, that is, their Essential and truly Vital Parts , are in all the same, and but the continuation of those which in the other Parts of a Vegetable , we have already observed: Yet because by the different Constitutions and Tinctures of these Parts, divers considerably different Fruits result; I shall therefore take a particular view of the more known and principal of them, sc. Apples , Pears , Plums , Nuts and Berries . An Apple , if cut traverse, appear
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CHAP. VII. Of the Seed.
CHAP. VII. Of the Seed.
As the Original, so the ultimate end & Perfection of Vegetation is the Seed . How it is the former, and in its state apt for Vegetation , hath already been seen. How the latter, and in its state of Generation, we shall now lastly enquire. In doing which, what in the other state was either not distinctly existent, or not so apparent, or not so intelligible, will occur. The two general Parts of the Seed are its Covers and Body . The Covers in this estate are usually four; the outmost we ma
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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
aaaa The Parenchyma . eeee The seminal Root distributed throughout the Parenchyma of either Lobe . b The Radicle , with the seminal Root running through it in one Trunk to the Point thereof. c The Plume , with the Distributions of its Inner Body continued from the seminal Root of either Lobe . xx The oblique Insertion of the two grand Branches of the Lobes into the Trunk of the Radicle ....
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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.
The Lobe of a Bean cut athwart. aaa The convex or external part thereof. bbb The concave side out of sight. cccc The Extremities of the Branches of the seminal Root , as they appear like so many small Specks in the traverse Cut....
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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.
The Plume cut athwart. The black Specks represent the Branches of the seminal Body thereinto inserted, or therein distributed....
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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5.
aaaa A Lobe of a Gourd-seed . cccc The greater Branches. ee The Sub-divisions and Inosculations of the lesser....
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Fig. 5. 00.
Fig. 5. 00.
AA A great white Lupine . aa The Navel-Fibres which strike from the Ramulets of the Seed-Branch , into the Lobes . ab The production of the Navel-Fibre into the Radicle ( b. ) c The Plume . bc The Pith . aeeee The distribution of the Navel-Fibre in the Lobes ; all becoming the seminal Root , describ’d in the first Chapter ....
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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6.
aaaa A Slice of the Root of a Tree. cccc The Cortical Body or Barque . e The Pith . The black Pieces are the Shootings of the Lignous Body . The Specks therein are its Pores . The White Pieces are the Insertions of the Cortical Body ....
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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7.
Sheweth the Root of Berbery in the Traverse Cut. aaa The Cortical Body or Barque . The white Lines are the Insertions . The Black Specks are the Pores of the Lignous Body ....
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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8.
aaaa The Cortical Body as appearing in a Turnep cut athwart. acdacd The Lignous Body , or the several Shoots thereof represented in their Ranks, by the black Lines; the Pricks made along the Lines being the Terminations of the said Shoots or Fibres; not visible except in a thin slice, or after the Surface of the Turnep , being cut, is well dried. cccc The Cortical Body inserted betwixt the Shootings of the Lignous : or the Pith . ab ab A piece of the Cortical Body taken off, that its own Inserti
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The Appearance of divers Roots, in their Elder estate, as ex. gr. of a Columbine.
The Appearance of divers Roots, in their Elder estate, as ex. gr. of a Columbine.
Fig. 9. The Fibrous parts of the Root , where the Lignous Body stands Central; the Pores whereof are represented by the black Specks. 10. The Root cut a little higher, where the Cortical Body sometimes appears only once inserted. 11. The Root cut higher with the Insertions in some number. 12. The Insertions still more numerous. 13. The Pith ( a ) now begun, the said Insertions being collected in the Center. 14. The Pith ( a ) more amplified....
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Fig. 15.
Fig. 15.
Sheweth a small piece of the Trunk of Burdock . a The just size thereof to the naked Eye. aaaa The appearance of it through a Microscope . lll The Inserted Cortical Body . ccc The outmost shooting of the Lignous Body distributed into the Leaves. ee bb tt The inner Shootings or Fibres distributed to the Branches. The Black Specks are their Pores, which, through a Microscope are fairly visible in them all....
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Fig. 16.
Fig. 16.
aaaa The Slice of a Trunk of divers years growth. cccc The Cortical Body , or Barque . e The Pith . The white Lines are the Insertions of the Cortical Body or Barque . The Black Lines are the lignous Body . The several Shootings thereof betwixt the black Circles shew the Annuall Rings....
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Fig. 17.
Fig. 17.
Sheweth a small piece of Oak cut athwart. b The just bigness of it, as it appeareth to the naked eye. bbbb The appearance thereof through a Microscope . aaaa The greater Insertions visible to the bare eye. The white Lines are the smaller Insertions only visible by the Microscope . cccccc The greater Pores visible to the bare eye. eeeeee The middle sized. The black Spots are the smallest of all, and both these latter visible only through the Microscope . c The Pith of every great Pore....
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Fig. 18.
Fig. 18.
aaaa A piece of the Leaf of a Table. bbbb The lignous Body with its Pores running by the length of the Trunk. cccc The Insertions of the Cortical Body , with the Tract of their Pores running directly cross to those of the lignous , viz. by the Diameter or breadth of the Trunk....
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Fig. 19.
Fig. 19.
A Slice of a younger Trunk of a Burdock . cccc The utmost Shootings of the lignous Body contiguous to the Skin; wholly distributed into the outer Leaves. eeee The middle Shootings running chiefly into the lower Germens . et et &c. The inner Shootings belonging to the higher Germens . a The Pith ....
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The various Disposure, Size and Figure of the Fibres in the Stalk of a Leaf.
The various Disposure, Size and Figure of the Fibres in the Stalk of a Leaf.
FINIS. Transcriber’s Note: The figures can be clicked for larger versions, if you are using a device that supports this. Fig: 19 Fig: 1 Fig: 16 Fig: 2 Fig: 3 Fig: 15 Fig: 5 Fig: 4 Fig: 8 Fig: 6 Fig: 7 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Fig: 9 10 11 12 13 14 Fig: 17 Fig: 18...
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