BY CHARLES HOMER HASKINS AND ROBERT HOWARD LORD Publisher mark CAMBRIDGE HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON: HUMPHREY MILFORD OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1920 COPYRIGHT, 1920 HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINTED IN THE U.S.A. TO ARCHIBALD CARY COOLIDGE The purpose of the lectures here published is to give a rapid survey of the principal elements in that territorial settlement of Europe which has been pronounced “the most reasonable part of the work of the Conference” [1] of Paris. Each problem is placed in

Great peace conferences are proverbially slow bodies. The negotiators of Münster and Osnabrück spent five years in elaborating the treaty of Westphalia; the conferences of Paris and Vienna labored a year and a half at undoing the work of Napoleon. Judged by these standards, the Peace Conference of 1919 was an expeditious body. It began its sessions January 18 and adjourned December 9. It submitted the treaty with Germany, including the covenant of the League of Nations, May 7; the treaty with Au

The published records of the Paris Conference are limited to the official reports of the plenary sessions and the official text of the treaties, in French and English, with authoritative maps, subject to correction after the frontiers have been fixed on the spot. The proceedings of the Council of Ten and the Council of Five were kept by a regular secretariat, those of the Council of Four less officially and systematically; these minutes were manifolded but not printed. The minutes of the various

On the problem of Schleswig the best collection is the Manual historique de la question du Slesvig , ed. F. de Jessen (Copenhagen, 1906); supplemented by Le Slesvig du Nord, 1906-1914 (Copenhagen, 1915). For a German view, see E. Daenell, Das Dänentum in Nordschleswig seit 1864 (Kiel, 1913). After the armistice Daenell protested strongly against the surrender of any part of Schleswig to Denmark: Has Denmark a claim to North Sleswick? (Münster, 1918). For a summary of conditions under Prussian ru

The best history of Alsace is R. Reuss, Histoire d’Alsace (11th edition, Paris, 1916). There is no analogous work for Lorraine; see C. Pfister, La Lorraine, le Barrois, et les Trois Evêchés (Paris, 1912). A good recent book in German is lacking; see Lorenz and Scherer, Geschichte des Elsass (Berlin, 1886). For the seventeenth century, see R. Reuss, L’Alsace au xviiᵉ siècle (Paris, 1897-98). On the cession of 1871, see G. May, Le traité de Francfort (Paris, 1909); and for the fixing of the fronti

The history of the Left Bank is examined from various points of view by the Comité d’Etudes, i: L’Alsace-Lorraine et la frontière du Nord-est (1918). E. Babelon, Le Rhin dans l’histoire (Paris, 1916-17), is the fullest account from the point of view of the Rhine as the historical frontier of France. See also L. Madelin, in the Revue des deux Mondes , December 1, 1918; the pamphlets of Babelon, Driault, de Grailly, Milhaud, Stiénon, etc., issued in the same years; and the enquête published by the

One of the most useful aids to the study of questions relating to Poland is Professor E. Romer’s admirable Geographic and Statistical Atlas of Poland , published in Polish, French, and German: Warsaw and Cracow, 1916. An English edition is soon to be issued. Almost all sides of Polish life today, political, economic, intellectual, and artistic, are described in compendious and scholarly fashion, and with an abundance of maps, statistics, and historical information, in the works published during

Joseph Chavannes’ Physikalisch-statistischer Hand-Atlas von Oesterreich-Ungarn , Vienna, 1887, is still the best cartographic introduction to Austrian problems. Among the best general works dealing with the late Hapsburg monarchy, one would name: A. Chéradame, L’Europe et la question d’Autriche au seuil du XXᵉ siècle . 4th ed. Paris, 1906. B. Auerbach, Les Races et les nationalités en Autriche-Hongrie . 2d ed. Paris, 1917. H. Wickham Steed, The Habsburg Monarchy . 2d ed. London, 1914. V. Gayda,

Probably the best history of Hungary available in any Western language is that by E. Sayous: Histoire générale des Hongrois , Budapest, 1900. Conditions in Hungary before the War are described from the Magyar point of view in: Percy Alden (ed.), Hungary of Today. By members of the Hungarian Government . (Apponyi, Kossuth, Wekerle, etc.) London, 1909. C. M. Knatchbull-Hugessen, The Political Evolution of the Hungarian Nation . 2 vols. London, 1908. The author who has done more than any other one

In view of the fact that most of the numerous ethnographic maps of the Balkan Peninsula are works of propaganda or else are copied from earlier works so that they often have no independent value, it is a not inessential precaution to consult the article by Haardt von Hartenturm, “Die Kartographie der Balkanhalbinsel im 19. Jht.,” in the Mitteilungen des k. k. Militär-geographischen Instituts , xxi, Vienna, 1901. The later maps are enumerated by Jovan Cvijić in his article, “Die ethnographische A