In The Forbidden Land - free ebook by Arnold Henry Savage Landor

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In The Forbidden Land

Arnold Henry Savage Landor

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IN THE FORBIDDEN LAND

IN THE FORBIDDEN LAND

Spine Cover Times : "The ordinary reader will be struck with the portraits, which show that in a very few weeks he must have endured a lifetime of concentrated misery. Other travellers, no doubt, have gone further, but none who have escaped with their lives have fared worse.... Mr. Landor tells a plain and manly tale, without affectation or bravado. It is a book, certainly, that will be read with interest and excitement." Athenæum : "The account he has written of his travels and adventures is vi

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LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN 1899

LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN 1899

First Edition (2 Vols. 8vo), October 1898 New Impression (2 Vols. 8vo), November 1898 New Edition (1 Vol. 8vo), May 1899 This Edition enjoys copyright in all Countries signatory to the Berne Treaty, and is not to be imported into the United States of America....

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PREFACE

PREFACE

In this book I have set down the record of a journey in Tibet undertaken by me during the spring, summer and autumn of 1897. It is illustrated partly from my photographs and partly from sketches made by me on the spot. Only as regards the torture scenes have I had to draw from memory, but it will be easily conceded that their impression must be vivid enough with me. The map is made entirely from my surveys of an area of twelve thousand five hundred square miles in Tibet proper. In Chapter VI. th

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CHAPTER I

CHAPTER I

A Chinese Passport A Chinese Passport On leaving London, I intended to proceed viâ Germany to Russia, traverse Russian Turkestan, Bokhara and Chinese Turkestan, and from there enter Tibet. The Russian Government had readily granted me a special permission to take free of duty through their territory my firearms, ammunition, provisions, photographic cameras, surveying and other scientific instruments, and moreover informed me, through H.E. Sir Nicholas O'Conor, then our Ambassador in St. Petersbu

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CHAPTER II

CHAPTER II

I knew that from Naini Tal, 6407 feet (sixty feet above lake level), all my loads would have to be transported on the backs of coolies, and therefore they had to be divided into equal weights not exceeding twenty-five seers, or fifty pounds. I packed instruments, negatives, and articles liable to get damaged, in cases of my own make designed especially for rough usage. A set of four such cases, of well-seasoned deal wood, carefully joined and fitted, zinc-lined, and soaked in a special preparati

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CHAPTER III

CHAPTER III

The country up to Bhot is comparatively well-known, therefore I will not dwell at length on the first portion of my journey. On May 9 all my baggage, accompanied by two Chaprassis , left on its way to the frontier, and I followed on the next day. Two days' marching, at the rate of twenty-five miles a day, brought me to Shor, otherwise called Pithoragarh. The road is good all the way, running through thick forests of pine and fir trees, and you get here and there pretty views of wooded mountain r

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CHAPTER IV

CHAPTER IV

We had walked seventy-eight miles in three marches, and my men being footsore, I gave them a day's rest, which I employed in going to the haunts of the "Wild men of the forest," or Raots or Rajis , as they style themselves. They live in the woods several miles off, and to reach them I had to descend a steep incline covered by an uncommonly slippery carpet of dried grass and pine needles. I had to take off shoes and stockings to get along, and even bare-footed I found it difficult to maintain my

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CHAPTER V

CHAPTER V

Having returned to Askote from my excursion, I saw while going round the town with Jagat Sing, in a low stone shed by the side of the palace, the tall gaunt figure of a man emerging from a cloud of smoke. "Who is that?" I inquired of my companion. "Oh, that is a fakir returning from a pilgrimage to the sacred lake of Mansarowar in Tibet. Many of these fanatics pass through here during the summer on their religious journeys." The Rajiwar of Askote, his Brother and Son The Rajiwar of Askote, his B

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CHAPTER VI

CHAPTER VI

There are two principal highways from Khela to Hundes: one by the valley of the Dholi or Darma River, the other along the Kali River and over the Lippu Pass. View of the Himahlyas—showing Nanda Devi and Trisul Peaks View of the Himahlyas—showing Nanda Devi and Trisul Peaks The trade route viâ Darma is less frequented than the one by the Lippu, but it is nevertheless of considerable importance, inasmuch as a certain portion of the trade of South-west Tibet with India is carried on through the med

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CHAPTER VII

CHAPTER VII

The name Bhot , pronounced Bod, Pote, Tüpöt, or Taipöt, by which this inter-Alpine region is called, means Tibet. In fact Tibet is probably merely a corruption of Tüpöt . These lofty "pattis" of Darma, Bias, and Chaudas nominally form part of the British Empire, our geographical boundary with Nari Khorsum or Hundes (Great Tibet), being the main Himahlyan chain forming the watershed between the two countries. In spite of this actual territorial right, I found at the time of my visit in 1897 that

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CHAPTER VIII

CHAPTER VIII

To reach Shosha I had to climb a further three miles, which proved almost as steep as the previous ascent to Pungo. A curious custom of praying by wind-power, probably borrowed from the Tibetans, prevails among the Shokas. The Tibetans, with a more intense religion than the Shokas, use for this purpose not only the wind but even water to propel their praying machines. Let me explain these simple mechanical contrivances for prayers. One or more rags or pieces of cloth, usually white, but on occas

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CHAPTER IX

CHAPTER IX

The weather again became rainy and cold. The reports that I received of the state of the roads farther up were not encouraging. "The track is impassable," said an old Shoka who had just arrived from Garbyang. "The Lippu Pass by which you wish to enter Tibet is still closed, and there is much snow on it still. Then the Jong Pen of Taklakot in Tibet, having been left unpunished for his last years' attack on Lieutenant Gaussen, has now a strong guard of three hundred men to prevent foreigners enter

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CHAPTER X

CHAPTER X

The renowned Nerpani , or Nerpania , "waterless track," begins at Gibti. Very few travellers have been on this road, and by the accounts brought back many people have been prevented from imitating their example. The Nerpani Road The Nerpani Road Personally I found the track far better than I anticipated. I have been on worse mountain roads among less precipitous cliffs. From what I had heard it seemed as if the greater part of the road for several miles was supported on crowbars fixed in the roc

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CHAPTER XI

CHAPTER XI

My arrival at Garbyang was watched by hundreds of men, women, and children, all squatting on the edge of the flat mud roofs of their habitations, while a few dozen people followed me respectfully to my camping ground beyond the village. A large tent had been put up for me by Pundit Gobaria's brother, who had been informed of my coming by Anti Ram Sah, my banker at Almora. Mr. G., Deputy Commissioner, arrived later. I was very anxious to make immediate arrangements to enter Tibet, but all my effo

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CHAPTER XII

CHAPTER XII

The Jong Pen of Taklakot, on hearing of my proposed visit, sent threats that he would confiscate the land of any man who came in my employ, besides menaces of "flogging" and subsequent "beheading" of myself and any one caught with me. Personally I paid little attention to these intimidations. Consulting the calendar one day—a thing I did with great regularity in these regions—I made out that it was the first of June, and I then remembered that the following day would be my birthday. Feasts were

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CHAPTER XIII

CHAPTER XIII

They are indeed Nature's gentlemen, these worthy Shokas, and as such they did all in their power to make my stay among them pleasant. It was a contest between them as to who should entertain me first, and who should be the next. Invitations to breakfast and dinner literally poured in; and those convenient "sick headaches," "colds," and "previous engagements," so opportune in more conventional parts, were of no avail here. No card—no friendly note bade one to come and be merry. They generally arr

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CHAPTER XIV

CHAPTER XIV

At Kuti I halted and summoned the leading natives to my tent. Would it be possible, I asked them, to get over the Lumpiya Pass or the still higher Mangshan? The first is a rarely frequented pass on the way to Gyanema, the other a high and most difficult pass by which it is possible, though not easy, to reach the Rakstal Lake by the jungle without going near a Tibetan settlement or encampment. "No," was the decided answer from all the Shokas. "The snow is now too deep. Fresh snow falls daily. For

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CHAPTER XV

CHAPTER XV

On hearing that Dr. Wilson was now in Garbyang I went to call upon him. Squatted on soft Chinese and Tibetan mats and rugs, we were enjoying cup after cup of tea and devouring chapatis , when suddenly the whole building began to shake and rumble in the queerest manner, upsetting teapot and milk and sending the chapatis roaming to and fro all over the room. Leaving Dr. Wilson to save our precious beverage, I pulled out watch and compass to notice duration and direction of the shock. It was undula

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CHAPTER XVI

CHAPTER XVI

Motema, a Shoka Beauty Motema, a Shoka Beauty One Shoka institution, surprising in a primitive people, but nevertheless, to my way of thinking, eminently sensible and advantageous, is the Rambang, a meeting-place or club where girls and young men come together at night, for the sake of better acquaintance, prior to entering into matrimony. Each village possesses one or more institutions of this kind, and they are indiscriminately patronised by all well-to-do people, who recognise the institution

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FUNERAL RITES

FUNERAL RITES

The Shokas ascribe death to the departure of the soul from the body, and to this notion is due the curious reverence they show for the spirit or memory of their dead. I witnessed a funeral ceremony quaint enough to deserve record. A man had died a painful death, the result of an accident. His friends were immediately sent for, and the corpse, having been smeared with butter ( ghi ), was dressed in his best clothes. They bent his body double before the rigor set in, and placed him on a hurriedly

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CHAPTER XVIII

CHAPTER XVIII

The day of my departure came. It was after dark. Outside my dwelling a crowd of Shokas had assembled. I bade farewell to my host Zeheram and to his wife and children, who with tears in their eyes wished me God-speed. Kachi and his Relations Kachi and his Relations "Salaam, sahib, salaam!" repeated Zeheram, sobbing and bringing his hand respectfully to his forehead. "You know, sahib, that a horse goes to a horse, a tiger to a tiger, a yak to a yak, and a man to a man. A man's house is another man

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CHAPTER XIX

CHAPTER XIX

At 4 a.m. , before the sun rose, I made a fresh and hurried start. I proceeded quickly to the spot where I had left the two drunken men. They had gone ahead. Indeed the track was a bad and dangerous one, overhanging precipices, and hardly wide enough to give standing room upon it. We came to a spot where the narrow path stopped. There was before us a perpendicular rock descending straight as a wall to the Kali River. The corrosive action of dripping water and melting snow, of which last there se

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CHAPTER XX

CHAPTER XX

I was examining a young woman who had badly injured and partly fractured a central vertebra of the spine, when Dr. Wilson turned up and gave the poor wretch the little relief possible in her condition, for which she had hoped in vain from me. He was welcome to me for many reasons besides the pleasure of being in his company. He had offered to join my expedition for a few marches into Tibet, and I was glad indeed to have him with me. We pushed on as soon as possible over the road between Nabi and

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CHAPTER XXI

CHAPTER XXI

Before leaving Kuti, I went to see the curious and ancient castle perched on a small hill about three hundred yards south of the village. It is now in ruins, with the exception of a quadrangular tower called by the natives the Kuti Ker, but the foundations of the whole structure can still be plainly seen. I made a plan, which is here reproduced, as it may be of archæological interest. The natives could give me no information regarding it, except that it was once a king's palace strongly fortifie

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CHAPTER XXII

CHAPTER XXII

One of the main drawbacks of travelling at these great altitudes was the want of vegetable fuel. There was not a tree, not a shrub to be seen near our camp. Nature wore her most desolate and barren look. Failing wood, my men dispersed to collect and bring in the dry dung of yak, pony and sheep to serve as fuel. Kindling this was no easy matter, box after box of matches was quickly used, and our collective lung power severely drawn upon in fanning the unwilling sparks into a flame only a few inch

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CHAPTER XXIII

CHAPTER XXIII

From Kuti I had despatched a sturdy Shoka, named Nattoo, to ascertain whether it was possible to cross the chain over the high Mangshan Pass, as in this case I should be enabled to get many marches into Tibet by the jungle without fear of being detected. I should thus get behind the force of soldiers which I was informed the Jong Pen of Taklakot had concentrated at the Lippu Pass to prevent my entering the country, and before they could have time to discover my whereabouts I should be too far ah

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CHAPTER XXIV

CHAPTER XXIV

The Mangshan River rises from this glacier, but we left the glacier (17,800 feet) to the right, and, turning sharply northwards, began our ascent towards the pass. To gaze upon the incline before us was alone sufficient to deter one from attempting to climb it, had one a choice; in addition to this, the snow we struggled over was so soft and deep that we sank into it up to our waists. Occasionally the snow alternated with patches of loose débris and rotten rock, on which we were no better off; i

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CHAPTER XXV

CHAPTER XXV

At 9 a.m. we were ready again to start. The thermometer registered 40° inside the tent, and the minimum temperature outside during the night had been 14°. We followed the Kuti River at the foot of the mountain range, travelling in a direction of 298° (b.m). On rounding a prominent headland, where the Kuti River flows through a narrow passage, we saw facing us on a mound, fourteen stone pillars and pyramids with white stones on them and the customary flying prayers of cloth. It is from this point

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CHAPTER XXVI

CHAPTER XXVI

In a hurricane of grit and drenching rain we packed up our traps as best we could and again started on our way. I was slightly in advance when, to my surprise, I noticed, some two hundred yards only from camp, a double line of recent footmarks on the snow. Those coming towards us were somewhat indistinct and nearly covered with grit, those going in the opposite direction seemed quite recent. After carefully examining these footprints, I felt pretty certain that they had been made by a Tibetan. W

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CHAPTER XXVII

CHAPTER XXVII

We altered our course from N. to N.E., rising to 16,600 feet, and leaving the high tableland to the west. We arrived at Lama Chokden (or Chorten), a pass protected by a Tibetan guard, who quickly turned out, matchlocks in hand, as we approached. They seemed a miserable lot, and not only offered no resistance, but actually begged for money and food. They complained of ill-treatment by their superiors, stating that they received no pay, and even food was only occasionally sent to them at this outp

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CHAPTER XXVIII

CHAPTER XXVIII

In front of our camp was a great stretch of flat alluvial land, which had been, to all appearance, at some remote time the bed of a large lake about ten miles long and fourteen wide. With my telescope I could see plainly to 40° (b.m.), at the foot of a small hill, the camping-ground of Karko. There were many tents, and my men seemed much reassured when by their shape and colour we made them out to be those of the Joharis from Milam, who come over at this place to trade with the Hunyas [16] . To

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CHAPTER XXIX

CHAPTER XXIX

Quite early the next morning we were roused by the distant sound of tinkling horse-bells. On looking out of the tent, I saw a long row of pack-ponies heavily laden, escorted by a number of mounted soldiers with matchlocks and spears. It was evident that some high official was coming. This advance detachment consisted of his subalterns and his baggage. They took a long sweep far away from our tent and dismounted by the Gyanema fort. Other soldiers and messengers were constantly arriving in groups

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CHAPTER XXX

CHAPTER XXX

We reached the summit of the hill and crossed to the other side. My men went on down the slope, but I remained, screened by a large stone, to observe with my telescope the folks at Gyanema. No sooner had my last man disappeared on the other side of the pass, than the cavalrymen jumped into their saddles and, raising clouds of dust, galloped after us. This was what I had expected. I hastened to rejoin my men. When down in the plain, I again took my telescope, and watched the sky-line of the hill

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CHAPTER XXXI

CHAPTER XXXI

The hour fixed for my flight was 9 p.m. Five men had been induced to follow me by the offer of a handsome reward. At the hour appointed no single one of them had put in an appearance. I went in search of them. One man had purposely injured his feet and was disabled, another pretended to be dying, the others positively refused to come. They were shivering with fright and cold. "Kill us, sahib, if you like," they implored of me, "but we will not follow you." At 3 a.m. all attempts to get even one

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CHAPTER XXXII

CHAPTER XXXII

By eight o'clock in the evening I had collected all the men who had promised to follow me. They comprised my bearer, Kachi and six coolies. We named this camp "Devil's Camp," for diabolical indeed was the wind that shook our tents, not to speak of the snow blown into our shelters by the raging storm. During the night the wind grew in fury. Neither wood, dung, nor lichen for fuel was to be found. Our tents were pitched at 16,900 feet above sea-level, and to ascend to the summit of the range would

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CHAPTER XXXIII

CHAPTER XXXIII

At 1 p.m. we woke up, drenched to the skin, the sun having thawed the thick coating of snow over us. This camp was at 18,000 feet. The wind from the S.E. cut like a knife, and we suffered from it, not only on this occasion, but every day during the whole time we were in Tibet. It begins to blow with great fierceness and regularity at one o'clock in the afternoon, and it is only at about eight in the evening that it sometimes abates and gradually ceases. Frequently, however, the wind, instead of

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CHAPTER XXXIV

CHAPTER XXXIV

In front of us, to the N.E., was a high mountain, then farther towards the East, a narrow valley between two hill ranges, while at 238° (b.m.) a river passed through a picturesque gorge in the direction of the Mangshan Mountain. It was necessary for me to proceed along the valley to the east, as we should thus save ourselves much trouble, time and exertion, though there would be some risk of our meeting Tibetans, especially bands of dacoits, with whom this part of Nari Khorsum [18] is infested.

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CHAPTER XXXV

CHAPTER XXXV

The food supply for my men was now reduced in all to four pounds of flour, two pounds of rice, and two pounds of sato . This we gave to the four men who were to attempt to enter Taklakot, for their road would be long and fatiguing. For us, there were plenty of nettles to fall back upon. I carefully instructed the four Shokas how to enter the Tibetan fort one by one in their disguises, and purchase, in small quantities at a time, the provisions we required. When a sufficient amount was obtained t

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CHAPTER XXXVI

CHAPTER XXXVI

We named this spot "Terror Camp," for many and horrible were the experiences that befell us here. Another weary day dragged slowly to its close, and there was still no sign of the messengers' return. Two men volunteered to go into Kardam, a settlement some miles off, and try to obtain food from the Tibetans. One of them had a friend at this place, and he thought he could get from him sufficient provisions to enable us to go on a few days longer. They started, disguised as pilgrims, a disguise no

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CHAPTER XXXVII

CHAPTER XXXVII

On my last scouting journey up the hill above the camp, I had espied, by the aid of my telescope, the encampment of a guard of Tibetans, about three miles north of us, and I informed my followers of this fact. In the morning, when we again dug up the main part of our baggage and made ready to start, one of the men, the Kutial Nattoo, came forward and professed to be able to guide us directly to the Mansarowar Lake. He seemed very anxious to undertake this task, saying that there would be no chan

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CHAPTER XXXVIII

CHAPTER XXXVIII

During our night marches, up and down mountain ranges of considerable height, we naturally had adventures and escapes far too numerous to relate here in exact detail, and I shall not give a full description of each march on account of the unavoidable monotony of such a narrative. In constant storms of grit and snow we crossed range after range, travelling during the night and hiding by day, camping at very great altitudes and undergoing considerable privations. I steered my men towards the Rakst

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CHAPTER XXXIX

CHAPTER XXXIX

We wended our way along a narrow valley towards the shore of the Devil's Lake, halting to cook our food about half a mile from the water's edge, and I took this opportunity to make observations for longitude. Also altitude with hypsometrical apparatus. Water boiled at 185° with temperature of atmosphere at 64°. I had just repacked my instruments, and was lying flat in the sun, some distance away from my men, when I thought I saw something move. Jumping up, I beheld a stalwart Tibetan stealing al

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CHAPTER XL

CHAPTER XL

Just before leaving the shores of the Rakstal I had a great slice of luck. It happened thus. We had been detected by another band of dacoits who were trying their hardest to overtake us. I had been spying them with my telescope as they rode in our direction. They were driving some twenty yaks in front of them at an unusually fast pace. The dacoits rode ponies. We were about a mile and a half ahead of them now, and close to the edge of the Devil's Lake. We saw them coming down the hillside at a b

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CHAPTER XLI

CHAPTER XLI

In a way, I was sorry when my interview with the Jogpas came to an end, for, although they were undoubtedly brigands, they were certainly interesting. Their original and curious dress and manner of conversation, their unusual but eminently suitable mode of eating, and their jovial freedom of demeanour, were really quite refreshing. Their dress was quite representative of Tibet, for the men wore a great variety of coats and hats, probably owing to the facility with which they obtained them, and n

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CHAPTER XLII

CHAPTER XLII

We had marched on the same afternoon about half a mile in the direction of Mansarowar, when we were overtaken by one of the Dakus, whom we had left a short time before. He rode towards us, apparently in a great state of excitement. Having dismounted, he drew his sword and began chasing one of my yaks. This seemed so strange a proceeding that we were at a loss to understand his intentions, but as he screamed to us that he meant no harm we let him go on. He eventually overtook one recalcitrant yak

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CHAPTER XLIII

CHAPTER XLIII

We descended some two miles to the plain, and crossed a rapid delta of the Langa Tsangpo or Langa River; then another, a mile farther. As these rivers came directly from the snows, the water was very cold, and often three or four feet deep, owing to the thawing of the snow and ice during the day. No sooner had we reached the shores of the Mansarowar, than the heavy clouds which had been hanging over our heads poured forth such a torrent of rain, that in a moment we were drenched to the skin. We

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CHAPTER XLIV

CHAPTER XLIV

Our abode was a one-storeyed house built of stones and mud with a flat roof. There were two rooms, the first lighted by the door, the second and larger having a square aperture in the ceiling for the triple purpose of ventilation, lighting and outlet for the smoke of the fire, which burnt directly underneath in the centre of the room. The beams and rafters supporting the roof had been brought over from the other side of the Himahlyas, as no wood is to be found in Western Tibet. This serai was in

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CHAPTER XLV

CHAPTER XLV

Several Lamas came to visit me in the morning, and professed to be pleased to see us; in fact they asked me to go and pay them a visit in the Lamasery and temple. They said there was much sickness in the village, and as they believed me to be a Hindoo doctor, they wished I could do something to relieve their sufferings. I promised to do all I could, and was very glad to have this unique chance of visiting a Lamasery, and of studying the cases that would be brought before me. I carried my rifle i

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CHAPTER XLVI

CHAPTER XLVI

After Chanden Sing and I had entered into the Lamasery, the large door, which had been pushed wide open, was immediately closed. We were in a spacious courtyard, three sides of which had two tiers of galleries supported by columns. This was the Lhaprang , or Lama's house, and directly in front of me was the Lha Kang , or temple, the floor of which was raised some five feet above the level of the ground, with a very large door leading into it. At this entrance were, one on either side, recesses i

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CHAPTER XLVII

CHAPTER XLVII

Before I left the monastery, the Lamas, who had now become more or less accustomed to me, asked me many questions regarding India and concerning medicine. These seemed to be subjects of great interest to them. They also questioned me as to whether I had heard that a young sahib had crossed over the frontier with a large army, which the Jong Pen of Taklakot had defeated, beheading the sahib and the principal members of the expedition. I professed to be ignorant of these facts, and so I really was

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CHAPTER XLVIII

CHAPTER XLVIII

The Lamas became quite communicative, enabling me, partly with the little Hindustani that I knew and partly with the Tibetan I had picked up, to enter into a conversation about illnesses and their remedies, certain as I was that they must have strange notions on the subject. I was not disappointed in this surmise, and from that conversation and my own observation on previous and subsequent occasions, I am able to give a few details of the methods of the Lamas in curing the more frequent ailments

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CHAPTER XLIX

CHAPTER XLIX

Strange as the Tibetan remedies seemed to be, none came up, as far as interest went, to one I saw applied at a place called Kutzia. I had entered a camp of some twenty or thirty tents, when my attention was drawn to an excited crowd collected round an old man whose garments had been removed. He was tightly bound with ropes, and agony was depicted on his features. A tall, long-haired man with red coat and heavy boots knelt by the side of the sufferer and prayed fervently, twirling round a prayer-

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CHAPTER L

CHAPTER L

When I left the Gomba, having been salaamed to the ground by my new friends the Lamas, I walked about the village to examine all there was to be seen. Along the water's edge stood a number of dilapidated Chokdens made of mud and stones, with a square base surmounted by a moulding, and an upper decoration in steps, topped by a cylindrical column. They were in a row at the east end of the village, and, as is well known, they are supposed to contain a piece of bone, cloth or metal, and books or par

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CHAPTER LI

CHAPTER LI

All was promising well when, with my reduced party, I started towards the N.E., first following for three-and-a-quarter miles a course of 49°, [22] skirting the lake, then ascending over the barren hill ranges in a direction of 90° for a distance of twelve miles. The journey was uneventful, and my four men seemed in the best of spirits. We descended to a plain where water and grass could be found, and having seen a camping-ground with a protecting wall, such as are usually put up by Tibetans at

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CHAPTER LII

CHAPTER LII

The men of the party were extremely picturesque, with hair flowing down their shoulders and long pigtails ornamented with pieces of red cloth, circles of ivory and silver coins. Nearly all had the stereotyped pattern coat, with ample sleeves hanging well over the hands, and pulled up at the waist to receive the paraphernalia of eating-bowls, snuff-box, &amp;c., employed in daily life. Most of them were dressed in dark red, and all were armed with jewelled swords. With flat, broad noses and s

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CHAPTER LIII

CHAPTER LIII

When night came on, I did not consider it safe to encamp near the Tibetans. We moved away, driving our yaks before us and dragging the newly purchased sheep. We marched two-and-a-half miles, and then halted in a depression in the ground (16,050 feet), where we had a little shelter from the wind, which blew with great force. To our right lay a short range of fairly high mountains running from North to South, and cut by a gorge, out of which flowed a large stream. At that time of the evening we co

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CHAPTER LIV

CHAPTER LIV

This last disaster should, I suppose, have deterred us from further progress, but it somehow made me even more determined to persist than I was before. It was no light job to have to run afield oneself to capture the yaks, which had wandered off in search of grass; and having found them and driven them back to our primitive camping-place, to tie upon their backs the pack-saddles, and fasten on them the heavy tin-lined cases of scientific instruments and photographic plates. This task was only pa

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CHAPTER LV

CHAPTER LV

After hesitating a little, four officers signalled to us that they wished to approach. "You are a great king!" shouted one at the top of his voice, "and we want to lay these presents at your feet," and he pointed to some small bags which the other three men were carrying. " Gelbo! Chakzal! Chakzal! " ("We salute you, king!") I felt anything but regal after the wretched night we had spent, but I wished to treat the natives with due deference and politeness whenever it was possible. I said that fo

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CHAPTER LVI

CHAPTER LVI

We were not in luck. The weather continued squally in the morning, and in the afternoon the rain was again torrential. We went towards 78° over uninteresting and monotonous grey country with a chain of snowy peaks stretching from South-West to North-East. We waded through a fairly deep and very cold river, and subsequently rose over a pass 17,450 feet. A number of Hunyas, with flocks of several thousand sheep, came in sight, but we avoided them. They did not see us. At the point where we crossed

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CHAPTER LVII

CHAPTER LVII

Towards noon, when our things had got almost dry in the warm sun, the sky became overclouded, and it again began to rain heavily. I was rather doubtful as to whether I should go over a pass some miles off to 93° (b.m.), or should follow the course of the river and skirt the foot of the mountains. We saw a large number of Tibetans travelling in the opposite direction to ours, and they all seemed much terrified when we approached them. We obtained from them a few more pounds of food, but they refu

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CHAPTER LVIII

CHAPTER LVIII

Naturally I passed a sleepless night after that, fearing that the unwelcome visitors might return. We speculated much as to how the Tibetans had found us, and we could not help surmising that our friends of the previous afternoon must have put them on our track. However, such was the inconceivable cowardice shown on every occasion by the Tibetans, that we got to attach no importance to these incidents, and not only did they not inspire us with fear, but they even ceased to excite or disturb us m

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CHAPTER LIX

CHAPTER LIX

During the evening the Tibetans came over to my camp and made themselves useful. They helped us to get fuel, and brewed tea for me in Tibetan fashion. They seemed decent fellows, although sly if you like. They professed to hate the Lamas, the rulers of the country, to whom they took special pleasure in applying names hardly repeatable in these pages. According to them, the Lamas had all the money that came into the country, and no one but themselves was allowed to have any. They were not particu

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CHAPTER LX

CHAPTER LX

The Maium Pass (17,500 feet), to which from where I started no Englishman had ever penetrated, is a great landmark in Tibet, for not only does one of the sources of the great Tsangpu, or Brahmaputra River, rise on its S.E. slopes, but it also separates the immense provinces of Nari-Khorsum (extending West of the Maium Pass and comprising the mountainous and lacustrine region as far as Ladak) from the Yutzang, the central province of Tibet, stretching East of the pass along the valley of the Brah

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CHAPTER LXI

CHAPTER LXI

We slept very little, as we expected the soldiers to attack us during the night to try and stop our progress, but all was quiet and nothing happened; our yaks, however, managed to get loose, and we had some difficulty in recovering them in the morning, for they had swum across the stream, and had gone about a mile from camp on the other side. The night had been very cold, the thermometer dropping as low as 32½°. We did not pitch our little tent, in case of emergencies, and we were tired and cold

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CHAPTER LXII

CHAPTER LXII

The river was turning too much towards the South, so I decided to abandon it and strike across country, especially as there were faint signs of a track leading over a pass to 110° (b.m.) from camp. I followed this track, and along it I distinguished marks of hundreds of ponies' hoofs, now almost entirely washed away. This was evidently the way taken by the soldiers we had encountered on the other side of the Maium Pass. Having risen over the col 17,750 feet, we saw before us an extensive valley

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CHAPTER LXIII

CHAPTER LXIII

We wanted food, and so made boldly for the encampment. Our approach caused a great commotion, and yaks and sheep were hastily driven away before us, while men and women rushed in and out of their tents, apparently in a state of much excitement. Eight or ten men reluctantly came forward and entreated us to go inside a large tent. They said they wished to speak to us, and offered us tea. I would not accept their invitation, distrusting them, but went on across the encampment, halting some three hu

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CHAPTER LXIV

CHAPTER LXIV

The inhabitants of this encampment were polite and talkative. Notwithstanding their refusal to sell us food on the plea that they had none even for themselves, their friendliness was so much beyond my expectation that I at first feared treachery. However, treachery or not, I thought that while I was there I had better see and learn as much as I could. Women and men formed a ring round us, and the fair sex seemed less shy than the stronger in answering questions. I was particularly struck, not on

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CHAPTER LXV

CHAPTER LXV

That the Tibetans legally recognise polyandry and polygamy is well known. Very little, however, has hitherto transpired as to the actual form of these marital customs, so that the details which follow, startling as they may seem when regarded from a Western standpoint, will be found not without interest. First of all, I may say that there is not such a thing known in Tibet as a standard of morality amongst unmarried women of the middle classes; and, therefore, from a Tibetan point of view, it is

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CHAPTER LXVI

CHAPTER LXVI

Tibetan funerals are interesting, but they so closely resemble those of the Shokas, which I have described at length, that any detailed account of them would be a mere repetition of what I have already written. A Young Lama A Young Lama For the disposal of the dead body itself, however, the Tibetans have curious customs of their own. The most uncommon method, owing to the great scarcity of fuel, is that of cremation, which is only employed in the case of wealthy people or Lamas, and is effected

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CHAPTER LXVII

CHAPTER LXVII

Coming out of our tent in the morning, we noticed an unusual commotion among the Tibetans. A number of mounted men with matchlocks had arrived, and others similarly armed immediately went to join them from the tents. They seemed excited, and I kept my eye upon them while I was cooking my food. There were some two hundred in all, picturesquely garbed. They seemed to be good horsemen, and looked well as they rode in a line towards us. A little way off they stopped and dismounted, and the leaders c

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CHAPTER LXVIII

CHAPTER LXVIII

The next was for us a great washing-day. The water of the stream was so pleasant and clear that we could not resist the temptation of having a regular cleaning up, washing first our clothing and spreading it to dry in the sun, and then cleansing our faces and bodies thoroughly with soap, a luxury unknown to us for ever so long. While I was drying myself in the sun—owing to the want of towels—I registered at 211° (b.m.) a very high snowy peak, and a lower one at 213° 30′ forming part of the chain

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CHAPTER LXIX

CHAPTER LXIX

The alarm of our arrival, given first by scores of dogs barking at us, then by one of the natives who had ventured to leave his tent to find out the cause of the disturbance, created the usual panic in the place. " Gigri duk! gigri duk! Jogpa, Jogpa! " ("Danger, danger; help, brigands!") cried the Tibetan, running frantically out of his tent; and a few seconds later, black figures could be seen everywhere, rushing in and out of their tents in a state of confusion. It must be remembered that, acc

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CHAPTER LXX

CHAPTER LXX

Apparently my yaks knew this part of the country well; and I noticed that, whenever I lost the track, all I had to do was to follow them, and they would bring me back to it again. Even when I drove them away from the track, they showed a great disinclination to move, whereas they proceeded willingly enough while we were on the high road, which, mark you, is no road at all, for no track is visible except here and there, where the footprints of the last nomads with their sheep, ponies and yaks hav

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CHAPTER LXXI

CHAPTER LXXI

We went on, hungry, worn out, with our feet lacerated, cheering one another as best we could. We laughed at our troubles; we laughed at the Tibetans and their comical ways; we laughed at everything and everybody, until eventually we even laughed at ourselves. When you are hungry, the sun seems slow at describing its daily semicircle from East to West; yet though involuntary fasting gives you at first an acute pain in the stomach, it doesn't become unbearable until after several days' absolute wa

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CHAPTER LXXII

CHAPTER LXXII

We reached an encampment of some eighty black tents and a mud guard-house. We were positively in a starved condition and it was utterly impossible to proceed farther, owing to the wretched condition of my two men. They begged to be given ponies to ride, for their feet were so sore that, notwithstanding their anxiety to follow me, they could not. The natives received us very kindly, and, on my applying for them, consented to sell me ponies, clothes and provisions. We encamped about two miles beyo

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CHAPTER LXXIII

CHAPTER LXXIII

During the night I was aroused several times by noises, and I went out of my tent to look for the disturbers, but failed to discover any one. This had become my nightly experience, and I attached very little importance to these sounds. In the morning, Ando and two or three Tibetans came to sell us provisions and ponies, and, while my two servants and I were engaged in purchasing what we required, I saw a number of villagers coming up in groups. Some spun their wool, others carried bags of tsamba

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CHAPTER LXXIV

CHAPTER LXXIV

They lifted me and made me stand up. The brave Chanden Sing had been struggling with all his might against fifteen or twenty foes, and had disabled several of them. He had been pounced upon at the same moment as I was, and had fought gallantly until, like myself, he had been entangled, thrown down and secured by ropes. During my struggle, I heard him call out repeatedly: " Banduk, banduk, Mansing; jaldi, banduk! " ("Rifle, rifle, Mansing; quick, my rifle!") but, alas, poor Mansing the leper, the

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CHAPTER LXXV

CHAPTER LXXV

On reaching the settlement, my last words to my men before we were separated were, "No matter what they do to you, do not let them see that you suffer," and they promised to obey me. We were then conveyed to different tents. I was dragged to one of the larger tents, inside and outside of which soldiers were placed on guard. Those near me were at first sulky, and rough in their manner and speech, but I always made a point of answering them in as collected and polite a fashion as I could. I had on

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CHAPTER LXXVI

CHAPTER LXXVI

A number of soldiers now came for me, and I was first led, then pushed violently before the tribunal. On a high seat in the centre of the tent sat a man wearing ample trousers of gaudy yellow and a short yellow coat with flowing sleeves. On his head he had a huge four-pointed hat gilt all over, and with three great eyes painted on it. He was young-looking, and his head was clean shaven, as he was a Lama of the highest order, a Grand Lama and a Pombo , or Governor of the province, with powers equ

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CHAPTER LXXVII

CHAPTER LXXVII

The two Lamas, leaving Chanden Sing, produced my note-books and maps, and proceeded to interrogate me closely, saying that, if I spoke the truth, I should be spared, otherwise I should be flogged and then beheaded. A Soldier A Soldier I answered that I would speak the truth, whether they punished me or not. One of the Lamas, a great big brute, who was dressed up in a gaudy red silk coat, with gold embroidery at the collar, and who had taken part in the flogging of Chanden Sing, told me I must sa

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CHAPTER LXXVIII

CHAPTER LXXVIII

An officer of high rank was sitting cross-legged at the farther end of the tent. He wore a handsome dark red gown trimmed with gold and leopard skin, and was shod with tall black and red leather boots of Chinese shape. A beautiful sword with solid silver sheath inlaid with large pieces of coral and malachite was passed through his belt. This man, apparently between fifty and sixty years of age, had an intelligent, refined, honest, good-natured face; and somehow or other I felt from the very firs

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CHAPTER LXXIX

CHAPTER LXXIX

The Rupun possessed a good deal of dry humour, and I told him how fast the Tibetan soldiers had run away on previous occasions when I had met them and had my rifle by me. But he was quite equal to the situation and exclaimed: "Yes, I know that they ran, but it was not through fear. It was because they did not wish to hurt you." Upon which I answered that, if that were the case, they need not have run so fast. The Rupun seemed amused and laughed at my sarcasm. He patted me on the back and said I

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CHAPTER LXXX

CHAPTER LXXX

In the middle of the night the Rupun returned. I noticed he seemed very much upset. He sat by my side, and by the light of the flickering fire and a wick burning in a brass bowl filled with butter, I could see in his face an expression of great anxiety. I felt, by the compassionate way in which he looked at me, that he had grave news to give me. I was not mistaken. He moved me from the pestilent place where I had been thrown down helpless by the soldiers, and laid me in a more comfortable and cl

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CHAPTER LXXXI

CHAPTER LXXXI

Early in the afternoon a soldier entered the tent, and striking me on the shoulder with his heavy hand, shouted: " Ohe! " (This is a Tibetan exclamation always used by the rougher classes when beginning a conversation. It corresponds to "Look here.") " Ohe! " repeated he; "before the sun goes down you will be flogged, both your legs will be broken, [34] they will burn out your eyes, and then they will cut off your head!" The man, who seemed quite in earnest, accompanied each sentence with an app

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CHAPTER LXXXII

CHAPTER LXXXII

Just then I heard the voice of my servant Chanden Sing calling to me in a weak agonised tone: " Hazur, Hazur, hum murgiaega! " ("Sir, sir, I am dying!") and, turning my head in the direction from which these painful sounds came, I perceived my faithful bearer with his hands bound behind his back, dragging himself on his stomach towards the door of one of the other rooms of the mud-house. His poor face was hardly recognisable, it bore the traces of such awful suffering. I could stand no more. Pus

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CHAPTER LXXXIII

CHAPTER LXXXIII

We travelled mile after mile at an unpleasant pace, until we arrived at a spot where, drawn up in a line, was the cavalcade we had seen from the summit of the hill. It was a beautiful sight as we approached it, though the pain which I was undergoing rather detracted from the pleasure I should otherwise have taken in the picturesque scene. There were about a hundred red Lamas in the centre, with banner-men whose heads were covered by peculiar flat fluffy hats, and the same number of soldiers and

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CHAPTER LXXXIV

CHAPTER LXXXIV

A Display of Various Instruments of Torture A Display of Various Instruments of Torture Two or three men tore me roughly off the saddle. The pain in my spine caused by the spikes was intense. I asked for a moment's rest. My captors, however, refused, and, roughly thrusting me forward, said that I would be beheaded in an instant. All the people round jeered and made signs to me that my head would be cut off, and insults of all kinds were showered upon me by the crowd of Lamas and soldiers. I was

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CHAPTER LXXXV

CHAPTER LXXXV

My position as I stood with my legs wide apart, with my back, hands and legs bleeding, and seeing everything of a ghastly red tinge; amidst the deafening, maddening noise of gong, drum, cymbals and horn; insulted, spat upon by the crowd, and with Nerba holding me so tight by my hair as to tear handfuls of it from my scalp, was one in which I cannot wish even my bitterest enemies to find themselves. All I was able to do was to remain calm and composed and to watch with apparent unconcern the prep

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CHAPTER LXXXVI

CHAPTER LXXXVI

An excited consultation followed, during which, in the midst of this scene of barbarity, my coolie Mansing arrived. He had fallen off his bare-back pony many times, and had been left far behind. The man who held my hair now relinquished his grasp, while another pushed me violently from in front, causing me to fall heavily backward, and putting a painful strain on all the tendons of my legs. Mansing, bruised and aching all over, was brought forward and tied by his legs to the same log of wood to

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CHAPTER LXXXVII

CHAPTER LXXXVII

After all the excitement of the day, we were beginning to feel a little restored and much relieved at being treated rather less roughly, were it only for a few moments, when, small as it was, the improvement in our condition was checked. A Lama came from the monastery and gave orders right and left, and the place was again in commotion. We were pounced upon and roughly seized, and my legs were quickly untied, a number of men holding me down the while. Again they lifted me until I stood upright o

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CHAPTER LXXXVIII

CHAPTER LXXXVIII

By way of precaution, a light was set between Mansing and myself, and, as it was still raining hard, the Tibetans placed a canvas shelter over us to prevent the light from being extinguished. At about six or seven in the morning, Mansing's feet were untied, but not his hands. I was left in the same uncomfortable and painful posture. The hours passed very slowly and wearily. My legs, my arms and hands had gradually become quite lifeless, and after the first six or seven hours that I had been stre

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CHAPTER LXXXIX

CHAPTER LXXXIX

They had now reached the bottom of the water-tight case, and the Pombo drew out with much suspicion a curious flattened object. "What is that?" inquired he, as usual lifting the article up in the air. My sight had been so injured that I could not clearly discern what it was; but on their waving it in front of my nose, I recognised it to be my long mislaid bath-sponge, dry and flattened, which Chanden Sing, with his usual ability for packing, had stored away at the bottom of the case, piling upon

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CHAPTER XC

CHAPTER XC

The Pombo, who had been, during the greater part of the afternoon, looking at me with an air of mingled pity and respect, as though he had been forced against his will to treat me so brutally, could not help joining in my laughter at the Lama's sorrowful plight. In a way, I believe he was rather glad that the accident had happened; for, if he had until then been uncertain whether to kill me or not, he felt, after what had occurred, that it was not prudent to attempt it. The gold ring which had b

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CHAPTER XCI

CHAPTER XCI

This was a great relief, for I was suffering more from my humiliating position, being unable to stand, than from the tortures themselves. The Pombo told me that I must now look towards the tent, and then got up and walked towards it. The opening of the tent was over twenty feet long. Some soldiers came and dragged me close to the front of it, so that I could witness all that went on. Two big Lamas entered the tent with the Pombo, and a number of other people who were inside were turned out. They

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CHAPTER XCII

CHAPTER XCII

The Pombo came out of his gaudy tent, and I told him that the dance was beautiful, but that I was very hungry. He asked me what I wanted to eat, and I said I would like some meat and tea. A little later, a large vessel with a delicious stew of yak's meat was brought to me, as well as tsamba in abundance. However, though I felt quite famished, I had the greatest difficulty in swallowing even a little food. This I thought must be owing to the injuries to my spine and to the mortification of my lim

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CHAPTER XCIII

CHAPTER XCIII

The Pombo ordered that my life should be spared, and that I should on that very day start on my return journey towards the Indian frontier. He took from my own money one hundred and twenty rupees, which he placed in my pocket for my wants during the journey, and commanded that, though I must be kept chained up, I was to be treated kindly, and my servants also. When all was ready, Mansing and I were led on foot to Toxem, our guard consisting of some fifty horsemen riding on ponies. We had to trav

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CHAPTER XCIV

CHAPTER XCIV

We travelled, as can be seen by the dotted red line on the map attached to this book, first W. then W.N.W., N.W., W. and N.W., following the Brahmaputra along a course South of the outward journey, until we reached the boundary of the Yutzang [37] (central, or Lhassa) province. Our guard were not only severe with us, but they also ill-treated us in every possible way. One or two of the soldiers, however, showed kindness and thoughtfulness, bringing us a little butter or tsamba whenever they coul

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CHAPTER XCV

CHAPTER XCV

We now proceeded in a North-westerly direction, and, once clear of the sacred Yutzang province, our guard behaved with rather less cruelty. With the little money the Pombo had permitted me to keep we were allowed to purchase food enough to provide us with more frequent meals, and, while we ate, the soldiers removed our handcuffs, which they temporarily placed round our ankles. Thus, with utensils lent us by our guard, we were able to cook some food; and, although we had to serve it on flat stone

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CHAPTER XCVI

CHAPTER XCVI

The next day, amidst repeated good-byes and professions of friendship on the part of our hosts and jailers, we departed towards Mansarowar, and late in the afternoon reached the Tucker village and Gomba, where we put up at the same serai in which I had slept on my way out. All our bonds were here removed for good, and we enjoyed comparative freedom, though four men walked by my side wherever I went, and an equal number looked after Chanden Sing and Mansing. Naturally we were not allowed to go fa

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CHAPTER XCVII

CHAPTER XCVII

When we had been marching for several hours, our guard halted to have their tea. A man named Suna, and his brother and son, whom I had met in Garbyang, halted near us, and from them I heard that news had arrived in India that I and my two men had been beheaded, and that thereupon Doctor Wilson and the Political Peshkar Karak Sing had crossed over the frontier to ascertain the facts, and to attempt to recover my baggage, &amp;c. My joy was intense when I heard that they were still at Taklakot

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CHAPTER XCVIII

CHAPTER XCVIII

During the night there was a great commotion in the place, the people running about and shouting, and a large number of ponies with their riders arriving. Tibet is farmed out, so to speak, to officials who have become small feudal kings, and these are generally at logger-heads among themselves. To this regal jealousy, and to disputes over the rights of the road, was due the appearance of this new army. There were altogether some hundred and fifty men armed with matchlocks and swords. The chiefta

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CHAPTER XCIX

CHAPTER XCIX

Such was our anxiety, when we reached this point, lest something should happen and we should be taken back again, that, as soon as we were across the wooden bridge over the Gakkon, Chanden Sing and I, on perceiving the large Shoka encampment at the foot of the hill, lashed our ponies and ran away from our guard. Thus, galloping our hardest along the high cliff, where hundreds of people live in holes in the clay, we found ourselves at last among friends again. The Shokas, who had come over to thi

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CHAPTER C

CHAPTER C

It was really wonderful how soon we began to pick up again under the good care of Dr. Wilson and the influence of proper food and clothing. When I saw my face for the first time in a looking-glass, I nearly had a fit, so ghastly did it look; but I felt more like myself when I had shaved off my beard of several months' growth; and, after the ever-obliging Wilson, with a pair of blunt scissors, had spent a whole afternoon in performing the functions of hairdresser, I began to look almost civilised

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Letter from Sir William Lee Warner, C.S.I., Political and Secret Department, India Office, London.

Letter from Sir William Lee Warner, C.S.I., Political and Secret Department, India Office, London.

"Honi soi. qui mal y pense." " Honi soi. qui mal y pense. " India Office, Whitehall, S.W. August 4, 1898. Dear Sir, With reference to the request contained in your letter of the 27th, and to your interview with me of the same day I forward herewith for your use a copy of Mr. Larkin's "Inquiry and report" into your treatment by the Tibetans. Yours faithfully, (Signed) W. Lee Warner. A. Henry Savage Landor, Esq....

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GOVERNMENT REPORT BY J. LARKIN, Esq., MAGISTRATE OF THE FIRST CLASS.

GOVERNMENT REPORT BY J. LARKIN, Esq., MAGISTRATE OF THE FIRST CLASS.

Mr. Arnold Henry Savage Landor having been reported to have been captured and tortured by the Tibetans, I was sent up to Garbyang in Byans to ascertain the facts. Mr. Landor arrived in India on the 10th of April last. He proceeded to Almora, where he arrived on the 27th idem. He stayed there until the 10th of May, to make arrangements for his travels in Tibet. At first he was advised to take some Gurkha soldiers with him, but this fell through, as the military did not accede to his request. He t

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ALMORA DISTRICT.

ALMORA DISTRICT.

In re The Matter of the Tortures, Robbery, &amp;c., of A. HENRY SAVAGE LANDOR, Esq., and his servants, by the Thibetan Authorities. Deposition of Mr. A. Henry Savage Landor ; taken on the 4th day of October 1897. Oath administered by me. My name is Arnold Henry Savage Landor; my father's name is Charles Savage Landor; I am by caste European. British subject; by occupation artist and traveller; my home is at Empoli (Calappiano), police station Empoli, district Florence, Tuscany, Italy; I res

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Mr. William Heinemann's Publications and Announcements

Mr. William Heinemann's Publications and Announcements

Small Crown 8vo, price 5s. net each. VOLUME I. IS NOW READY. Vol. I.—LETTERS, 1804-1813. With a Portrait after Phillips . To be followed by Vol. V.—VERSE VOLUME I. Containing "Hours of Idleness," "English Bards and Scotch Reviewers," and "Childe Harold." With a Portrait by Holmes . [ In April. "Mr. W. E. Henley is not only steeped to the lips in Byronic poetry, but he has also a very familiar acquaintance with the remarkable characters who formed 'the Byronic set,' and he know

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Art and Decoration.

Art and Decoration.

PORTRAITS BY MR. NICHOLSON of Her Majesty the Queen, Madame Sarah Bernhardt, Lord Roberts, Mr. Whistler, Mr. Rudyard Kipling, Mr. Cecil Rhodes , and Prince Bismarck , are now supplied separately, mounted on card for framing, price 2 s. 6 d. net each. ※ A few copies of each Portrait printed from the Original Woodblocks, Hand-coloured, and signed by the Artist, are still obtainable. Price £2 2s. each net. A HISTORY OF DANCING: From the Earliest Ages to Our Own Times. From the French of Gaston Vuil

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Biography, Correspondence, And History.

Biography, Correspondence, And History.

DE QUINCEY MEMORIALS. Being Letters and other Records here first Published, with Communications from Coleridge , the Wordsworths, Hannah More, Professor Wilson , and others. Edited with Introduction, Notes, and Narrative, by Alexander H. Japp , LL.D., F.R.S.E. In Two Volumes, demy 8vo, cloth, with Portraits, 30 s. net. LETTERS OF SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE. Edited by Ernest Hartley Coleridge . With 16 Portraits and Illustrations. In Two Volumes, demy 8vo, £1 12 s. THE LIFE OF NELSON. By Robert Sout

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GREAT LIVES AND EVENTS.

GREAT LIVES AND EVENTS.

THE FAMILY LIFE OF HEINRICH HEINE. Illustrated by one hundred and twenty-two hitherto unpublished letters addressed by him to different members of his family. Edited by his nephew, Baron Ludwig von Embden , and translated by Charles Godfrey Leland . With 4 Portraits. THE NATURALIST OF THE SEA-SHORE. The Life of Philip Henry Gosse. By his son, Edmund Gosse , Hon. M.A., Trinity College, Cambridge. With a Portrait. MEMOIRS OF THE PRINCE DE JOINVILLE. Translated from the French by Lady Mary Loyd . W

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Travel and Adventure.

Travel and Adventure.

MY FOURTH TOUR IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA. By Albert F. Calvert , F.R.G.S. 4to, with many Illustrations and Photographs, price 21 s. net. ROMANTIC INDIA. By André Chevrillon . Translated from the French by William Marchant . 8vo, 7 s. 6 d. net. THE OUTGOING TURK. Impressions of a Journey through the Western Balkans. By H. C. Thomson , Author of "The Chitral Campaign." Demy 8vo, with Illustrations from Original Photographs. Price 14 s. net. THE CHITRAL CAMPAIGN. A Narrative of Events in Chitral, Swat,

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Essays and Belles Lettres, &c.

Essays and Belles Lettres, &c.

CRITICAL KIT-KATS. By Edmund Gosse . Crown 8vo, buckram, gilt top, 7 s. 6 d. QUESTIONS AT ISSUE. Essays. By Edmund Gosse . Crown 8vo, buckram, gilt top, 7 s. 6 d. ※ A Limited Edition on Large Paper, 25s. net. GOSSIP IN A LIBRARY. By Edmund Gosse . Third Edition. Crown 8vo, buckram, gilt top, 7 s. 6 d. ※ A Limited Edition on Large Paper, 25s. net. CORRECTED IMPRESSIONS. Essays on Victorian Writers. By George Saintsbury . Crown 8vo, gilt top, 7 s. 6 d. ANIMA POETÆ. From the unpublished note-book

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Dramatic Literature.

Dramatic Literature.

THE PLAYS OF HENRIK IBSEN. Small 4to, cloth 5 s. each, or paper covers, 1 s. 6 d. each. * Also a Limited Large Paper Edition, 21s. net. BRAND: A Dramatic Poem in Five Acts. By Henrik Ibsen . Translated in the original metres, with an Introduction and Notes, by C. H. Herford . Small 4to, cloth, 7 s. 6 d. THE PLAYS OF GERHART HAUPTMANN. HANNELE. Small 4to, with Portrait, 5 s. In preparation. THE PRINCESS MALEINE: A Drama in Five Acts (Translated by Gerard Harry ), and THE INTRUDER: A Drama in One

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Poetry.

Poetry.

A SELECTION FROM THE POEMS OF WILFRID SCAWEN BLUNT. With an Introduction by W. E. Henley . Crown 8vo, price 6 s. ON VIOL AND FLUTE. By Edmund Gosse . Fcap. 8vo, with Frontispiece and Tailpiece, price 3 s. 6 d. net. FIRDAUSI IN EXILE, and other Poems. By Edmund Gosse . Fcap. 8vo, with Frontispiece, price 3 s. 6 d. net. IN RUSSET AND SILVER. POEMS. By Edmund Gosse . Author of "Gossip in a Library," etc. Fcap 8vo, price 3 s. 6 d. net. THE POETRY OF PATHOS AND DELIGHT. From the Works of Coventry Pat

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A SERIES OF SHORT HISTORIES.

A SERIES OF SHORT HISTORIES.

A HISTORY OF FRENCH LITERATURE. BY Edward Dowden , D.C.L., LL.D., Professor of Oratory and English Literature in the University of Dublin. A HISTORY OF MODERN ENGLISH LITERATURE. By the Editor , Hon. M.A. of Trinity College, Cambridge. A HISTORY OF ITALIAN LITERATURE. By Richard Garnett , C.B., LL.D., Keeper of Printed Books in the British Museum. The following are already arranged for :— A HISTORY OF SPANISH LITERATURE. By J. Fitzmaurice-Kelly , Corresponding Member of the Spanish Academy. A HI

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The Great Educators.

The Great Educators.

ALCUIN, and the Rise of the Christian Schools. By Professor Andrew F. West , Ph.D. FROEBEL, and Education by Self-Activity. By H. Courthope Bowen , M.A. ABELARD, and the Origin and Early History of Universities. By Jules Gabriel Compayré , Professor in the Faculty of Toulouse. HERBART AND THE HERBARTIANS. By Prof. de Garmo . THOMAS AND MATTHEW ARNOLD, and their Influence on English Education. By Sir Joshua Fitch , M.A., LL.D., formerly Her Majesty's Inspector of Training Colleges. HORACE MANN, a

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HEINEMANN'S SCIENTIFIC HANDBOOKS.

HEINEMANN'S SCIENTIFIC HANDBOOKS.

THE BIOLOGICAL PROBLEM OF TO-DAY: Preformation or Epigenesis? Authorised Translation from the German of Prof. Dr. Oscar Hertwig , of the University of Berlin. By P. Chalmers Mitchell , M.A., Oxon. With a Preface by the Translator. Crown 8vo. 3 s. 6 d. MANUAL OF BACTERIOLOGY. By A. B. Griffiths , Ph.D., F.R.S. (Edin.), F.C.S. Crown 8vo, cloth, Illustrated. 7 s. 6 d. Pharmaceutical Journal. —"The subject is treated more thoroughly and completely than in any similar work published in this country."

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Law.

Law.

A SHORT TREATISE OF BELGIAN LAW AND Legal Procedure. From a Practical Standpoint, for the Guidance of British Traders, Patentees, and Bankers, and British Residents in Belgium. By Gaston De Leval . Fcap. 8vo, paper, 1 s. 6 d. PRISONERS ON OATH, PRESENT AND FUTURE. By Sir Herbert Stephen , Bart. 8vo, boards, 1 s. net. THE ARBITRATOR'S MANUAL. Under the London Chamber of Arbitration. Being a Practical Treatise on the Power and Duties of an Arbitrator, with the Rules and Procedure of the Court of A

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Fiction.—Popular 6s. Novels.

Fiction.—Popular 6s. Novels.

THE NIGGER OF THE "NARCISSUS." By Joseph Conrad . EQUALITY. By Edward Bellamy , Author of "Looking Backward." SOLDIERS OF FORTUNE. By Richard Harding Davis . THE THIRD VIOLET. By Stephen Crane . THE OPEN BOAT. By Stephen Crane . A ROMANCE OF THE FIRST CONSUL. By Matilda Malling . THE MINISTER OF STATE. By J. A. Steuart . THE LAKE OF WINE. By Bernard Capes . EZEKIEL'S SIN. By J. H. Pearce . A CHAMPION IN THE SEVENTIES. By Edith A. Barnett . THE FOURTH NAPOLEON. By Charles Benham . THE GADFLY. By

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Fiction.—Popular 6s. Novels.

Fiction.—Popular 6s. Novels.

MR. BAILEY-MARTIN. By Percy White . With Portrait. THE FREEDOM OF HENRY MEREDYTH. By M. Hamilton . McLEOD OF THE CAMERONS. By M. Hamilton . A SELF-DENYING ORDINANCE. By M. Hamilton . THE DRONES MUST DIE. By Max Nordau . THE MALADY OF THE CENTURY. By Max Nordau . A COMEDY OF SENTIMENT. By Max Nordau . THE WAR OF THE WORLDS. By H. G. Wells . THE ISLAND OF DOCTOR MOREAU. By H. G. Wells . THE GODS ARRIVE. By Annie E. Holdsworth . THE YEARS THAT THE LOCUST HATH EATEN. By Annie E. Holdsworth . IN HAST

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Fiction.—Popular 6s. Novels.

Fiction.—Popular 6s. Novels.

THE OTHER HOUSE. By Henry James . THE SPOILS OF POYNTON. By Henry James . EMBARRASSMENTS. By Henry James . TERMINATIONS. By Henry James . THE FAILURE OF SIBYL FLETCHER. By Adeline Sergeant . OUT OF DUE SEASON. By Adeline Sergeant . LAST STUDIES. By Hubert Crackanthorpe . With an Introduction by Mr. Henry James , and a Portrait. SENTIMENTAL STUDIES. By Hubert Crackanthorpe . SAINT IVES. By Robert Louis Stevenson . THE EBB-TIDE. By Robert Louis Stevenson and Lloyd Osbourne . THE CHRISTIAN. By Hall

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Fiction.—Popular 6s. Novels.

Fiction.—Popular 6s. Novels.

OUR MANIFOLD NATURE. By Sarah Grand . With a Portrait of the Author. THE STORY OF A MODERN WOMAN. By Ella Hepworth Dixon . AT THE GATE OF SAMARIA. By W. J. Locke . A DAUGHTER OF THIS WORLD. By F. Battershall . ON THE FACE OF THE WATERS. By Flora Annie Steel . THE POTTER'S THUMB. By Flora Annie Steel . FROM THE FIVE RIVERS. By Flora Annie Steel . IN THE PERMANENT WAY. By Flora Annie Steel . RELICS. Fragments of a Life. By Frances Macnab . THE MASTER. By I. Zangwill . With Portrait. CHILDREN OF TH

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Fiction.—Popular 6s. Novels.

Fiction.—Popular 6s. Novels.

CHUN-TI-KUNG. By Claude Rees . BELOW THE SALT. By C. E. Raimond . A BATTLE AND A BOY. By Blanche Willis Howard . With Thirty-nine Illustrations by A. Mac-niell-barbour ....

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Popular 5s Novels.

Popular 5s Novels.

THE SECRET OF NARCISSE. By Edmund Gosse . Crown 8vo, buckram, 5 s. VANITAS. By Vernon Lee , Author of "Hauntings," &amp;c. Crown 8vo, cloth, 5 s. THE ATTACK ON THE MILL. By Émile Zola . With Twenty-one Illustrations, and Five exquisitely printed Coloured Plates, from Original Drawings by E. Courboin . In One Volume, 4to, 5 s....

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Popular 3s. 6d. Novels.

Popular 3s. 6d. Novels.

THE KING OF THE MOUNTAINS. By Edmond About . MRS. JOHN FOSTER. By Charles Granville . IN SUMMER ISLES. By Burton Dibbs . MR. BLAKE OF NEWMARKET. By E. H. Cooper . A PINCHBECK GODDESS. By Mrs. Fleming (Alice M. Kipling). THE OUTSPAN. Tales of South Africa. By J. Percy Fitzpatrick . THE REDS OF THE MIDI, an Episode of the French Revolution. Translated from the Provencal of Felix Gras. By Mrs. Catherine A. Janvier . ELI'S DAUGHTER. By J. H. Pearce . INCONSEQUENT LIVES. A Village Chronicle. By J. H.

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Popular 3s. 6d. Novels.

Popular 3s. 6d. Novels.

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Popular 3s. 6d. Novels.

Popular 3s. 6d. Novels.

THE HEAD OF THE FIRM. By Mrs. Riddell. A CONSPIRACY OF SILENCE. By G. Colmore. A DAUGHTER OF MUSIC. By G. Colmore. ACCORDING TO ST. JOHN. By Amélie Rives. KITTY'S FATHER. By Frank Barrett. THE JUSTIFICATION OF ANDREW LEBRUN. By F. Barrett. A QUESTION OF TASTE. By Maarten Maartens . COME LIVE WITH ME AND BE MY LOVE. By Robert Buchanan . IN THE DWELLINGS OF SILENCE. A Romance of Russia. By Walker Kennedy . LOS CERRITOS. A Romance of the Modern Time. By Gertrude Franklin Atherton . WRECKAGE, and ot

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Fiction.—Heinemann's International Library.

Fiction.—Heinemann's International Library.

FROTH. From the Spanish of Don Armando Palacio-Valdés . FOOTSTEPS OF FATE. From the Dutch of Louis Couperus . PEPITA JIMÉNEZ. From the Spanish of Juan Valera . THE COMMODORE'S DAUGHTERS. From the Norwegian of Jonas Lie . THE HERITAGE OF THE KURTS. From the Norwegian of Björnstjerne Björnson . LOU. From the German of Baron Alexander Von Roberts . DOÑA LUZ. From the Spanish of Juan Valera . THE JEW. From the Polish of Joseph Ignatius Kraszewski . UNDER THE YOKE. From the Bulgarian of Ivan Vazoff .

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Fiction.—The Pioneer Series.

Fiction.—The Pioneer Series.

JOANNA TRAILL, SPINSTER. By Annie E. Holdsworth. GEORGE MANDEVILLE'S HUSBAND. By C. E. Raimond. THE WINGS OF ICARUS. By Laurence Alma-Tadema. THE GREEN CARNATION. By Robert Hichens. AN ALTAR OF EARTH. By Thymol Monk. A STREET IN SUBURBIA. By E. W. Pugh. THE NEW MOON. By C. E. Raimond. MILLY'S STORY. By Mrs. Montague Crackanthorpe. MRS. MUSGRAVE—AND HER HUSBAND. By Richard Marsh. THE RED BADGE OF COURAGE. By Stephen Crane. THE DEMAGOGUE AND THE LADY PHAYRE . By William J. Locke. HER OWN DEVICES

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Fiction.—Price 3s. net.

Fiction.—Price 3s. net.

Vol. III.—A HAPPY BOY. Vol. IV.—THE FISHER LASS. Vol. V.—THE BRIDAL MARCH AND A DAY. Vol. VI.—MAGNHILD AND DUST. Vol. VII.—CAPTAIN MANSANA AND MOTHER'S HANDS. Vol. VIII.—ABSALOM'S HAIR, AND A PAINFUL MEMORY. THE NOVELS OF IVAN TURGENEV. Uniform Edition. Edited by Constance Garnett . Fcap. 8vo, cloth, 3 s. net. each volume. Vol. I.—RUDIN. With a Portrait of the Author and an Introduction by Stepniak . Vol. II.—A HOUSE OF GENTLEFOLK. Vol. III.—ON THE EVE. Vol. IV.—FATHERS AND CHILDREN. Vol. V.—S

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Popular Shilling Books.

Popular Shilling Books.

PRETTY MISS SMITH. By Florence Warden , Author of "The House on the Marsh," "A Witch of the Hills," &amp;c. THE MOMENT AFTER: A Tale of the Unseen. By Robert Buchanan . CLUES; or, Leaves from a Chief Constable's Note-Book. By William Henderson , Chief Constable of Edinburgh. Edited by David A. Munro. Published monthly. Price 2 s. 6 d. A Quarterly Review of Art and Letters. Ordinary Edition, 25 s. each Part net, or £4 4 s. per annum net. Edition de Luxe (70 Copies) on Japanese paper, by Subsc

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