THE HISTORY AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE DEFEAT OF THE TURKS BEFORE VIENNA, SEPTEMBER 12, 1683 BY JOHN SOBIESKI, KING OF POLAND AND CHARLES LEOPOLD, DUKE OF LORRAINE BY HENRY ELLIOT MALDEN LONDON KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH & CO., 1, PATERNOSTER SQUARE 1883 ( The rights of translation and of reproduction are reserved. )...

The historical scholar will find nothing new in the following pages; but I have thought it worth while to tell to the general reader a story worth the telling, and to explain not only the details, but the wider bearings also, of a great crisis in European history, no satisfactory account of which exists, I believe, in English, and the two hundredth anniversary of which is now upon us. My principal authorities are "Sobieski's Letters to his Queen," edited by Count Plater, Paris, 1826; Starhemberg

1663. Ahmed Kiuprili Grand Vizier. 1664. Montecuculi defeats the Turks at St. Gotthard. Twenty years' truce with Austria, by which the Turks retain most of Hungary. 1669. The Turks take Candia from the Venetians. 1671. Conspiracy in Hungary against the Emperor crushed. 1672. French attack upon Holland provokes a general war. Treaty of Buksacs between the Turks and Poles. Poland cedes most of Podolia and the Ukraine, and pays tribute to Turkey. 1673. The Polish nobles break the treaty. Great vict