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The World War
The World War
An Intensely Human and Brilliant Account of the World War; Why America Entered the Conflict; What the Allies Fought For; And a Thrilling Account of the Important Part Taken by the Negro in the Tragic Defeat of Germany; The Downfall of Autocracy, and Complete Victory for the Cause of Righteousness and Freedom. INCLUDING A Wonderful Array of Striking Pictures Made from Recent Official Photographs, Illustrating and Describing the New and Awful Devices Used in the Horrible Methods of Modern Warfare,
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KELLY MILLER, A.M., LL.D.
KELLY MILLER, A.M., LL.D.
The Well-Known and Popular Author of "Race Adjustment," "Out of the House of Bondage" and "The Disgrace of Democracy." ALSO Important Contribution by JOHN J. PERSHING, the Famous General, FREDERICK DRINKER, the Noted War Correspondent, and E.A. ALLEN, Author of "The History of Civilization." Copyright, 1919 By A. JENKINS Copyright, 1919 By O. KELLER...
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THE NEGRO'S PART IN THE WAR
THE NEGRO'S PART IN THE WAR
By Professor Kelly Miller, the Well-Known Thinker and Writer . This treatise will set forth the black man's part in the world's war with the logical sequence of facts and the brilliant power of statement for which the author is famous. The mere announcement that the author of "Race Adjustment," "Out of the House of Bondage," and "The Disgrace of Democracy" is to present a history of the Negro in the great world conflict, is sufficient to arouse expectancy among the wide circle of readers who eag
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GENERAL PREFACE
GENERAL PREFACE
While the underlying causes of the greatest war in all history must be traced far back into the centuries, the one great object of the conflict which was precipitated by the assassination of the Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria, in Bosnia, at the end of June, 1914, is the ultimate determination as to whether imperialism as exemplified in the government of Germany shall rule the world, or whether democracy shall reign. Whenever men or nations disregard those principles which society has laid
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTORY
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTORY
Civilization at Issue—The German Empire—Character of William II—The Great Conspiracy—The War by Years—United States in the War—Two Hundred Fifty Miles of Battle—The Downfall of Turkey—The Democratic Close of the War...
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CHAPTER II GEN. PERSHING'S OWN STORY
CHAPTER II GEN. PERSHING'S OWN STORY
Organization of His General Staff—Training in France—In the Aisne Offensive—At Chateau Thierry—The St. Mihiel Salient—Meuse-Argonne, First Phase—The Battle in the Forest—Summary...
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CHAPTER III PRESIDENT WILSON'S REVIEW OF THE WAR
CHAPTER III PRESIDENT WILSON'S REVIEW OF THE WAR
Troop Movement During the Year—Tribute To American Soldiers—Splendid Spirit of the Nation—Resume the Work of Peace—Outline of Work in Paris—Support of Nation Urged...
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CHAPTER IV THE FLASH THAT SET THE WORLD AFLAME
CHAPTER IV THE FLASH THAT SET THE WORLD AFLAME
Teutons Find in a Murder the Excuse for War—Germany Inspired by Ambitions for World Control—The Struggle for Commercial Supremacy a Factor—The Underlying Motives...
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CHAPTER V WHY AMERICA ENTERED THE WAR
CHAPTER V WHY AMERICA ENTERED THE WAR
The Iron Hand of Prussianism—The Arrogant Hohenzollern Attitude—Secretary Lane Tells Why We Fight—Broken Pledges—Laws Violated—Prussianism the Child of Barbarity—Germany's Plans for a World Empire...
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CHAPTER VI THE THINGS THAT MADE MEN MAD
CHAPTER VI THE THINGS THAT MADE MEN MAD
Germany's Barbarity—The Devastation of Belgium—Human Fiends—Firebrand and Torch—Rape and Pillage—The Sacking of Louvain—Wanton Destruction—Official Proof...
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CHAPTER VII THE SLINKING SUBMARINE
CHAPTER VII THE SLINKING SUBMARINE
A Voracious Sea Monster—The Ruthless Destructive Policy of Germany—Starvation of Nations the Goal—How the Submarines Operate—Some Personal Experiences...
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CHAPTER VIII THWARTING THE U-BOAT
CHAPTER VIII THWARTING THE U-BOAT
Nets to Entangle the Sea Sharks of War—"Chasers" or "Skimming Dish" Boats—"Blimps" and Seaplanes—Hunting the Submarine With "Lance" Bomb and Gun—A Sailor's Description...
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CHAPTER IX THE EYES OF BATTLE
CHAPTER IX THE EYES OF BATTLE
Aeroplanes and Airships—They Spy the Movements of Forces on Land or Sea—Lead Disastrous Bomb Attacks—Valuable in "Spotting" Submarines—The Bombardment at Messines Ridge...
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CHAPTER X WAR'S STRANGE DEVICES
CHAPTER X WAR'S STRANGE DEVICES
Chemistry a Demon of Destruction—Poison Gas Bombs—Gas Masks—Hand Grenades—Mortars—"Tanks"—Feudal "Battering Rams"—Steel Helmets—Strange Bullets—Motor Plows—Real Dogs of War...
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CHAPTER XI WONDERFUL WAR WEAPONS
CHAPTER XI WONDERFUL WAR WEAPONS
The Terrible Rapid-fire Gun—Armored Automobiles and Automobile Artillery—Howitzers—Mounted Forts—Armored Trains—Observation Towers—Wireless Apparatus—The Army Pantry...
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CHAPTER XII THE WORLD'S ARMIES
CHAPTER XII THE WORLD'S ARMIES
The Efficient German Organization—The Landwehr and Landsturm—General Forms of Military Organization—The Brave French Troops—The Picturesque Italian Soldiery—The Peace and War Strength—Available Fighting Men—Fortifications...
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CHAPTER XIII THE WORLD'S NAVIES
CHAPTER XIII THE WORLD'S NAVIES
Germany's Sea Strength—Great Britain's Immense War Fleet—Immense Fighting Craft—The United States' New Battle Cruisers—The Fastest and Biggest Ocean Fighting Ships—The Picturesque Marines: The Soldiers of the Sea...
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CHAPTER XIV THE NATIONS AT WAR
CHAPTER XIV THE NATIONS AT WAR
Unexpected Developments—- How the War Flames Spread—A Score of Countries Involved—The Points of Contact—Picturesque and Rugged Bulgaria, Roumania, Servia, Greece, Italy and Historic Southeast Europe...
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CHAPTER XV MODERN WAR METHODS
CHAPTER XV MODERN WAR METHODS
Individual Initiative as Against Mass Movements—Trench Warfare a Game of Hide and Seek—Rats and Disease—Surgery's Triumphs—Changed Tactics—Italian Mountain Fighting...
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CHAPTER XVI WOMAN AND THE WAR
CHAPTER XVI WOMAN AND THE WAR
She has Won "Her Place in the Sun"—Rich and Poor in the Munitions Factories—Nurse and Ambulance Driver—Khaki and Trousers—Organizer and Farmer—Heroes in the Stress of Circumstances—Dying Men's Work for Men—even a "Bobbie"...
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CHAPTER XVII THE TERRIBLE PRICE
CHAPTER XVII THE TERRIBLE PRICE
A Nation of Men Destroyed—Millions in Shipping and Commerce Destroyed—World's Maps Changed—Billions in Money—Immense Debts—Nation's Wealth—The United States a Great Provider...
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CHAPTER XVIII THE WORLD RULERS AT WAR
CHAPTER XVIII THE WORLD RULERS AT WAR
Woodrow Wilson, the Champion of Democracy—The Egotistical Kaiser—The German Crown Prince—Britain's Monarch—Constantine Who Quit Rather than Fight Germany—President Poincare—And Other National Heads...
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CHAPTER XIX THE WAR'S WHO'S WHO
CHAPTER XIX THE WAR'S WHO'S WHO
Striking Figures in the Conflict—Joffre, the Hero of Marne—Nivelle, the French Commander—Sir Douglas Haig—The Kaiser's Chancellor—Venizelos—"Black Jack" Pershing...
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CHAPTER XX CHEMISTRY IN THE WAR
CHAPTER XX CHEMISTRY IN THE WAR
Substitutes for Cotton—Nitrates Produced from air—Yeast a Real Substitute for Beef—Seaweed Made to Give up Potash—A Gangrene Preventative—Soda Made Out of Salt Water—America Chemically Independent...
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CHAPTER XXI OUR NEIGHBORING ALLY
CHAPTER XXI OUR NEIGHBORING ALLY
Canada's Recruiting—Raise 33,000 Troops in Two Months—First Expeditionary Force to Cross Atlantic—Bravery at Ypres and Lens—Meeting Difficult Problems—Quebec Aroused by Conscription...
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CHAPTER XXII THE HEROIC ANZAC
CHAPTER XXII THE HEROIC ANZAC
Forces that Stirred the World in the Gallipoli Campaign—Famous as Sappers—The Blasting of Messines Ridge—Two Years Tunnelling—30,000 Germans Blown to Atoms—1,000,000 Pounds of Explosives Used—Troops that Were Transported 11,000 Miles...
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CHAPTER XXIII AMERICA STEPS IN
CHAPTER XXIII AMERICA STEPS IN
President Wilson's Famous Message to Congress—The War Resolution—April 6, 1917, Sees the United States at War—Review of the Negotiations Between Germany and America—The U-Boat Restricted Zone Announcement of Germany—Premier Lloyd George on America in the Conflict...
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CHAPTER XXIV UNCLE SAM TAKES HOLD
CHAPTER XXIV UNCLE SAM TAKES HOLD
Makes World's Biggest War Loan—Seize German Ships—Intrigue Exposed—General Pershing and Staff in Europe—The Navy on Duty in North Sea—First United States Troops Reach France—Germany's Attempts to Sink Troop Ships Thwarted by Navy's Guns...
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CHAPTER XXV A GERMAN CRISIS
CHAPTER XXV A GERMAN CRISIS
The Downfall of Bethmann-Hollweg—The Crown Prince in the Lime Light—Hollweg's Unique Career—Dr. Georg Michaelis Appointed Chancellor—The Kaiser and How He Gets His Immense Power...
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CHAPTER XXVI UNCLE SAM AND THE NEUTRALS
CHAPTER XXVI UNCLE SAM AND THE NEUTRALS
President Wilson Puts Embargo on Food Shipments—Scandinavian Countries Furnishing Supplies to Germany Inspires Order—The Difficult Position of Norway, Denmark, Holland and Switzerland...
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CHAPTER XXVII THE ACTIONS OF THE WAR
CHAPTER XXVII THE ACTIONS OF THE WAR
From Bosnia to Flanders—Marne the Turning Point of the Conflict—The Conquests of Servia and Rumania—The Fall of Bagdad—Russia's Women Soldiers—America's Conscripts...
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CHAPTER XXVIII AMERICAN FORCES BECOME FACTOR
CHAPTER XXVIII AMERICAN FORCES BECOME FACTOR
United States Soldiers Inspired Allied Troops—Russian Government Collapses—Italian Army Fails—Allied War Council Formed—Foch Commands Allied Armies—Pershing Offers American Troops—Under Fire—U-Boat Bases Raided by British...
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CHAPTER XXIX AMERICANS TURN WAR'S TIDE
CHAPTER XXIX AMERICANS TURN WAR'S TIDE
Brilliant American Fighting Stops Hun Advance—French and British Inspired—Famous Marines Lead in Picturesque Attack—Halt Germans at Chateau-Thierry—Used Open Style Fighting—Thousands of Germans Slain—United States Troops in Siberia—New Conscription Bill Passed—Allied Successes on All Fronts...
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CHAPTER XXX VICTORY—PEACE
CHAPTER XXX VICTORY—PEACE
The German Empire Collapses—Foch's Strategy Wins—American Inspiration a Big Factor—Bulgaria, Turkey and Austria Quit War—Monarchs Fall—Kaiser Abdicates and Flees Germany—Armistice Signed—November 11, Peace...
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THE NEGRO IN THE WORLD WAR
THE NEGRO IN THE WORLD WAR
wounded soldiers WOUNDED AMERICAN SOLDIERS ENTERTAINING THEMSELVES. During the period of convalescence the wounded were well cared for. They earned and deserved the best possible treatment and care. fifth ave. FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, CHEERS NEGRO VETERANS. The 369th Colored Infantry acclaimed by thousands upon their return from France. Their record is one of the bravest of any organization in the war. wounded ONE OF THE WOUNDED AND HIS MOTHER. A member of the famous 369th Colored Infantry, who w
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CHAPTER I.
CHAPTER I.
Civilization at Issue—The German Empire—Character of William II—The Great Conspiracy—The War by Years—United States in the War—Two Hundred Fifty Miles of Battle—The Downfall of Turkey—The Democratic Close of the War. The World War, terminated by the signing of the armistice November 11, 1918, was attended with more far-reaching changes than any war known to history, and is destined to so profoundly influence civilization that we see in it the beginning of a new age. Somewhat similar wars in the
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CHAPTER II.
CHAPTER II.
Organization of His General Staff—Training in France—In the Aisne Offensive—At Chateau Thierry—The St. Mihiel Salient—Meuse-Argonne, First Phase—The Battle in the Forest—Summary . This is a brief summary of the organization and operations of the American Expeditionary Force from May 26, 1917, until the signing of the armistice, November 11, 1918. Immediately upon receiving my orders I selected a small staff and proceeded to Europe in order to become familiar with conditions at the earliest possi
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CHAPTER III.
CHAPTER III.
Troop Movement During the Year—Tribute to American Soldiers—Splendid Spirit of the Nation—Resume the Work of Peace—Outline of Work in Paris—Support of Nation Urged . On December 2, 1918, just prior to sailing for Europe to take part in the Peace Conference, President Wilson addressed Congress, reviewing the work of the American people, soldiers, sailors and civilians, in the World War which had been brought to a successful conclusion on November 11th. His speech, in part, follows: "The year that
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CHAPTER IV.
CHAPTER IV.
Teutons Find in a Murder the Excuse for War—Germany Inspired by Ambitions for World Control—The Struggle for Commercial Supremacy a Factor—The Underlying Motives . The assassination of the Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir apparent to the throne of Austria, together with his wife, in Bosnia, during the last days of June, 1914, is commonly regarded as the blow which forged the chain that bound the European powers in bloody warfare. The tragedy was the signal for putting on the world stage the grea
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CHAPTER V.
CHAPTER V.
The Iron Hand of Prussianism—The Arrogant Hohenzollern Attitude—Secretary Lane Tells Why We Fight—Broken Pledges—Laws Violated—Prussianism the Child of Barbarity—Germany's Plans for a World Empire . Not merely to prevent Germany from opening avenues of commerce to the seas nor to throttle the ambitions of the Kaiser was America drawn into the vortex of war with France, England, Russia, Belgium, Italy and other nations; but that the iron hand of Prussianism, as exemplified in the conduct of the G
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CHAPTER VI.
CHAPTER VI.
Germany's Barbarity—The Devastation of Belgium—Human Fiends—Firebrand and Torch—Rape and Pillage—The Sacking of Louvain—Wanton Destruction—Official Proof . The conduct of Germany in ignoring international treaties and invading Belgium first aroused the antagonism of the United States and the rest of the civilized world, and furnished the primary glimpse of how Imperialism made light of human rights. What the Kaiser and his arrogant followers did is fully set forth in the report which a special e
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CHAPTER VII.
CHAPTER VII.
A Voracious Sea Monster—The Ruthless Destructive Policy of Germany—Starvation of Nations the Goal—How the Submarines Operate—Some Personal Experiences . Almost the entire story of the world war is written around the development of the submarine. One can scarcely think of the terrible conflict without bringing to mind the wonderful "underseas" boat which has made infamous Germany famous. The truth is that, in so far as America is concerned, the conflict was precipitated by the ruthless submarine
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CHAPTER VIII.
CHAPTER VIII.
Nets To Entangle the Sea Sharks of War—"Chasers" or "Skimming-dish" Boats—"Blimps" and Seaplanes—Hunting the Submarine with "Lance," Bomb and Gun—A Sailor's Description . The advantage which Germany gained by the development of what has been termed the super-submarine placed the other nations where it became absolutely necessary for them to concentrate their energies in an effort to counteract the devastation which the U-boats brought upon the seas. England tried first to protect the English cha
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CHAPTER IX.
CHAPTER IX.
Aeroplanes and Airships—They Spy the Movements of Forces on Land or Sea—Lead Disastrous Bomb Attacks—Valuable in "Spotting" Submarines—The Bombardment at Messines Ridge . Just as the submarine has revolutionized warfare on the seas and presented new problems for the naval experts to solve, so the aircraft of the last decade has had its effect upon the operation of land forces. Probably the aeroplane and the dirigible balloon have had a greater influence on the conduct of battles and military cam
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CHAPTER X.
CHAPTER X.
Chemistry a Demon of Destruction—Poison Gas Bombs—Gas Masks—Hand Grenades—Mortars—"Tanks"—Feudal "Battering Rams"—Steel Helmets—Strange Bullets—Motor Plows—Real Dogs of War . Things new and passing strange—thousands of them—have been brought into being by the great world war. Human minds have developed things undreamed of by science or fiction—things that a few years ago would have been considered too strange and fantastic for even the professional romancer to weave into the tissues of his stori
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CHAPTER XI
CHAPTER XI
The Terrible Rapid-fire Gun—Armored Automobiles and Automobile Artillery—Howitzers—Mounted Forts—Armored Trains—Observation Towers—Wireless Apparatus—The Army Pantry . It is a long step from the old, smooth bore, flintlock rifle of the Revolutionary days to the modern magazine gun, with its long-pointed cartridges; and it is almost as great a step from the crude iron cannons and smooth bore mortars of the Civil War, with their canister and grape shot, down to the huge, 42 centimeter guns which h
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CHAPTER XII.
CHAPTER XII.
The Efficient German Organization—The Landwehr and Landsturm—General Forms of Military Organization—The Brave French Troops—The Picturesque Italian Soldiery—The Peace and War Strength—Available Fighting Men—Fortifications . No one scoffs at the military organization which Germany has developed through the years—yes, almost centuries—of moulding and training, for Germany has proved herself efficient, even if egotistical and domineering. She built up what at the beginning of the war was recognized
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CHAPTER XIII.
CHAPTER XIII.
Germany's Sea Strength—Great Britain's Immense War Fleet—Immense Fighting Craft—The United States' New Battle Cruisers—The Fastest and Biggest Ocean Fighting Ships—The Picturesque Marines: the Soldiers of the Sea . Just as Germany at the outset of the war had the most efficient and, broadly speaking, the greatest army in the world, so England had the greatest navy in the world. As a matter of fact, Great Britain's domination of the seas was very largely responsible for the development of the sup
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CHAPTER XIV.
CHAPTER XIV.
Unexpected Developments—How the War Flames Spread—A Score of Countries Involved—The Points of Contact—Picturesque and Rugged Bulgaria, Roumania, Servia, Greece, Italy and Historic Southeast Europe . The real history of the greatest war of all times is the history of the entire world, touching every phase of existence in a manner that has never been approximated by any other conflict. The motives and ramifications are so great that it is almost impossible for the human mind to grasp the significa
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CHAPTER XV.
CHAPTER XV.
Individual Initiative as Against Mass Movements—Trench Warfare a Game of Hide and Seek—Rats and Disease—Surgery's Triumphs—Changed Tactics—Italian Mountain Fighting . Warfare such as carried on in the Great World War is so different from that of any other of the great wars which the world has seen, that it might be described as a method of fighting distinctively unique. Undoubtedly, more ancient methods, and even ancient weapons, have been employed than were used in any of the wars which have ch
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CHAPTER XVI.
CHAPTER XVI.
She Has Won "Her Place in the Sun"—Rich and Poor in the Munitions Factories—Nurse and Ambulance Driver—Khaki and Trousers—Organizer and Farmer—Heroes in the Stress of Circumstances—Doing Men's Work for Men—Even a "Bobbie." If it were ever really necessary for woman to "win a place in the sun" she has done so by her activities with relation to the war. We have regarded woman with a high degree of sentimentality, and to her pleas for recognition in world affairs have shrugged our shoulders and int
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CHAPTER XVII.
CHAPTER XVII.
A Nation of Men Destroyed—Millions in Shipping and Commerce Destroyed—World's Maps Changed—Billions in Money—Immense Debts—Nation's Wealth—The United States a Great Provider . The human tongue seems almost devoid of power to convey to the human mind what the war has actually cost the world in lives, money, property, ideals and all that is dear to humanity. In all the world there is not a human being who has not contributed something to the awful cost and the loss due to the destruction of proper
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CHAPTER XVIII.
CHAPTER XVIII.
Woodrow Wilson, the Champion of Democracy—The Egotistical Kaiser—The German Crown Prince—Britain's Monarch—Constantine Who Quit Rather than Fight Germany—President Poincaire—And Other National Heads . No matter what the human frailties may be there are always men who rise in the stress of circumstances to unexpected heights. They thrive upon difficulties and in the emergencies become protectors and saviors of men. In the world's greatest melting-pot—the burned and blood-stained battlefields of E
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CHAPTER XIX.
CHAPTER XIX.
Striking Figures in the Conflict—Joffre, the Hero of Marne—Nivelle, the French Commander—Sir Douglas Haig—The Kaiser's Chancellor—Venizelos—"Black Jack" Pershing . One of the most striking figures among those whose names are irrevocably linked with the history of the world fight for democracy, is that of Joseph Joffre, Marshal of France, former Commander of the French forces and victor of the famous battle of the Marne, who led the French Mission to the United States, after America entered the w
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CHAPTER XX.
CHAPTER XX.
Substitutes for Cotton—Nitrates Produced from Air—Yeast a Real Substitute for Beef—Seaweed Made to Give up Potash—A Gangrene Preventative—Soda Made Out of Salt Water—America Chemically Independent . It is when men are put to the test that they develop initiative and are inspired to great things. In the stress of circumstances there were created through and in the great war many unusual devices and much that will endure for the benefit of mankind in the future. It is probable that the advancement
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CHAPTER XXI.
CHAPTER XXI.
Canada's Recruiting—Raise 33,000 Troops in Two Months—First Expeditionary Force to Cross Atlantic—Bravery at Ypres and Lens—Meeting Difficult Problems—Quebec Aroused by Conscription . The world has marvelled at the achievement of Canada at Valcartier camp near Quebec and the dispatch across the Atlantic Ocean of a fully equipped expeditionary force of 33,000 men within two months of the outbreak of war between Great Britain and Germany. But the magnitude of that feat cannot be appreciated proper
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CHAPTER XXII.
CHAPTER XXII.
Forces that Stirred the World in the Gallipoli Campaigns—Famous as Sappers—The Blasting of Messines Ridge—Two Years Tunneling—30,000 Germans Blown to Atoms—1,000,000 Pounds of Explosives Used—Troops that were Transported 11,000 Miles . When the final history of the war is written, and the years have passed into ages, the story of the Anzac will form a brilliant passage in the book of nations. The Anzac in the campaigns at Gallipoli, the Dardanelles, and in Flanders served England with a loyalty
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CHAPTER XXIII.
CHAPTER XXIII.
President Wilson's Famous Message to Congress—The War Resolution—April 6, 1917 Sees the United States at War—Review of the Negotiations Between Germany and America—The U-Boat Restricted Zone Announcement of Germany—Premier Lloyd George on America in the Conflict . The hoisting of the American flag to the top of the staff as the emblem of world-wide Liberty followed the action of Congress in authorizing President Wilson to declare a state of war existed between Germany and the United States. What
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CHAPTER XXIV.
CHAPTER XXIV.
Makes World's Biggest War Loan—Seize German Ships—Intrigue Exposed—General Pershing and Staff in Europe—The Navy on Duty in North Sea—First United States Troops Reach France—Germany's Attempts to Sink Troop Ships Thwarted by Navy's Guns . Scarcely had the ink had time to dry on the Nation's command to begin war than Congress voted an appropriation of $7,000,000,000 for war purposes. This, the largest single appropriation ever made by a government in the world, was passed without a dissenting vot
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CHAPTER XXV.
CHAPTER XXV.
The Downfall of Bethmann-Hollweg—The Crown Prince in the Lime Light—Hollweg's Unique Career—Dr. Georg Michaelis Appointed Chancellor—The Kaiser and How He Gets His Immense Power . The active participation of the United States in the war, as distinctly marked by the sending of troops to France, aside from giving needed inspiration to the Allied forces, may be said to have had a decided effect in Germany. While the German subjects are loyal, there has developed in the country, as in every other co
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CHAPTER XXVI.
CHAPTER XXVI.
President Wilson Puts Embargo on Food Shipments—Scandinavian Countries Furnishing Supplies to Germany Inspires Order—The Difficult Position of Norway, Denmark, Holland and Switzerland . When America first declared its intentions there were in the United States thousands who held to the theory that "America in War" simply meant that we should shut ourselves within our borders, perhaps furnish supplies to the Allied forces, lend money to England, France, Belgium and Russia, use our navy to protect
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CHAPTER XXVII.
CHAPTER XXVII.
From Bosnia to Flanders—Marne the Turning Point of the Conflict—The Conquests of Servia and Rumania—The Fall of Bagdad—Russia's Women Soldiers—America's Conscripts . The end of August, 1917, found twenty-one nations in a state of war and five in what might be termed a condition of modified neutrality, with nearly 40,000,000 summoned to arms and 5,000,000 killed in bitter warfare. This was the fiery reflection of the shots which caused the death of the Archduke Francis Ferdinand, of Austria, in t
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CHAPTER XXVIII.
CHAPTER XXVIII.
United States Soldiers Inspired Allied Troops—Russian Government Collapses—Italian Army Fails—Allied War Council Formed—Foch Commands Allied Armies—Pershing Offers American Troops—Under Fire—U-Boat Bases Raided by British . The influence exerted by the actual presence of the American troops on the western front was soon apparent. The spirits of the English, French and Canadian troops were raised and the presence of the Americans was heralded to the world as an evidence of complete unity on the p
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CHAPTER XXIX.
CHAPTER XXIX.
Brilliant American Fighting Stops Hun Advance—French and British Inspired—Famous Marines Lead in Picturesque Attack—Halt Germans at Chateau-Thierry—Used Open Style Fighting—Thousands of Germans Slain—United States Troops in Siberia—New Conscription Bill Passed—Allied Successes on All Fronts . All history contains no greater story of bravery and heroism than that which echoed around the world concerning the exploits of the American soldiery in France as the war entered its fifth year. Casting asi
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CHAPTER XXX.
CHAPTER XXX.
The German Empire Collapses—Foch's Strategy Wins—American Inspiration a Big Factor—Bulgaria, Turkey and Austria Quit War—Monarchs Fall—- Kaiser Abdicates and Flees Germany—Armistice Signed—November 11, Peace . Then came the fall of autocracy— Victory! Peace! With a crash that echoed around the world the autocratic governmental structure builded by the Kaiser and his forebears gave way and came tumbling to the earth in ruins on Monday, November 11, 1918. The most momentous event in ages had come
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THE NEGRO IN THE WORLD WAR.
THE NEGRO IN THE WORLD WAR.
Civilization evolves destructive forces of change. War is change in explosive form. World notions, points of view, and general ideas of 1914 have spun the cycle of years with accelerated speed. At that time the public mind gained its concept of the Negro from encyclopaedic information. He was regarded as a "sub-species of mankind, dark of skin, wooly of hair, long of head, with dilated nostrils, thick lips, thicker cranium, flat foot, prehensile great toe and larkheel." He was described as a cre
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THE NEGRO IN THE NAVY.
THE NEGRO IN THE NAVY.
Achievements of the Negro in the American Navy—Guarding the Trans-Atlantic Route to France—Battling the Submarine Peril—The Best Sailors in Any Navy in the World—Making a Navy in Three Months from Negro Stevedores and Laborers—Wonderful Accomplishments of Our Negro Yeomen and Yeowomen . Stranger than fiction, the story of the organization, development and expansion of the United States navy from a mere atom, as it were, to the present time, when her electrically propelled men-of-war, equipped wi
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CHAPTER XXXIII.
CHAPTER XXXIII.
The Training Camp—The Black Devils—They Died That Our Republic May Live—The Last Soldiers To Cease Fighting—Taking The Bit Between Their Teeth—The Hindenburg Line Could Not Stop Them—They Cross the Ailette Canal—Desperate Deeds of Daring—One Man Routs a Machine Gun Crew—The Band Played On—Summary of Deeds of The Illinois Eighth . At the beautiful city of Rockford, Illinois, was located Camp Grant where thousands of Negro recruits gathered from cities and factories, farms and plantations of our c
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CONDENSED CHRONOLOGY OF THE WAR
CONDENSED CHRONOLOGY OF THE WAR
June 28—Murder at Serajevo of the Archduke Francis Ferdinand. July 23—Austro-Hungarian ultimatum to Serbia. July 28—Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia. July 31—General mobilization in Russia. "State of war" declared in Germany. Aug. 1—Germany declared war on Russia and invaded Luxemburg. Aug. 2—German ultimatum to Belgium, demanding free passage across Belgium. Aug. 3—Germany declares war on France. Aug. 4—War declared by Great Britain on Germany. Aug. 4—President Wilson proclaimed neutralit
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