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LONDON,
LONDON,
Printed by J. DARBY and T. BROWNE in Bartholomew-Close. And Sold by J. ROBERTS in Warwick-lane , J. TONSON in the Strand , W. INNYS and R. MANBY at the West End of St. Paul's Church-Yard , J. OSBORN and T. LONGMAN in Pater-Noster-Row , J. NOON near Mercers Chapel in Cheapside , T. HATCHETT at the Royal Exchange , S. HARDING in St. Martin's lane , J. STAGG in Westminster-Hall , J. PARKER in Pall-mall , and J. BRINDLEY in New Bond-Street ....
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Baron of Ockham, Lord High Chancellor of Great-Britain.
Baron of Ockham, Lord High Chancellor of Great-Britain.
My Lord, I shall make no Apology for addressing the following Sheets to Your Lordship, who lived in a long Intercourse of Friendship with the Author; and, like him, amidst occupations of a different nature, made Religion your voluntary Study; and in all your Enquiries and Actions, have shewn the same inflexible Adherence to Truth and Virtue. I shall always reckon it one of the Advantages of my Relation to Sir Isaac Newton , that it affords me an opportunity of making this publick acknowledgment
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PART I.
PART I.
Observations upon the Prophecies of Daniel . CHAP. I . Introduction concerning, the Compilers of the Books of the Old Testament. CHAP. II . Of the Prophetic Language. CHAP. III . Of the vision of the Image composed of four Metals. CHAP. IV . Of the vision of the four Beasts. CHAP. V . Of the Kingdoms represented by the feet of the Image composed of iron and clay. CHAP. VI . Of the ten Kingdoms represented by the ten horns of the fourth Beast. CHAP. VII . Of the eleventh horn of Daniel 's fourth
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PART II.
PART II.
Observations upon the Apocalypse of St. John . CHAP. I . Introduction, concerning the time when the Apocalypse was written. CHAP. II . Of the relation which the Apocalypse of John hath to the Book of the Law of Moses , and to the worship of God in the Temple. CHAP. III . Of the relation which the Prophecy of John hath to those of Daniel ; and of the Subject of the Prophecy....
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CHAP. I.
CHAP. I.
Introduction concerning the Compilers of the books of the Old Testament. When Manasses [1] set up a carved image in the house of the Lord, and built altars in the two courts of the house, to all the host of Heaven, and us'd inchantments and witchcraft, and familiar spirits, and for his great wickedness was invaded by the army of Asserhadon King of Assyria , and carried captive to Babylon ; the book of the Law was lost till the eighteenth year of his grandson Josiah . Then [2] Hilkiah the High Pr
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Notes to Chap. I.
Notes to Chap. I.
[1] 2 Chron. xxxiii. 5, 6, 7. [2] 2 Chron. xxxiv. [3] 2 Chron. xii. 2, 3, 4, 8, 9. & xv. 3, 5, 6. [4] 2 Chron. xiv. 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12. [5] 2 Chron. xv. 3, 12, 13, 16, 18. [6] 2 Kings xvii. 27, 28, 32, 33. [7] 2 Kings xvii. 34, 41. [8] Gen. xxxvi. 31....
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CHAP. II.
CHAP. II.
Of the Prophetic Language. For understanding the Prophecies, we are, in the first place, to acquaint our-selves with the figurative language of the Prophets. This language is taken from the analogy between the world natural, and an empire or kingdom considered as a world politic. Accordingly, the whole world natural consisting of heaven and earth, signifies the whole world politic, consisting of thrones and people, or so much of it as is considered in the Prophecy: and the things in that world s
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CHAP. III.
CHAP. III.
Of the vision of the Image composed of four Metals. The Prophecies of Daniel are all of them related to one another, as if they were but several parts of one general Prophecy, given at several times. The first is the easiest to be understood, and every following Prophecy adds something new to the former. The first was given in a dream to Nebuchadnezzar , King of Babylon , in the second year of his reign; but the King forgetting his dream, it was given again to Daniel in a dream, and by him revea
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Notes to Chap. III.
Notes to Chap. III.
[1] Chap. ii. 41, &c....
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CHAP. IV.
CHAP. IV.
Of the vision of the four Beasts. In the next vision, which is of the four Beasts, the Prophecy of the four Empires is repeated, with several new additions; such as are the two wings of the Lion, the three ribs in the mouth of the Bear, the four wings and four heads of the Leopard, the eleven horns of the fourth Beast, and the son of man coming in the clouds of Heaven, to the Antient of Days sitting in judgment. The first Beast was like a lion, and had eagle's wings, to denote the kingdoms of Ba
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Notes to Chap. IV.
Notes to Chap. IV.
[1] Chap. vii. 4. [2] Chap. vii. 5. [3] Chap. vii. 13. [4] Chap. vii. 11, 12....
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CHAP. V.
CHAP. V.
Of the Kingdoms represented by the feet of the Image composed of iron and clay. Dacia was a large country bounded on the south by the Danube , on the east by the Euxine sea, on the north by the river Neister and the mountain Crapac , and on the west by the river Tibesis , or Teys , which runs southward into the Danube a little above Belgrade . It comprehended the countries now called Transylvania , Moldavia , and Wallachia , and the eastern part of the upper Hungary . Its antient inhabitants wer
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Notes to Chap. V.
Notes to Chap. V.
[1] Procop. l. 1. de Bello Vandalico. [2] Galli Arborici: whence the region was named Arboricbant , and by contraction Brabant....
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CHAP. VI.
CHAP. VI.
Of the ten Kingdoms represented by the ten horns of the fourth Beast. Now by the wars above described the Western Empire of the Romans , about the time that Rome was besieged and taken by the Goths , became broken into the following ten kingdoms. 1 . The kingdom of the Vandals and Alans in Spain and Africa . 2 . The kingdom of the Suevians in Spain . 3 . The kingdom of the Visigoths . 4 . The kingdom of the Alans in Gallia . 5 . The kingdom of the Burgundians . 6 . The kingdom of the Franks . 7
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Notes to Chap. VI.
Notes to Chap. VI.
[1] Apud Bucherum, l. 14. c. 9. n. 8. [2] Rolevinc's Antiqua Saxon. l. 1. c. 6....
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CHAP. VII.
CHAP. VII.
Of the eleventh horn of Daniel 's fourth Beast. [1] Now Daniel, considered the horns, and behold there came up among them another horn, before whom there were three of the first horns pluckt up by the roots; and behold in this horn were eyes like the eyes of a man, and a mouth speaking great things, —and [2] his look was more stout than his fellows,—and the same horn made war with the saints, and prevailed against them : and one who stood by, and made Daniel know the interpretation of these thin
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Notes to Chap. VII.
Notes to Chap. VII.
[1] Chap. vii. 8. [2] Ver. 20, 21. [3] Ver. 24. [4] Ver. 25. [5] Sigonius de Regno Italiæ, ad Ann. 726. [6] Sigonius ib. ad Ann. 726, 752. [7] Sigon. ib. Ann. 750. [8] Sigon. ib. Ann. 753, 754, 755. [9] Sigon. ib. Ann. 773. [10] Sigon. de Regno Ital. ad Ann. 796. [11] Vide Anastasium. [12] Sigon. de Regno Ital. [13] Confirmationem recitat Sigonius, lib. 4. de Regno Italiæ, ad An. 817. [11] Vide Anastasium. [12] Sigon. de Regno Ital. [13] Confirmationem recitat Sigonius, lib. 4. de Regno Italiæ,
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CHAP. VIII.
CHAP. VIII.
Of the power of the eleventh horn of Daniel 's fourth Beast, to change times and laws . In the reign of the Greek Emperor Justinian , and again in the reign of Phocas , the Bishop of Rome obtained some dominion over the Greek Churches, but of no long continuance. His standing dominion was only over the nations of the Western Empire , represented by Daniel 's fourth Beast. And this jurisdiction was set up by the following Edict of the Emperors Gratian and Valentinian.— [1] Volumus ut quicunque ju
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Notes to Chap. VIII.
Notes to Chap. VIII.
[1] See the Annals of Baronius, Anno 381. Sect. 6. [2] Populos Galliciæ. [3] Hormisd. Epist. 24. 26. [4] The words, sine auctoritate , seem wanting. [5] Vide Caroli a S. Paulo Geographiam sacram, p. 72, 73. [6] Greg. M. lib. 1. Indic. 9. Epist. 16. [7] Apud Gratianum de Mediolanensi & Aquileiensi Episcopis. [8] Greg. M. lib. 3. Epist. 26. & lib. 4. Epist. 1. [9] Greg. lib. 5. Epist. 4. [10] Greg. lib. 9. Epist. 10 & 67. [11] Greg. lib. 11. Epist. 3, 4. [12] Ambros l. 3. d
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CHAP. IX.
CHAP. IX.
Of the kingdoms represented in Daniel by the Ram and He-Goat . The second and third Empires, represented by the Bear and Leopard, are again represented by the Ram and He-Goat; but with this difference, that the Ram represents the kingdoms of the Medes and Persians from the beginning of the four Empires, and the Goat represents the kingdom of the Greeks to the end of them. By this means, under the type of the Ram and He-Goat, the times of all the four Empires are again described: I lifted up mine
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Notes to Chap. IX.
Notes to Chap. IX.
[1] Chap. viii. 3. [2] Ver. 22. [3] Ver. 23. [4] Chap. viii. 9. [5] Chap. viii. 9, 10. [6] Ver. 11. [7] Ver. 12. [8] Ver. 13, 14. [9] Dan. xi. 1, 2. [10] Ver. 3. [11] Dan xi. 31. [12] Chap. xi. 33, &c. [11] Dan xi. 31. [12] Chap. xi. 33, &c....
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CHAP. X.
CHAP. X.
Of the Prophecy of the Seventy Weeks. The Vision of the Image composed of four Metals was given first to Nebuchadnezzar , and then to Daniel in a dream: and Daniel began then to be celebrated for revealing of secrets, Ezek. xxviii. 3. The Vision of the four Beasts, and of the Son of man coming in the clouds of heaven, was also given to Daniel in a dream. That of the Ram and the He-Goat appeared to him in the day time, when he was by the bank of the river Ulay ; and was explained to him by the pr
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Notes to Chap. X.
Notes to Chap. X.
[1] Chap. ix. 24, 25, 26, 27. [2] Cut upon . A phrase in Hebrew , taken from the practise of numbring by cutting notches. [3] Heb. to seal , i.e. to finish or consummate: a metaphor taken from sealing what is finished. So the Jews compute, ad obsignatum Misna, ad obsignatum Talmud , that is, ad absolutum . [4] Heb. the Prophet , not the Prophecy. [5] Heb. the Messiah , that is, in Greek , the Christ ; in English , the Anointed . I use the English word, that the relation of this clause to the for
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CHAP. XI.
CHAP. XI.
Of the Times of the Birth and Passion of Christ. The times of the Birth and Passion of Christ , with such like niceties, being not material to religion, were little regarded by the Christians of the first age. They who began first to celebrate them, placed them in the cardinal periods of the year; as the annunciation of the Virgin Mary , on the 25th of March , which when Julius Cæsar corrected the Calendar was the vernal Equinox; the feast of John Baptist on the 24th of June , which was the summ
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Notes to Chap. XI.
Notes to Chap. XI.
[1] I observe, that Christ and his forerunner John in their parabolical discourses were wont to allude to things present. The old Prophets, when they would describe things emphatically, did not only draw parables from things which offered themselves, as from the rent of a garment, 1 Sam. xv. from the sabbatic year, Isa. xxxvii. from the vessels of a Potter, Jer. xviii, &c. but also when such fit objects were wanting, they supplied them by their own actions, as by rending a garment, 1 Kin
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CHAP. XII.
CHAP. XII.
Of the Prophecy of the Scripture of Truth. The kingdoms represented by the second and third Beasts, or the Bear and Leopard, are again described by Daniel in his last Prophecy written in the third year of Cyrus over Babylon , the year in which he conquered Persia . For this Prophecy is a commentary upon the Vision of the Ram and He-Goat. Behold , saith [1] he, there shall stand up yet three kings in Persia, [ Cyrus , Cambyses , and Darius Hystaspes ] and the fourth [ Xerxes ] shall be far richer
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Notes to Chap. XII.
Notes to Chap. XII.
[1] Chap. xi. 2, 3, 4. [2] Chap. xi. 5. [3] Chap. xi. 6, 7, 8. [4] Chap. xi. 10, &c. [5] Chap. xi. 13-19. [6] Chap. xi. 20. [7] Chap. xi. 21, &c. [8] 2 Maccab. iii. 5, 8. & iv. 4. [9] Chap. xi. 25, &c. [10] Chap. xi. 29, 30. [11] Chap. xi. 32, &c. [12] Chap. xi. 36, &c. [13] Chap. xi. 40, &c. [11] Chap. xi. 32, &c. [12] Chap. xi. 36, &c. [13] Chap. xi. 40, &c....
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CHAP. XIII.
CHAP. XIII.
Of the King who did according to his will, and magnified himself above every God, and honoured Mahuzzims , and regarded not the desire of women . In the first ages of the Christian religion the Christians of every city were governed by a Council of Presbyters, and the President of the Council was the Bishop of the city. The Bishop and Presbyters of one city meddled not with the affairs of another city, except by admonitory letters or messages. Nor did the Bishops of several cities meet together
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Notes to Chap. XIII.
Notes to Chap. XIII.
[1] Lib. 4. c. 28, 29. [2] In vita Constantini, l. 4. c. 28. [3] Epist. 10. [4] L. 32. de Episcopis....
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CHAP. XIV.
CHAP. XIV.
Of the Mahuzzims , honoured by the King who doth according to his will . In scripture we are told of some trusting in God and others trusting in idols , and that God is our refuge, our strength, our defense . In this sense God is the rock of his people , and false Gods are called the rock of those that trust in them , Deut. xxxii. 4, 15, 18, 30, 31, 37. In the same sense the Gods of the King who shall do according to his will are called Mahuzzims , munitions, fortresses, protectors, guardians, o
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Notes to Chap. XIV.
Notes to Chap. XIV.
[1] Chap. xi. 38, 39 [2] Orat. de vita Greg. Thaumaturg. T. 3. p. 574. [3] Vide Hom. 47. in. S. Julian. [4] Epist. 27. ad Eustochium. [5] Edit. Frontonis Ducæi, Tom. 1. [6] Ad. an. 381, Sect. 41. [7] Hist. Eccl. l. 2. c. 23. [8] L. 4. c. 24. [9] Hom. 66. ad. populum, circa finem. & Hom. 8, 27. in Matth. Hom. 42, 43. in Gen. Hom. 1. in 1 Thess. [10] Exposit. in Psal. 114. sub finem....
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CHAP. I.
CHAP. I.
Introduction, concerning the time when the Apocalypse was written . Irenæus introduced an opinion that the Apocalypse was written in the time of Domitian ; but then he also postponed the writing of some others of the sacred books, and was to place the Apocalypse after them: he might perhaps have heard from his master Polycarp that he had received this book from John about the time of Domitian 's death; or indeed John might himself at that time have made a new publication of it, from whence Irenæ
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Notes to Chap. I.
Notes to Chap. I.
[1] Dem. Evang. l. 3. [2] Vid. Pamelium in notis ad Tertull. de Præscriptionbus, n. 215 & Hieron l. 1. contra Jovinianum , c. 14. Edit. Erasmi. [3] Areth. c. 18, 19. [4] Hist. Eccl. l. 3. c. 23. [5] Chrysost. ad Theodorum lapsum. [6] Hieron. in Epist. ad Gal. l. 3. c. 6. [7] Apud Euseb. Eccl. Hist. l. 3. c. 28. Edit. Valesii . [8] Epiphan. Hæres. 28. [9] Hieron. adv. Lucif. [10] 1 Pet. i. 7, 13. iv. 13. & v. 1. [11] Apoc. xiii. 8. [12] Apoc. xxi. [13] Apoc. i. 6. & v. 10.
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CHAP. II.
CHAP. II.
Of the relation which the Apocalypse of John hath to the Book of the Law of Moses , and to the worship of God in the Temple . The Apocalypse of John is written in the same style and language with the Prophecies of Daniel , and hath the same relation to them which they have to one another, so that all of them together make but one complete Prophecy; and in like manner it consists of two parts, an introductory Prophecy, and an Interpretation thereof. The Prophecy is distinguish'd into seven succes
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Notes to Chap. II.
Notes to Chap. II.
[1] Isa. vi. [2] Apoc. v. [3] Apoc. vii [4] Buxtorf in Synogoga Judaica, c. 18, 21. [5] Ezek. ix....
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CHAP. III.
CHAP. III.
Of the relation which the Prophecy of John hath to those of Daniel ; and of the Subject of the Prophecy . The whole scene of sacred Prophecy is composed of three principal parts: the regions beyond Euphrates , represented by the two first Beasts of Daniel ; the Empire of the Greeks on this side of Euphrates , represented by the Leopard and by the He-Goat; and the Empire of the Latins on this side of Greece , represented by the Beast with ten horns. And to these three parts, the phrases of the th
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Notes to Chap. III.
Notes to Chap. III.
[1] Apoc. ii. 4, &c. [2] Apoc. ii. 9, 10. [3] Ver. 14. [4] Numb. xxv. 1, 2, 18, & xxi. 16. [5] Apoc. iii. 10, 12. [6] Apoc. iii. 16, 17. [7] Apoc. viii. 7, &c. [8] Apoc. xvi. 5, 6. [9] Apoc. ix. 13, &c....
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The last pages of these Observations having been differently drawn up by the Author in another copy of his Work; they are here inserted as they follow in that copy, after the 22d line of the 261st page foregoing. And none was found worthy to open the book till the Lamb of God appeared; the great High-Priest represented by a lamb slain at the foot of the Altar in the morning-sacrifice. And he came, and took the book out of the hand of him that sat upon the throne. For the High-Priest, in the feas
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