Growth of the Empire (A.D. 1379 to 1406) Harihara II. — Firuz Shah of Kulbarga — Fresh wars — Assassination of a prince in 1399 A.D. — Bukka II. Bukka I. was succeeded by Harihara II., his son by his wife Gauri. Nuniz calls the new king "Pureoyre Deorao," and "Pureoyre" seems to be a rough Portuguese version of the name Harihara; H and P representing the same sound in the Kanarese and Telugu languages. According to the inscriptions,[74] Harihara II. reigned at least twenty years, and he was the

Deva Raya I. (A.D. 1406 to 1419) The amorous monarch, Deva Raya I. — The farmer's beautiful daughter — The king's escapade — The city threatened — A Hindu princess wedded to a Muhammadan prince — Firuz Shah's anger — Pertal's marriage — King Vijaya — Probable date of accession of Deva Raya II. Firishtah tells us of an event that must have taken place towards the end of the year A.D. 1406, in which the principal actor was the king of Vijayanagar. This king I believe to have been Bukka II.'s succe

The City of Vijayanagar in the Reign of Deva Raya II. (A.D. 1420 (?), 1443) Description given by Nicolo to Bracciolini — The capital — Festivals — Immense population — Abdur Razzak's description — His journey — The walls — Palaces — The Mint — Bazaars — The great Mahahnavami festival. It will be well to suspend our historical narrative for a time in order to acquire some idea of the appearance and condition of the great city of Vijayanagar in these days. We have already noticed that as early as

Close of the First Dynasty (A.D. 1449 to 1490) Mallikarjuna and Virupaksha I. — Rajasekhara and Virupaksha II. — The Dakhan splits up into five independent kingdoms — The Bijapur king captures Goa and Belgaum — Fighting at Rajahmundry, Kondapalle, and other parts of Telingana — Death of Mahmud Gawan — The Russian traveller Nikitin — Chaos at Vijayanagar — Narasimha seizes the throne. I have already stated that the period following the reign of Deva Raya II. is one very difficult to fill up satis

The First Kings of the Second Dynasty (A.D. 1490 to 1509) Narasimha usurps the throne — Flight of the late king — Saluva Timma — Vira Narasimha — Bijapur again attacks Vijayanagar — The Portuguese in India — They seize Goa — Varthema's record — Albuquerque. In my "Sketch of the Dynasties of Southern India," published in 1883 (p. 106), the following passage occurs: — "We now come to the second or Narasimha dynasty, whose scions became more powerful than any monarchs who had ever reigned over the

The Reign of Krishna Deva Raya (A.D. 1509 to 1530) His character and person — Bankapur — Almeida and Fr. Luis's mission — Duarte Barbosa — His description of the city — The king's early wars — Kondapalle — Rajahmundry — Kondavid — Udayagiri — Wars of the Qutb Shah of Golkonda in Telingana. An inscription in the Pampapati temple at Hampe states that on the occasion of a festival in honour of the coronation of Krishna Deva Raya, the king built a hall of assembly and a GOPURA or tower there, and th

The Siege and Battle of Raichur, and Close of Krishna's Reign (A.D. 1520 to 1530) The date of the siege — Evidence of Castanheda, Correa, Barros, Faria y Souza, Osorio, Lafitau, Firishtah — Ruy de Mello and the mainlands of Goa — Immense numbers engaged — Firishtah's story of the fight — Portuguese present — Christovao de Figueiredo — Political effects of the Hindu victory, and the events that followed it — The mainlands of Goa. I shall ask my readers to turn for an account of the great battle a

The Buildings, Works, and Inscriptions of Krishna Deva Temples — Irrigation works — Statue of Narasimha — Kamalapuram — Inscriptions. Were it not that the description given us by Nuniz and Paes of the condition of the great city of Vijayanagar at this period is so graphic, so picturesque, and so detailed as positively to require no addition, I should have deemed it my duty to attempt to supply the want; but with their narrative before us in all its original freshness, it would be useless to atte

The Reign of Achyuta Raya Achyuta Raya — Fall of Raichur and Mudkal — Asada Khan and Goa — Disturbances at Bijapur — Ibrahim Shah at the Hindu capital — Firishtah on Vijayanagar affairs — Rise of Rama Raya and his brothers — "Hoje" — Tirumala — Varying legends — Venkatadri defeated by Asada Khan near Adoni — Asada Khan's career — Belgaum and Goa — Asada's duplicity — Portuguese aggressions — Religious grants by, and inscriptions relating to, Achyuta. Achyuta, according to Nuniz and some other au

The Beginning of the End Reign of Sadasiva — The king a prisoner but acknowledged — Rama Raya — The Adil Shah again at Vijayanagar — Bijapur in danger — Saved by Asada Khan — Rebellion of Prince Abdullah — Royal gratitude — Death of Asada at Belgaum — The Portuguese support Abdullah — Treaties — Ain-ul-Mulkh — Fights near Goa — Rama Raya's threatened expedition to Mailapur — He joins the Adil Shah and wastes the territories of Ahmadnagar — Portuguese violence on the Malabar coast — The Inquisiti

Destruction of Vijayanagar (A.D. 1565) Arrogance of Rama Raya — Ahmadnagar attacked — Muhammadans combine against Vijayanagar — The league of the five kings — Their advance to Talikota — Decisive battle, 1565, and total defeat of the Hindus — Death of Rama Raya — Panic at Vijayanagar — Flight of the royal family — Sack of the great city — Its total destruction — Evidence of Federici, 1567 — Downfall of Portuguese trade, and decay of prosperity at Goa. Meanwhile affairs were advancing rapidly in

The Third Dynasty Genealogy — The Muhammadan States — Fall of Bankapur, Kondavid, Bellamkonda and Vinukonda — Haidarabad founded — Adoni under the Muhammadans — Subsequent history in brief. The following is the genealogy of this third family.[345] They came apparently of the old royal stock, but their exact relationship to it has never been conclusively settled. The dates appended are the dates of inscriptions, not necessarily the dates of reigns. The present Rajah of Anegundi, whose family name

The Story of Barradas (1614) Chandragiri in 1614 — Death of King Venkata — Rebellion of Jaga Raya and murder of the royal family — Loyalty of Echama Naik — The Portuguese independent at San Thome — Actors in the drama — The affair at "Paleacate." — List of successors — Conclusion. The following note of occurrences which took place at Chandragiri in 1614 on the death of King Venkata I. will be found of singular interest, as it relates to events of which we in England have hitherto, I think, been

Of what the King (of Delhi) did after he had slain the King of Bisnaga, and entirely overthrown him, and seized his lands for himself, none being left to defend them. As soon as the King had thus fulfilled all his desires, he bade his captains destroy some villages and towns which had risen against him, and give security to those who sought it of him. After the death of the (Hindu) King he stayed in that fortress two years, having already for twelve waged war on the kingdom.[483] He was far from

How Crisnarao, on the arrival of Salvatinia, determined to attack Rachol, a city of the Ydalcao, and to break the peace that had lasted so long; and the reason why. After Salvatinia had arrived and had been well received by the King, and after the lapse of some days, the King told him that he desired to fulfil all the wishes expressed in the testament of King Narsynga, one of which was to capture Rachol, which was a very strong city and amongst the principal ones of the Ydallcao, who had taken i

How those in the city asked for terms, and the king granted them quarter. Next day, which was twenty days since the battle had taken place in which the Ydallcao had been defeated, the men of the city opened a gate, and with a white flag carried in front of them went the way of the King's camp with their hands uplifted, begging the King's mercy. When the King was advised of their coming, he commanded Solestema,[563] his minister, to receive them; and when they saw that he came out to receive them

How Acadacao went as ambassador for his King and compassed the death of Sallabatecao. Acadacao, being despatched by the Ydallcao, accompanied by certain horsemen with some servants took the road to the city of Mudogal where the King was, and the Ydallcao went with him as far as the river. When Acadacao had arrived, being allowed inside the city by command of the King, he remained several days without seeing the King until he was summoned by his order; then he was admitted and spoke with the King

How this King, during his own lifetime, raised to be King his son, being of the age of six years. After the King had made an end of this, and had obtained so great a victory over his enemies, perceiving that he was already advanced in years, desiring to rest in his old age and wishing his son to become King when he died, he determined to make him King during his lifetime, the boy being six years old and the King not knowing what would happen after his death. Wherefore he abdicated his throne and

Diamonds However much it may at first sight appear that our chroniclers have exaggerated in their description of the wealth of the Hindu sovereign and his nobles, and of the wonderful display of jewels made on days of high festival by the ladies of their households, an account of which is given us by Paes, I for one see little reason for doubt. Nuniz distinctly states (p. 389) that the diamond mines, in their day the richest in the world, were farmed out on condition that all stones above twenty