Memorials Of Shrewsbury - free ebook by Henry Pidgeon

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Memorials Of Shrewsbury

Henry Pidgeon

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MEMORIALS OF SHREWSBURY:

MEMORIALS OF SHREWSBURY:

BEING A CONCISE DESCRIPTION OF THE TOWN AND ITS ENVIRONS, Adapted as A General Guide FOR THE INFORMATION OF VISITORS AND RESIDENTS. BY HENRY PIDGEON . ILLUSTRATED WITH THIRTY-SIX ENGRAVINGS. “FLOREAT SALOPIA.” Shrewsbury: PRINTED BY JOHN EDDOWES, CORN-MARKET. 1837. TO THE Rev. William Gorsuch Rowland, M.A. MINISTER AND OFFICIAL OF THE ROYAL PECULIAR OF ST. MARY’S, SHREWSBURY, AND PREBENDARY OF LICHFIELD, AS A HUMBLE BUT SINCERE TESTIMONY OF RESPECT, FOR HIS ZEALOUS AND MUNIFICENT EXERTIONS IN RE

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PREFACE.

PREFACE.

A little Manual adapted to assist the enquiring stranger in his perambulation around Shrewsbury having been long required, an ardent attachment to his native place, and compliance with the wishes of many friends whose opinions demand respect, are circumstances that have induced the present writer to undertake the task, in which he has been materially assisted by the possession of several volumes of Salopian Annals , or memoranda of all the principal events that have occurred in the town for seve

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SITUATION.

SITUATION.

“A precious stone set in silver.” Shakspeare . The Town of Shrewsbury stands nearly in the centre of the county of which it is the capital; it is situated on two gentle declivities, and is formed by the river Severn into a peninsula, somewhat in the shape of a horse-shoe, having an isthmus not more than three hundred yards across. A variety of opinions have prevailed as to who made choice of the commanding situation and natural retreat which the town affords, as well as to the period of its foun

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ETYMOLOGY.

ETYMOLOGY.

The Britons gave the place the appellation of Pengwern , the Saxons Scrobbes-byrig ; both are synonymous, importing a fenced eminence covered with shrubs. The ancient Welsh called it, and do so to this day, Ammwythig , signifying “The Delight.” The Normans Sciropesberie , and subsequently Salopesberie and Schrosbury , from whence is formed its present name Shrewsbury and Salop. The antiquary Leland thus beautifully accounts for its name: Edita Pengwerni late fastigia splendent, Urbs sita luna

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ANCIENT HISTORY.

ANCIENT HISTORY.

When the Britons had become somewhat settled in their new possessions, they built themselves a city, which (as has been already stated) was called Pengwern . After its destruction under Cynddylan, we find Pengwern inhabited by a King of Powis,—the capital of his kingdom, and ranking among the twenty-eight cities of Britain. Brochwel Yscithrog, or the tusked, King of Powis, whom the Saxon Chronicle calls the Earlderman of the Britons, retained possession of a great part of Shropshire, and fixed

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THE INTERIOR GATEWAY,

THE INTERIOR GATEWAY,

from which the last Norman Earl of Shrewsbury issued with the keys of the gates to make submission to Henry I. Although the masonry of the jambs of this noble gateway is singularly irregular, it has, through a period of nearly 800 years, retained its strength unshaken amid the ravages of time and war. It was formerly defended by a portcullis and towers. The keep consists of two large round towers, embattled and pierced, connected by a square building of about 100 feet in length. Gateway of Cas

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THE FEUDAL STATE

THE FEUDAL STATE

of Shrewsbury carries with it associations of imposing importance;—seated upon a hill rising from a noble ambient river, it was thus doubly fortified by nature; while art, with no unsparing hand, had raised an almost impregnable rampart of stone, flanked by many towers and gates. [18] The imagination will thus readily picture Caer Pengwern : the woody eminence, with its curiously wrought buildings and domestic mansions ranged in irregular groups, surmounted by lofty spires and embattled turrets,

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PRESENT STATE.

PRESENT STATE.

“A lovely spot For all that life can ask! Salubrious! mild! Its hills are green; its woods and prospects fair; Its meadows fertile!” Cottle’s Alfred . The hold situation of the town, girdled by the health-bearing breezes of a beauteous river, with an eminence crown’d by aspiring temples, That upward cast their golden vanes, and shine A bright tiara, gives a striking and majestic appearance to Shrewsbury. When seen from most parts of the adjacent country the town forms a delightful o

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POPULATION.

POPULATION.

The following official return of the population of the five parishes in Shrewsbury is according to the census ordered by government in 1831:— Parishes. Houses. Males. Females. Total. St. Chad 1583 3496 4224 7720 St. Mary 1080 3087 3033 6120 St. Alkmond 356 820 958 1778 St. Julian 676 1413 1583 2996 Holy Cross &amp; St. Giles 337 656 821 1477 Total population 20,091 The public structures devoted to the service of Religion are among the first objects that excite the attention, whilst by many t

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THE OLD CHURCH OF ST. CHAD.

THE OLD CHURCH OF ST. CHAD.

Remains of Old St. Chad’s Church “In midst of towne fower Parish Churches are, Full nere and close, together note that right: For they doe seeme a true love knot to sight.” These quaint lines of our native poet Churchyard, with the illustrative vignette, describe the situation which the spacious cruciform church of Old Saint Chad occupied on the southern eminence of the town. The period of its early foundation has been already alluded to, and the nearly total destruction of the fabric was occasi

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THE NEW CHURCH OF SAINT CHAD

THE NEW CHURCH OF SAINT CHAD

is erected on a beautiful site near the Quarry, and, considering the disadvantages of form which preclude the possibility of much architectural effect, it may be looked upon as an ornamental building. New St. Chad’s Church The church is formed by the intersection of two circles, with a tower and portico attached; the smaller of the circles forming the grand staircase, and the larger one the body, chancel, and side staircases leading to the gallery. On each side of the tower is a square wing 24

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ST. MARY’S CHURCH

ST. MARY’S CHURCH

stands on a commanding situation, nearly one hundred feet above the level of the river, on the north-eastern side of the town, and is one of the most interesting ecclesiastical edifices in the county, displaying in its construction almost every variety of ancient architecture, and affording to the antiquary and man of taste a rich and unique field for observation. St. Mary’s Church, N.W. It is a cruciform building, consisting of a nave, side aisles, transepts, spacious chancel, two chantry chape

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SAINT ALKMUND’S CHURCH

SAINT ALKMUND’S CHURCH

is situate at a short distance from St. Mary’s, and its cemetery adjoins that of St. Julian’s. The fine old cruciform church of this parish was inconsiderately destroyed in 1794, under a mistaken apprehension of its stability. The present building, with the exception of the tower and spire, which fortunately escaped the fate of the old church, was opened for divine service Nov. 8, 1795, at a cost of rather more than £3000. The new structure is of Grinshill stone, and in the style called modern

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SAINT JULIAN’S CHURCH.

SAINT JULIAN’S CHURCH.

St. Julian’s and St. Alkmond’s Churches The church, dedicated to St. Juliana, occupies an elevated situation at the top of Wyle Cop, and was erected 1749–50, from a design by Mr. T. F. Prichard, of this town, on the site of an Anglo-Norman structure, which had become ruinous. It is a plain oblong building of brick, and stone dressings, 83 feet by 48, with a small recess for the chancel. At the west end is the tower of the old church; the basement is of red stone, and of a date far anterior to th

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THE PARISH OF ST. MICHAEL WITHIN THE CASTLE.

THE PARISH OF ST. MICHAEL WITHIN THE CASTLE.

It has been already stated (page 24 ) that the royal free chapel of St. Juliana became at an early period appurtenant to the church of St. Michael, the situation of which it has been shown was within the castle. It is uncertain whether a church existed here anterior to the Norman conquest; however, in the survey called Domesday-book, compiled in 1085, the churches of Shrewsbury are mentioned in the following order, and their possessions enumerated: viz. St. Mary, St. Michael, St. Chad, St. Alkmu

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THE ABBEY CHURCH.

THE ABBEY CHURCH.

The Abbey Church The Abbey Church is situated in the suburb to which it has given the name of Abbey Foregate. It is built of a deep red stone. A noble simplicity combined with a massive solidity characterizes the whole structure, to which time has given a most venerable appearance; and, though marks of mutilation are too evident throughout, it displays many curious features of ancient Norman architecture combined with the earlier pointed style. It originally formed part of the richly endowed m

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SAINT GILES’S CHURCH.

SAINT GILES’S CHURCH.

St. Giles’s Church, N.W. Sacred edifices, under the invocation of this Saint, were generally founded “without the city;” that in this town occupies a situation at the eastern extremity of the suburb of Abbey-foregate. The structure is unquestionably as old as the early part of the twelfth century; and while presenting an interesting picture of the work of former times, has a tendency to lead the mind, under fit impressions, to the hope of a less perishable, “greater, and more perfect tabernacle.

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SAINT MICHAEL’S CHURCH

SAINT MICHAEL’S CHURCH

St. Michael’s Church, Castle-foregate Stands on a pleasant site in the populous suburb of Castle Foregate. The western side commands an interesting view of the town. The venerable Castle with its towers and hoary walls, the Royal Free Grammar School, and the lofty spires of St. Mary’s and St. Alkmund’s churches, combine to form a most pleasing group; whilst the fine church of Saint Chad, backed by distant mountains, stands prominent in the front. On the northern side of the building is a pict

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SAINT GEORGES CHURCH.

SAINT GEORGES CHURCH.

St. George’s Church, Frankwell Saint George’s Church is situated at the upper end of the suburb of Frankwell, and is dedicated to the tutelar saint of England, from its proximity to the site of an ancient religious foundation called in old writings “The free chapel of St. George.” The present church was consecrated January 30th, 1832, and is cruciform in plan, having a small tower rising at the west end; it is built with fine Grinshill stone, from a design by Mr. Haycock. The architecture adopt

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TRINITY CHURCH.

TRINITY CHURCH.

Trinity Church, Coleham The necessity of additional church accommodation for a population of 2200 persons who inhabit the Suburb of Coleham having been generally acknowledged, inasmuch as most of them were destitute of sittings in the parish church, where many of the pews are freehold, and others let at such rents as are beyond the means not only of the labouring poor (who form the greater part of the township) but of the class immediately above them, a meeting of the parishioners and others int

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THE INDEPENDENTS.

THE INDEPENDENTS.

The place occupied by this denomination had its origin in consequence of the schism in the High-street congregation, and is situated in a retired area on Swan-hill. It is a substantial square edifice, with a neatly finished interior. On a stone tablet in the front is the following inscription: “This building was erected in the year 1767, for the Public Worship of God, and in defence of the Rights of Majorities in Protestant Dissenting Congregations to choose their own Ministers.” On the north-

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BAPTISTS.

BAPTISTS.

A society of this persuasion is stated to have existed in this town in the time of the Commonwealth. The meeting house, in Claremont-street, was opened in 1780, and enlarged in 1810. It contains a monument in memory of Mr. Palmer, who was pastor of the congregation 27 years, and died in 1823....

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THE SECOND BAPTISTS

THE SECOND BAPTISTS

Seceded from the above society in 1827, and built a place for worship in Castle Foregate, which was opened April 9, 1830. They retain, however, the doctrines of Particular or Calvinistic Baptists, as professed by the former society....

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THE WESLEYAN METHODISTS

THE WESLEYAN METHODISTS

Assemble on St. John’s hill, in a building erected in 1804, and which was enlarged and decorated in 1825. Galleries surround the interior, in which is a small organ. The pulpit stands in the middle aisle. A small building erected at Spring Gardens, Castle Foregate (by the proprietor of the land) was opened Feb. 26, 1826, in connexion with this society. The service is free, and the place is used at certain hours on the Sunday as a school....

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THE METHODIST NEW CONNEXION

THE METHODIST NEW CONNEXION

appear to claim a mutual relationship to the founder of Methodism with the Wesleyans, and retain the doctrines, ordinances, and general discipline common to that body, from which they differ only in the form of church government and professed dissent from the Church of England. This society formed a congregation here in 1833, and in Jan. 1834, an edifice for their service was commenced near the Old Tower, Murivance, which was opened June 13 in the same year. The exterior is handsome, having two

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THE WELSH CALVINISTIC METHODISTS

THE WELSH CALVINISTIC METHODISTS

meet in a neat structure in Hill’s Lane, erected by a subscription on a portion of the site of a former edifice, and was opened for worship Dec. 25, 1826. The service is in the Ancient British language....

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THE PRIMITIVE METHODISTS

THE PRIMITIVE METHODISTS

introduced themselves into this town in 1822, by preaching in the streets and suburbs. The place originally built in Castle-court, Castle-street, for the Sandemanian Baptists (a society in this town nearly extinct), was purchased for them, and they commenced service there June 4th, 1826....

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THE QUAKERS

THE QUAKERS

have a convenient meeting-house, fitted up with much simplicity, and neatness, on St. John’s Hill, to which a small burial ground is attached....

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THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHAPEL

THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHAPEL

Is situated near the southern portion of the town walls. The exterior exhibits a stuccoed pedimented front, surmounted by a plain cross. The interior was enlarged in 1826, and is elegant in decoration, and calculated to contain nearly 250 persons....

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ROYAL FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL.

ROYAL FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL.

Royal Free Grammar School “Learning is an addition beyond Nobility of birth: honour of blood, Without the ornament of knowledge, is But a glorious ignorance.” Shirley . This noble public institution for the education of youth was founded by King Edward the Sixth , in 1561, on the supplication of Hugh Edwards and Richard Whitaker, and endowed with the greater portion of the revenues of the two dissolved colleges of Saint Mary and Saint Chad.— Queen Elizabeth greatly augmented her brother’s donati

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THE SCHOOLS

THE SCHOOLS

are situate near the Castle, and display a handsome spacious structure of free-stone, built in the incongruous but fashionable style of architecture which prevailed in the 16th and 17th century; wherein the Grecian and pointed arches are fantastically mixed together. The building occupies two sides of a quadrangle, with a square pinnacled tower at the angle, partly rebuilt in 1831. The original school-room was of timber, to which the tower, chapel, and library were added in 1595. In the year 1

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LOCAL GOVERNMENT, CHARTERS, &c.

LOCAL GOVERNMENT, CHARTERS, &c.

Town Arms Shrewsbury has received a succession of thirty-two royal charters from the time of King William the First to the first year of the reign of James the Second. The earliest charter preserved in the corporation archives is dated Nov. 11, 1189, being the first year of King Richard the First, which recites that a previous corporation had existed. The last governing charter of the town was granted the 16th of June, 1639, by Charles the First. The component parts of the corporation were a ma

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SESSIONS.

SESSIONS.

A petty sessions is held every Tuesday, and the mayor or some of the magistrates sit most days for the determination of minor offences. A general court of Quarter Sessions and gaol delivery for the town and liberties is held by the recorder, John Bather, Esq. on the Wednesday after the county sessions....

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COURT OF RECORD.

COURT OF RECORD.

This town possesses the privilege of a court of record, where actions for debt (to any amount) and ejectment within the liberties, can be brought. Judgment in a suit may be obtained in about six weeks, if the defendant pleads the general issue....

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COURT OF REQUESTS.

COURT OF REQUESTS.

Small debts exceeding two shillings and under forty shillings, are taken cognizance of by a Court of Requests, established in 1783. The court meets every other Wednesday in the Town Hall, the commissioners of which must be resident within the town, and possessed of freehold property of thirty pounds per annum value, or a clear personal estate of £600 value....

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MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT.

MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT.

This town is a borough by prescription, and has sent two members to parliament from the earliest assembling of that body. Previous to the general reform act the right of election was in the burgesses inhabiting within the ancient borough, paying scot and lot, and not receiving alms or charity. The elective franchise is now extended to £10 householders resident within the boundaries settled by act of parliament, July 15, 1832....

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TRADING COMPANIES.

TRADING COMPANIES.

From a remote period several incorporated trading companies existed here, [107] who exacted fines from what were termed “foreigners;” that is, individuals who had not served an apprenticeship to a freeman, or who were not the eldest sons of freemen, if they commenced business in the “craft or calling” of any of these guilds; the chief of which were the Drapers and Mercers: the former possessed a considerable property, and were incorporated by Edward the Fourth, as were the latter in 1480 by the

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SHREWSBURY SHOW.

SHREWSBURY SHOW.

This annual pageant is perhaps, with the exception of Coventry, the only one of the kind in the kingdom. It originated in the celebration of the splendid festival of Corpus Christi in the church of Rome, which was observed with much pomp and solemnity by the masters and wardens of the different trading companies, the members of the corporation, the parochial clergy, and the religious fraternities of the town. The procession, so far back as the 27th of Henry VI. appears to have been “tyme owt of

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THE COUNTY HALL.

THE COUNTY HALL.

The County Hall Architectural excellence has been said to consist in the judicious and skilful adaptation of an edifice to its specific destination, and in the appropriate and tasteful display of its interior and exterior ornaments, and that public buildings should be distinguished by decisive and apposite characteristic features of their purpose. How far this has been exemplified in the Salop County Hall, the foregoing illustrative vignette will in a great measure decide. The design is by Sir

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THE GUILD HALL AND EXCHEQUER

THE GUILD HALL AND EXCHEQUER

of the town is incorporated with the county hall, by an arrangement with the county previous to the erection of the late edifice. The following portraits, presented to the late corporation, will decorate the walls of the new building:—King Charles I. Charles II. William III. George I. George II. George III. Queen Charlotte, Admiral Benbow (a native of Shrewsbury), the Right Hon. Lord Hill (by Sir William Beechy), and Admiral Owen (by R. Evans, Esq. a townsman). The two latter portraits po

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THE MARKET HOUSE

THE MARKET HOUSE

is a spacious building, unequalled in point of ornamental decoration by any similar structure in the kingdom. It not only gives a most prominent feature to the area in front of the county hall, but is a general and interesting object of attraction to strangers. Market House The principal front is to the west, over the portal of which are the arms of Queen Elizabeth in high relief, and the date 1596. On each side of this portal is an open arcade, consisting of three round arches, which form the

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THE BRIDGES.

THE BRIDGES.

Two handsome stone bridges cross the river Severn nearly in a parallel direction. These were preceded by very ancient structures, defended by embattled towers, and were excellent specimens of the fortified bridges necessary in former times for the protection of the town. Being extremely narrow and dilapidated, they were taken down in the last century; a brief notice, therefore, of their ancient state will be sufficient....

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THE OLD WELSH BRIDGE

THE OLD WELSH BRIDGE

was considered as the chief architectural ornament of the town, consisting of seven arches, and situated a few yards higher up the stream than the present structure. Its gates and towers at each end were of the finest kind of castellated building, being richly decorated with shields and sculpture; and their demolition is much to be regretted. Above one of the gates stood the armed statue of a knight, which was removed in 1791, and placed in a niche on the front of the Market House. This effigy

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THE OLD EAST OR STONE BRIDGE

THE OLD EAST OR STONE BRIDGE

consisted rather of two bridges (being divided by an island of 118 feet broad), extending 864 feet in length, and comprising seventeen arches. The thoroughfare over it in the widest part was only twelve feet, being impeded by a range of thirty-three houses disposed on each side, after the manner of London Bridge in former times. The further bridge from the town had eleven arches, and was properly denominated: “ the Abbey Bridge ” for it extended to the precinct of the monastery, and passed over

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THE ENGLISH BRIDGE,

THE ENGLISH BRIDGE,

which is a most substantial structure, 410 ft. in length, and composed of seven arches, crowned by a bold balustrade; the primary object in its construction was to contrive as much space as possible for the water during floods, to accomplish which, the central arch (60 feet in diameter) was raised double the height of the end arches, an elevation perhaps not accordant with or agreeable to later opinions of ease and convenience. With the exception of this defect, its elegance and beauty of archi

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ON THE SOUTH SIDE.

ON THE SOUTH SIDE.

Civi • svo • Rolando Domino • Baroni • Hill • ab • Almarez • et • Hawkstone Popvlares • eivs • ex • agro • atqve • municipio • Salopiensi Colvmnam • hancce • cvm • statva • P • C. A • S • MDCCCXVI . Is • in • re • militari • qvemadmodvm • se • gesserit Testes • sint • Lvsitania • Hispania • Galliae Narbonensis • ac • Belgica Artvrivs • Dvx • a • Wellington Sociorvm • et • qvidem • hostivm • exercitvs....

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ON THE NORTH SIDE.

ON THE NORTH SIDE.

To Lieutenant General Rowland Lord Hill, Baron Hill of Almarez and Hawkstone, G. C. B. Not more distinguished for his skill and courage in the field, During the arduous campaigns in Spain and Portugal, The South of France, and the memorable Plains of Waterloo, Than for his benevolent and paternal care, In providing for the comforts and supplying the necessities Of his victorious countrymen, And for that humanity and generosity Which their vanquished foes experienced and acknowledged: The inhabit

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ON THE EAST SIDE.

ON THE EAST SIDE.

Roleia Arroyo del Molinos Hillette Vimiera Almarez Orthes Corunna Vittoria Aire Douro Pyrenees Tarbes Talavera Nive Toulouse Busaco Nivelle Waterloo. This splendid memorial is constructed of fine Grinshill stone; the total expence, including the cottage and other incidentals, amounted to £5973. 13s. 2d. which was raised by a subscription throughout the county. Within the shaft is a staircase of 172 steps, forming a well in the centre, each step having an iron baluster with a gilt letter inserted

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THE TOWN AND COUNTY GAOL

THE TOWN AND COUNTY GAOL

Is situated on a dry, beautiful, and salubrious eminence, a short distance from the Castle. The front of the prison displays rather a bold appearance, having two rusticated stone lodges and a gateway in the centre; over the latter is a bust of the philanthropic Howard , by Bacon. The interior possesses every necessary convenience appropriate to its purpose that sagacity and humanity can devise. It is spacious, airy, and well supplied with water, by means of a pump worked by the prisoners. The g

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THE BUTTER AND POULTRY MARKET,

THE BUTTER AND POULTRY MARKET,

on Pride-hill, was erected in 1819 by voluntary contributions amounting to £2000. It is a building unworthy our town and the ample produce brought to its weekly markets. In 1830 it was adjudged to be taken down as being unsuitable and incommodious. A meeting was held to arrange for a new building upon an improved plan, the money to be raised by shares of £25 each, but circumstances prevented this desirable undertaking, which is much to be regretted, as complaints have long been made of the ob

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THE CIRCUS BUTTER & CHEESE MARKET,

THE CIRCUS BUTTER & CHEESE MARKET,

from its situation near the Welsh Bridge, possesses superior advantages for the conveyance of goods and general trade. It was opened about the year 1822 by Mr. H. Newton....

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THE NEW BUTTER AND CHEESE MARKET

THE NEW BUTTER AND CHEESE MARKET

Is an elegant and commodious edifice situated in Howard-street, Castle-foregate, and possesses every requisite convenience for the disposal of butter, cheese, and other agricultural produce, and merchandize. Howard-street Butter and Cheese Market The exterior consists of a centre and two wings, the centre forming the portico and principal entrance, which is decorated with two Grecian columns and entablature. The whole of the front is cemented, and possesses an unity of parts and a boldness of p

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THE SALOP INFIRMARY.

THE SALOP INFIRMARY.

Among the various channels through which the stream of christian benevolence pursues its fertilizing course to the ocean of charity, those Institutions which have for their express design the cultivation of the mind and the alleviation of misfortunes which the casualties of life and the infirmities of human nature render mankind alike heir to, afford undoubtedly the safest application of real beneficence, being, in a measure, free from that imposition with which an indiscriminate charity has unf

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EYE AND EAR DISPENSARY.

EYE AND EAR DISPENSARY.

It would be superfluous to offer any observations on the importance of the two senses of Vision and Hearing, or on the prevalence of the various disorders to which the organs of those senses are liable; and whilst a general resource has been provided for the poor in the noble institution just noticed, for such diseases and accidents as they might be afflicted with, it has been thought expedient to form separate institutions for the relief of such disorders or defects in the human frame as are fo

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ST. GILES’S HOSPITAL,

ST. GILES’S HOSPITAL,

it is considered, was originally established for the reception of persons afflicted with leprosy—a disease much more common among the ancients and in warmer climates than in Europe, into which it is said to have been introduced by the Crusaders in the time of Henry the First. King Henry the Second, if not the founder of this hospital, granted to it 30s. yearly (equal to £80 of modern currency) of the rent which he received from the sheriff of Shropshire for the county, towards the support of th

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ST JOHN’S HOSPITAL,

ST JOHN’S HOSPITAL,

although an asylum “for honest poverty and old age,” did not escape the rapacity which characterised the dissolution of religious houses. It stood in the suburb of Frankwell, near a place since called The Stew. Speed notices its site in his map (1610); but not a fragment of the building now remains....

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THE DRAPERS’ ALMSHOUSES.

THE DRAPERS’ ALMSHOUSES.

Drapers’ Almshouses The generally received opinion has been that these almshouses were founded, in 1461, by Degory Watur, Draper, from the circumstance that he lived himself in the centre house, or “almshouse hall,” among the poor people, and whose practice (as a Manuscript Chronicle records) was to attend them “dailye to our Lady’s Chirch, and to kneel with them in a long pew in the quire made for them and himself.” The ancient records, however, of the Drapers’ Company show that a building and

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ST. CHAD’S ALMSHOUSES

ST. CHAD’S ALMSHOUSES

adjoin the cemetery of Old St. Chad’s, and were erected in 1409 by Bennett Tipton, a public brewer, who lived in the College, and died in 1424. The allowance to the eleven poor occupants, “decayed old men and women,” arises chiefly from a benefaction of £180 by David Ireland, alderman of the town, and Catharine his wife; which is now commuted to a rent charge of £8 on the Lythwood estate, the proprietor of which nominates the alms-folk. Previous to the Reformation the poor people received one

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HOUSE OF INDUSTRY.

HOUSE OF INDUSTRY.

This spacious and well-built structure stands on an eminence rising from the Severn, which forms a beautiful object beneath. The site is highly salubrious, and the prospect delightfully variegated by many natural beauties. The majestic Wrekin, with an extensive tract of country, is seen to the right; while the front presents a very general view of the town, skirted by genteel residences partly obscured by the foliage of The Quarry trees, which, with the towers of the Castle, the lofty steeples

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HUMANE SOCIETY.

HUMANE SOCIETY.

A Humane Society existed in this town in the year 1786, but, having sunk from notice, was resuscitated in 1824, for the purpose of preventing those fatal accidents which have been of frequent occurrence during the bathing season, and often in the winter time, when the river in a frozen state affords the amusement of skaiting. The purpose of the society is to render prompt assistance in the use of the most approved means for restoring suspended animation, from whatever cause arising, and the rew

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THE PRISON CHARITIES

THE PRISON CHARITIES

were commenced about the year 1800, for the distribution of rewards to promote the reformation and encourage the industry of criminals confined within the prison walls; to relieve the wants of unfortunate debtors; and to provide all those who are dismissed from prison with a small sum for immediate maintenance, so as to prevent the great temptation of committing crime for that purpose. The annual subscription is limited to one guinea; and the institution has met with a laudable support, principa

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THE PAROCHIAL CHARITIES

THE PAROCHIAL CHARITIES

of this town have at different times been largely endowed by the legacies of individuals who, in bidding the world adieu, were piously moved to leave portions of their substance to be expended in “bread to the poor,” clothing and apprenticing poor children, annual gifts of money and garments to decayed housekeepers, and the general improvement of all, by directing commemorative sermons to be preached on particular anniversaries. In St. Chad’s parish two hundred threepenny loaves are, on the ave

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THE TOWN CHARITIES

THE TOWN CHARITIES

were bequeathed for purposes in many respects similar to the foregoing, and were under the management of the old Corporation; but by the provisions of the Municipal Act the distribution of them is vested in trustees appointed by the Lord Chancellor. Several other charitable societies exist in the town, whose object is to afford gifts of money, clothing, medical assistance, and religious instruction, to the necessitous sick poor; as well as for the distribution of the scriptures and the public fo

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BOWDLER’s, OR THE BLUE SCHOOL,

BOWDLER’s, OR THE BLUE SCHOOL,

Is situated in Beeches Lane, and is an oblong brick building, having in the centre a glazed cupola, surmounted by a flying dragon. It was founded in 1724, according to the will of Mr. Thomas Bowdler, alderman and draper, for the instruction, clothing, and apprenticing poor children of the parish of St. Julian. Eighteen boys and 12 girls receive their education here, and attend service at St. Julian’s church on Sundays, to which church Mr. Bowdler was a great benefactor.—The number of scholars,

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MILLINGTON’s SCHOOL & HOSPITAL.

MILLINGTON’s SCHOOL & HOSPITAL.

This excellent institution and monument of private munificence stands on an eminence in the suburb of Frankwell, which commands an extensive prospect of the town, its churches, public buildings, and more distant views. The building consists of a handsome pedimented front, with a stone portico, and two wings attached to the centre by a row of houses; the summit is crowned by a bell turret. The chapel occupies the centre of the building, and contains a portrait of the founder. Adjoining are resid

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ALLATT’S SCHOOL

ALLATT’S SCHOOL

Is situated in Murivance, near St. Chad’s church, and was erected and endowed pursuant to the will of John Allatt , Gent. The building is an elegant free-stone structure, designed by Mr. Haycock in 1800, and cost £2000. It consists of two excellent houses for the master and mistress, which are connected with the schools by an arcade. Thirty boys and thirty girls are educated and clothed, and at a proper age placed out as apprentices or servants.—Twenty-eight coats and 140 stuff gowns are annua

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PUBLIC SUBSCRIPTION SCHOOL.

PUBLIC SUBSCRIPTION SCHOOL.

This school was begun by a subscription as early as the year 1708, for the instruction and clothing of poor children, and is conducted on the National system, in spacious school rooms near the east end of the English bridge. A sermon is preached annually in aid of its funds at two of the churches in the town. Nearly three hundred children receive daily education here, and on Sundays they attend the worship of the established church....

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THE LANCASTERIAN SCHOOLS

THE LANCASTERIAN SCHOOLS

were erected in 1812, opposite the County Gaol, for the plan of education suggested by the late Mr. Joseph Lancaster. They are supported by subscriptions and donations, with a small weekly contribution from the scholars....

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ST. MARY’S AND ST. MICHAEL’S SCHOOLS

ST. MARY’S AND ST. MICHAEL’S SCHOOLS

are situated in the suburb of Castle Foregate, and were erected in 1832, in the old English style of architecture, from a design by Mr. John Carline. Two hundred and fifty boys and girls receive their daily instruction, and are taken to St. Michael’s church twice on Sundays. The school is supported by private benefactions; and the National system of education is adopted....

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ST. CHAD’S LADIES’ SCHOOL

ST. CHAD’S LADIES’ SCHOOL

is held in the remains of Old St. Chad’s church, and the mode of tuition practised is that of the Madras system, which has been in operation in this school since 1820. The number of girls educated is 154, under the care of visitors, whose aim, as expressed in the report of the school, is “to be instrumental in bringing up poor children in the fear of God, and in instilling into them such religious principles as may lead them to do their duty, for conscience sake, in that state of life to which i

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INFANT SCHOOLS

INFANT SCHOOLS

produce a wide field for useful exertion, by forming the disposition and giving an early moral bias to the mind;—if, indeed, they do no more than take young children from the debasing influence under which their characters must otherwise be formed, and present an example of a better kind, they are calculated to effect a good purpose. Schools having this object in view are established in the suburbs of Frankwell , Castle Foregate , and Coleham , and are supported by subscriptions under the direct

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SUNDAY SCHOOLS.

SUNDAY SCHOOLS.

There are several Sunday Schools connected with the established church and the different congregations of dissenters, some of which have existed nearly from the earliest formation of such institutions. “ GO ROUND ABOUT HER, AND TELL THE TOWERS THEREOF. MARK WELL HER BULWARKS, SET UP HER HOUSES, THAT YE MAY TELL THEM THAT COME AFTER .” HAVING noticed the principal Public Structures and Charitable Institutions of Shrewsbury, we turn next to those objects and ancient remains which do not admit of

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MARKET SQUARE,

MARKET SQUARE,

from the vegetable market being held there, and from whence may be seen several good specimens of the half-timbered houses of our forefathers, terminating with lofty gables. Proceeding up High Street , anciently called “Bakers’ Row,” from the number of that occupation which located there: on the left of the turning towards Grope Lane is an old timbered house, now a grocer’s shop, but formerly used as...

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THE MERCERS’ HALL.

THE MERCERS’ HALL.

Several of the Incorporated Companies originally possessed Halls for holding their meetings and the celebration of their feasts: the former have of late years been held at the Town Hall, and the latter at some of the inns. About the middle of the street, on the right, is the Unitarian Meeting House (p. 95 ), where the poet Coleridge preached in 1798; [149] and a few yards further is the “Sextry” passage, or (as it is called in our provincialism) a “shut.” This originally communicated with St. C

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SHEARMEN’S HALL;

SHEARMEN’S HALL;

since which it has been used as a theatre, a methodist chapel, an assembly room, and a temporary assize court; and although now modernised as a tea warehouse, the present remains convey much of the character of the “city halls” of other days, associated with the good cheer, inspirating feasts, and the social merriment of com-brethren in the olden time. Shearmen’s Hall The period of its erection is not known; but before the front was altered it presented (according to a drawing in the possession

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THE TOWN WALLS,

THE TOWN WALLS,

erected in the time of Henry the Third, to fortify the place against the inroads of the Welsh, and towards the completion of which the burgesses were materially assisted by the royal bounty. These walls, although now deprived of their battlements, form an excellent footpath, and afford a delightful view of the river and adjacent country. At the extremity of the Walls is the Crescent ; and a little beyond stands the only remaining Tower of nearly twenty which formerly strengthened the ancient r

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THE AUSTIN FRIARS,

THE AUSTIN FRIARS,

of which little appears excepting the outer portion of a red stone building, now used as a tan-house. The Friars Eremites of St. Augustine are supposed to have located in this town about the middle of the thirteenth century, and erected their house on a site which had been used during the reign of John as a place of sepulture, interment in consecrated ground having for a period been forbidden by that king. The following beautiful initial letter, affixed to a charter from Edward the Third, in 13

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THE WELSH BRIDGE

THE WELSH BRIDGE

next attracts attention. It is a bold and substantial structure, completed in 1795, from a design by Messrs. Tilley and Carline, of this town, at a cost of £8000. It consists of five semi-circular arches, surmounted with a balustrade, and is 266 feet in length and 30 in breadth. It has been truly remarked, that while in cities of greater commercial importance no public works of great extent have been carried on without the exaction of tolls and contributions, the inhabitants of this town and c

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ROWLEY’S MANSION,

ROWLEY’S MANSION,

said to be the first brick structure erected in Shrewsbury. It appears to have been built in 1618 by William Rowley, draper, and the first of his family who settled in this town, of which he was admitted a burgess in 1594, and made an alderman in 1633, under the charter of Charles the First. His grand-daughter and co-heiress married John Hill, Esq. who lived in great hospitality in this mansion, from whom the street received the appellation of Hill’s Lane , instead of Knuckin-street. He died

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THE BELL STONE,

THE BELL STONE,

from a large stone which formerly stood outside the wall that surrounded the portion of the court not occupied by the buildings. The stone is now removed to the area in front of the house, which before the recent alteration was a good specimen of the smaller mansion of the reign of Queen Elizabeth. It was erected by Edward Owen, Esq. a bailiff of the town in 1582. Leaving the new Theatre on the right, we enter the street called Shoplatch , a name supposed to be derived from Shutt Place , the r

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IRELAND’S MANSION,

IRELAND’S MANSION,

once the town residence of the ancient family of Ireland, long seated at Albrighton. It is a spacious half-timbered building, four stories high, finished with gables, on the beams of which are the following armorial bearings—Gules, three fleurs de lis, three, two, and one, Argent. The front consists of four ranges of bay windows, the original entrance having been in the centre under a Tudor arch. It is now divided into three excellent dwellings. Passing up Pride Hill , formerly called Corviso

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THE HIGH CROSS,

THE HIGH CROSS,

which was no doubt similar in design to the elegant structures at Chichester and other places. It appears to have escaped the iconoclastic zeal of the puritans; for we learn that the old stone cross was not taken down until the year 1705. All general proclamations, as in former times, are still made upon this spot, whilst the reminiscences connected with it afford a melancholy picture of feudal severity. Here David, the last of the British Princes, underwent his cruel sentence, for defending

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ST. NICHOLAS’S CHAPEL,

ST. NICHOLAS’S CHAPEL,

the only one existing of eight similar structures. Its present appearance proves it to be of Norman foundation, and built probably by Earl Roger de Montgomery for the accommodation of such of his retainers as resided in the outer court of the castle within which it once stood. It was subsequently appropriated for the accommodation of the President and Council of the Marches of Wales. The west end displays a pointed window divided by a mullion, and in the interior is a massive semi-circular ar

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THE COUNCIL HOUSE,

THE COUNCIL HOUSE,

or Lord’s Place , originally occupied as the residence of the Court of the Marches of Wales; the Lords President and Council of which, in assembling, “With temper’d awe to guide An old and haughty nation proud in arms,” were frequently received here “righte royallie” by the corporation and trading companies; the latter, no doubt, considering that the great number of persons which this Court attracted to the town in its judicial capacity, independent of the attendant pomp and feasting, was

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THE DRAPERS’ HALL,

THE DRAPERS’ HALL,

Drapers’ Hall, Interior View a half-timbered building, erected probably about the time of Elizabeth. The interior is sufficiently described by the accompanying engraving, presented by the liberality of the Drapers’ Company. The apartment is 28 feet by 20, but was originally of larger dimensions. It is wainscotted with fine old oak, and the floor was once rich in emblazoned tiles. At the north end is the upper place, or “dais,” where the members “feasted full and high;” and on the opposite si

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JONES’S MANSION,

JONES’S MANSION,

in which the Duke of York resided when he accompanied his royal father to this town in 1642. It was also the abode of “Prince Rupert, when he joined his uncle after the brilliant action of Worcester.” This house was built by Thos. Jones, Esq. whose burial is noticed in the account of the adjoining church of St. Alkmond. Leaving that sacred edifice to the left, and turning a few yards to the right, we arrive at the Double Butcher Row , a street chiefly occupied by butcher’s shambles, and where

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ANCIENT TIMBER HOUSE,

ANCIENT TIMBER HOUSE,

considered to be one of the oldest and largest of this kind of buildings of which our town displays so many specimens. The projecting stories are sustained by elegant brackets, and the angle uprights enriched with small pointed arches, carved with trefoil and other decorations. Along the front basement is a cloister of wooden arches obtusely pointed.—This building, 60 feet in length, is now divided into smaller habitations. History is silent as to the time, or by whom this edifice was erected,

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THE JUDGES’ HOUSE,

THE JUDGES’ HOUSE,

purchased by the County of Salop in 1821, under an act for providing suitable accommodation for the reception of his Majesty’s judges of assize. At the south-west end of the opposite thoroughfare across the church-yard is the remains of a red stone wall which formed part of...

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THE COLLEGE OF ST. CHAD,

THE COLLEGE OF ST. CHAD,

originally a large ancient building inclosing a quadrangular court, separated from the street by a lofty wall and gateway, In 1549 Edward the Sixth granted the college to Hugh Edwards, Esq. the individual who (in 1551) exerted himself in obtaining the foundation of our grammar school. It continued in his family until 1752, when Lord and Lady Malpas disposed of the buildings, which were soon afterwards converted into three excellent houses, but so effectually modernized with brick as to display

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VAUGHAN’S PLACE,

VAUGHAN’S PLACE,

which, before its alteration and brick casing in 1795, was considered a most curious specimen of the unembattled town mansion, erected (it is conjectured) about the middle of the fourteenth century by Sir Hamo Vaughan, whose daughter Eleanor married Reginald de Mutton. By this alliance the house came into the possession of the Myttons of Halston, several of whom represented this town in parliament; but little of its original state now appears. The hall is approached from a passage near the Cor

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SHROPSHIRE AND NORTH WALES NATURAL HISTORY AND ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY.

SHROPSHIRE AND NORTH WALES NATURAL HISTORY AND ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY.

At a meeting held at Shrewsbury on the 26th of June, 1835, it was resolved to establish a Natural History Society for the county of Salop and North Wales, and to found a central museum and scientific library. In order to secure the perpetuity of the institution, and to guard against the possible dispersion of the museum at any future period, the property of the society is vested in the lords lieutenant of the county of Salop, and of the several counties of North Wales, as trustees, for the perma

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THE SUBSCRIPTION LIBRARY

THE SUBSCRIPTION LIBRARY

Is on St. John’s Hill, and contains an excellent collection of books in the various departments of literature and science. Its affairs are confided to a committee. Proprietary members pay two guineas admission, and an annual subscription of one guinea and a half; and strangers, on the introduction of a subscriber, have the privilege of consulting any of the books during library hours....

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THE NEW CHORAL SOCIETY

THE NEW CHORAL SOCIETY

Has for its design the cultivation of the delightful science of sacred music, and was revived in 1834. It is under the management of a secretary and committee, and is supported by a respectable number of honorary members....

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THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY

THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY

was engrafted (in the year 1834) on a florists’ society planted in this town in 1823. Its object is to promote the culture of the auricula, polyanthus, pink, ranunculus, carnation, picotee, dahlia, gooseberry, &amp;c....

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MECHANICS’ INSTITUTION.

MECHANICS’ INSTITUTION.

This institution commenced in 1825, and in the year 1833 a building was erected for their meetings in Howard-street, Castle-foregate. The expences of the establishment are defrayed by subscriptions and donations....

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NEWSPAPERS.

NEWSPAPERS.

Two weekly newspapers are published here: viz. Wednesday , The Salopian Journal , by Mr. John Eddowes, Corn-market. Friday , The Shrewsbury Chronicle , by Mr. John Watton, St. John’s-hill. “Scenes must be beautiful which daily view’d Please daily, and whose novelty survives Long knowledge and the scrutiny of years. Praise justly due to those I now describe.”...

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SHREWSBURY QUARRY.

SHREWSBURY QUARRY.

On the south-western side of the town is one of the most celebrated promenades in the kingdom, called The Quarry. It is formed in a tract of verdant meadow ground of twenty-three acres, gradually sloping to the river Severn, along the banks of which are planted a graceful avenue of lime trees, extending 540 yards in length, whose lofty arching branches entwine themselves so as to resemble the long aisle of some religious fane. Three other walks, planted in a similar manner, serve as approaches f

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KINGSLAND,

KINGSLAND,

or, as written in an early Norman grant, Chingsland . This is an extensive piece of land, belonging to the ancient burgesses of Shrewsbury, thirty of whom in rotation annually receive four shillings and sixpence from its produce, in lieu of a “turn for their kine.” On this place the festival of Shrewsbury Show (described page 109 ) is held, and it commands a prospect which stretches to a considerable distance over a beautiful and well-cultivated country, diversified with mountains possessing f

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THE GREY OR FRANCISCAN FRIARY.

THE GREY OR FRANCISCAN FRIARY.

The Grey or Franciscan Friary The remnant illustrated by the wood cut comprises probably the refectory, which was partly re-edificed as late as the reign of Henry the Eighth. This religious society, sometimes called Friars Minors, settled in this town early in the thirteenth century. Hawis, wife to Charleton Lord of Powys (born in 1291), and heir of the ancient Princes of Powys Gwenwynwyn, was a great benefactress to this friary, if not its second foundress. From the quantity of bones which hav

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THE DOMINICAN FRIARY,

THE DOMINICAN FRIARY,

which comprehended nearly the whole space now occupied by gardens between the bridge and the water gate. [176] This order of mendicants took their name from their founder, and were sometimes called “Preachers” from their office, and “Black Friars” from their dress. The convent, like those of the Austin and Franciscan friars, was placed on the margin of the river, outside the walls and adjacent to the bridges. From the rich architectural remains, &amp;c. which have occasionally been dug up he

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THE WATER-LANE GATE,

THE WATER-LANE GATE,

The Waterlane Gateway Through which the parliamentary army entered, Feb. 22d, 1644–5, and captured the town. The means by which this was accomplished showed much generalship and secrecy on the part of the Parliamentarians. It appears a detachment of soldiers belonging to that party left Wem, and marched under the shadow of night to the extremity of the Castle-foregate, where the troopers halted at four o’clock in the morning, in order that the foot soldiers might effect an entrance by stratage

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SHREWSBURY PARK,

SHREWSBURY PARK,

for it belonged to our first Norman earl, and in all probability to some of the Saxon monarchs. The situation of the ground, before it was stripped of its timber, possessed every advantage of pasture, water, and diversified surface.—According to the record of Domesday, it was the custom, when the king resided here, for twelve of the better sort of citizens to keep watch over him; and when he went out hunting, those having horses protected him. This practice probably arose in consequence of the

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HOWARD-STREET,

HOWARD-STREET,

having at the top a fine colossal figure of Hercules, which was cast at Rome from the Farnese Hercules, and is no inapt memorial of the labour consequent upon the removal of upwards of 26,000 loads of soil in the formation of the street. Passing to the Dana Walk , “where the huge castle hold its state,” the prospect is bounded to the right by the eminences of Hawkstone, Grinshill, Pimhill, Almond Park, and the plain of “Battlefield.” Westward is Berwick House, embosomed in sylvan beauty, and be

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THE TOWN WALLS

THE TOWN WALLS

extended in a line with the Castle Gates across the isthmus down to the banks of the river, having a corresponding barrier on the other side of the castle. It was erected by Robert de Belesme, third Norman Earl of Shrewsbury, under the idea that his father’s fortifications were not of sufficient strength to withstand a siege from the forces of Henry I. which in 1102 marched against him (page 14 ). An additional rampart called Roushill, enclosing the space between the wall of Earl Robert and the

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THE THEATRE.

THE THEATRE.

The New Theatre When man is contemplated in the character of a being, who can be successfully addressed by an appeal to the passions and the understanding, the Drama, under proper restrictions, may be rendered serviceable. I have heard That guilty creatures, sitting at a play, Have, by the very cunning of the scene, Been struck so to the soul, that presently They have proclaim’d their malefactions. Shakspeare . The old building used for the purpose of dramatic performance in this to

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THE CIRCUS

THE CIRCUS

is a large brick building near the Welsh bridge, in which equestrian performances occasionally take place. It is used on fair days as a butter and cheese market....

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THE HORSE RACES

THE HORSE RACES

are annually held in the third week of September, and continue for three days. They are generally attended by the rank and fashion of the county, and attract a considerable influx of visitors to the town. The king contributes a plate of one hundred guineas....

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THE ASSEMBLY ROOM

THE ASSEMBLY ROOM

was erected in 1777, at the back of the Lion Hotel, and is a commodious and tastefully decorated apartment, where most of the balls are held....

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THE SHREWSBURY HUNT

THE SHREWSBURY HUNT

takes place about the middle of November, and brings to the town a respectable number of the nobility and gentry of the county, who pass a week with a president annually chosen from the members, while a fashionable ball gives additional hilarity to the meeting....

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ANGLING.

ANGLING.

The Severn has long been celebrated for the excellency of its fish—salmon, pike, grayling, trout, perch, and many others. The votaries of the “Gentle Craft,” if not always gratified with excellent sport, or the finny tribe should sometimes not be disposed “to bite,” may find pleasure in the contemplation of the scenery around. It must however be mentioned, and with regret, that the fishing of the river near the town has of late years been almost ruined by the daring excess of poaching with ille

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AQUATIC EXCURSIONS.

AQUATIC EXCURSIONS.

Much pleasant exercise and amusement is afforded on the Severn during the summer months. Several parties possess boats, and an emulation of skill is frequently excited among the more experienced rowers. An annual gala is generally given by the young gentlemen of Shrewsbury School in the month of June. Boats may be hired for the day at a moderate charge, and pic-nic parties take an excursion up the river to the picturesque and woody banks at Shelton, the shady groves near Berwick and the Isle, o

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THE SUBURBS OF SHREWSBURY

THE SUBURBS OF SHREWSBURY

comprise five separate districts, viz. Coton Hill, Castle Foregate, Frankwell, Abbey Foregate, and Coleham, containing a population equal to that within the walls. In noticing these, it is purposed to commence where our walk terminated without the walls, viz. the Castle Gates, from whence the Castle Foregate and Coton Hill diverge. Taking the latter thoroughfare, to the left we enter Chester Street, into which a new line of road is opened, communicating with Mardol, and carried over the ancient

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THE WATER WORKS,

THE WATER WORKS,

which supply every house in the remotest part of the town with water for domestic purposes, being raised from the river by means of a steam engine, capable of throwing up 22,000 gallons in the hour. The Company was established under an act of parliament in 1830. [186] Nearly opposite are...

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THE ROYAL BATHS,

THE ROYAL BATHS,

The Royal Baths, Coton-hill affording conveniences equal to any which are to be found in the first-rate establishments of this kind in the kingdom, while the moderate terms and strict attention to cleanliness and comfort will, no doubt, ensure to them the patronage and support of the public. Hot air, vapour, shower, warm, salt, medicated, and fresh water baths are in constant readiness, and the pleasure bath is of sufficient dimensions to enable persons to learn the art of swimming. The buildin

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BENBOW HOUSE,

BENBOW HOUSE,

where the gallant Admiral Benbow was born in 1650, whose distinguished deeds in arms have rendered him an honour to our town and country. This brave sailor not only stood against the enemy in the memorable action off Carthagena, in August, 1702, until every hold was gone, but had to encounter the unparalleled treachery of those under his command. The operation of amputating his leg, which was shattered by a chain-shot in the late engagement, added to the deep mental anxiety occasioned by the b

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COTON HILL,

COTON HILL,

where stood the suburban mansion of the Myttons of Halston, in which that family resided after vacating their town house of Vaughan’s Place. North-west of the turnpike was...

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ST. CATHARINE’s CHAPEL,

ST. CATHARINE’s CHAPEL,

in a pasture still called the Chapel Yard. [188] Coton appears at a remote period to have been connected with the Suburb of Frankwell by a bank, which caused the river to spread over the meadows called the “Purditches,” forcing its waters from thence under Hencot and Cross Hill in a channel still strongly marked by its rising banks, and discernible at all times, especially during floods, until the stream found its way into the present channel near the Royal Baths. This is particularly evident a

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THE CASTLE FOREGATE,

THE CASTLE FOREGATE,

the point from which we at first diverged. This long street has become a place of much traffic, owing to a communication having been opened, in 1835, with Birmingham, London, Liverpool, &amp;c. by means of The Shrewsbury Canal , to and from which places goods are received into warehouses erected on its banks. This canal was originally formed in 1797, for the purpose of supplying the town and neighbourhood with coal, brought from Hadley, Ketley, &amp;c. in the eastern part of Shropshire

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COAL WHARF,

COAL WHARF,

belonging to the Canal Company, where this indispensible necessary of life may be obtained, of excellent quality, at fifteen shillings per ton. Coal is also procured at the collieries of Welbatch and Uffington, three miles distant from the town....

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THE SUBURB OF FRANKWELL,

THE SUBURB OF FRANKWELL,

anciently written Frankville , lies on the west side of the Welsh bridge, and is a township within the parish of St. Chad. In former times it suffered much from the ravages of the Welsh, being in the line of road to the principality, as it is now the thoroughfare to Holyhead. The inquisitive eye of the antiquary will discover in this suburb many curious specimens of the half-timbered dwellings of our ancestors, one in particular, better known now as the “String of Horses,” appears, from initial

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GLENDOWER’S OAK,

GLENDOWER’S OAK,

famed from the tradition that Owen Glendower, in 1403, ascended its branches to ascertain the event of the Battle of Shrewsbury, a circumstance not unlikely when it is considered that the country was probably more open at that time than at present. This champion of Welsh independence, it has been already shown, assembled his forces at Oswestry, from whence, according to Holinshed, he sent off only his first division, consisting of 4000 men, who behaved with spirit in the day of action. The Wels

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THE ABBEY FOREGATE.

THE ABBEY FOREGATE.

Passing over the English, or east bridge, from which there is a striking prospect of the town and the tower on the Castle Mount, we reach a small tract of ground, comprising a few houses, called...

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MERIVALE,

MERIVALE,

or, Murivale , probably from its connexion with the walls. In reference to this it appears that in the early part of the 13th century, the abbot consented that the two plats of ground between the main road at the east end of the bridge should be left void for the purpose of erecting defences in the time of war; hence Merivale subsequently became matter of frequent contest between the Corporation and the Abbey, as to the right of jurisdiction within it. This was not finally settled until the dis

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THE MONASTIC REMAINS

THE MONASTIC REMAINS

next claim our notice, and although now very inconsiderable, yet, like most other Abbeys, they originally consisted chiefly of two quadrangular courts of different dimensions, the conventual church, as was customary, being towards the north. Situated on the other sides were the refectory, almonry, chapter house, dormitory, locutory or parlour, infirmary, guest hall or hospitium, kitchen, and other domestic offices. The abbot’s house or lodging commonly formed one or more portions of the smalle

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STONE PULPIT,

STONE PULPIT,

Stone Pulpit from which one of the junior monks was accustomed to read to his brethren while seated at their meals. Its situation, one half resting on the ruined wall of the Refectory, indisputably proves this; looking outward of the site of that building it forms a small bay window, while the other portion, once inside the hall, is supported on a moulded bracket, which springs from a corbel originally carved as a head. From hence it projects to the basement of the floor, twelve feet from whic

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THE WHITE HALL,

THE WHITE HALL,

So called from a practice, during the last century, of occasionally colouring its deep red walls. Our native poet (Churchyard) speaks of this stone mansion in his usual quaint manner, as standing “so trim and finely that it graceth all the soil it is in.” In front is a handsome gatehouse; and the pointed gables, central cupola, and ornamental chimnies, strongly characterise it as an interesting specimen of the old English residence peculiar to the reign of Elizabeth, while its sombre appearanc

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THE RACE GROUND,

THE RACE GROUND,

called the “Soldier’s Piece,” from the circumstance of Charles the First having drawn up his army here (page 11 ). Situated within a very few minutes’ walk of the town, it may in most points compete with all the secondary courses in the kingdom. It is one mile and 185 yards in circumference, and in addition to a fine straight run for coming-in of 500 yards, possesses the advantage of a sight of the horses throughout the race, combined with an extensive panoramic view of the adjacent richly dive

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SUTTON SPA,

SUTTON SPA,

situated in a retired dell near the margin of the Reabrook, and the property of the Right Hon. Lord Berwick. The spring issues from a rocky stratum of ash-coloured clay, or argillaceous schistus. The water is colourless, and exhales a faint sulphureous smell, much more perceptible in rainy weather. It has been compared with the Cheltenham water, but in reality bears a stronger affinity to sea water, possessing, however, an advantage over that in containing iron. In those cases, therefore, for

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THE SUBURB OF COLEHAM,

THE SUBURB OF COLEHAM,

situated on the southern banks of the river, where the Meole or Rea brook joins the Severn. This was until the present century the lowest part of the town, and consequently most liable to be inundated by floods; but of late years the street has been raised about nine feet. The township is populous, and consists of two districts, called Longden Coleham and Meole Coleham from their respective thoroughfares to those villages. In the latter direction is Trinity Church, and in the former the extens

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TRADE AND MANUFACTURES.

TRADE AND MANUFACTURES.

Our town for more than three centuries possessed almost exclusively the trade with Wales in a coarse kind of cloth called Welsh webs, which were brought from Merionethshire and Montgomeryshire to a market held here weekly. In reference to this, Camden, in his “Britannia,” published in 1586, writes of Shrewsbury—“It is a fine city, well inhabited, and of good commerce; and by the industry of the citizens and their cloth manufacture and their trade with the Welsh, is very rich, for hither the Wel

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MARKETS.

MARKETS.

The market days are Wednesdays and Saturdays. The former is small, but that on the latter day is well attended and abundantly supplied. In fact, few towns enjoy the advantage of a better or cheaper supply of meat, poultry, butter, vegetables, fruit, &amp;c. But it must be confessed that many places of far less importance than the capital of Shropshire possess more suitable accommodations befitting the ample produce brought from the surrounding districts to its markets. The space allotted

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THE FAIRS.

THE FAIRS.

The fair for the sale of horses, cattle, butter, cheese, &amp;c. is held on the second Wednesday in every month; and that for sheep and pigs on the preceding day. It has long been in contemplation to form a proper “Smithfield” for cattle, &amp;c. which are now disposed of in the streets, much to the annoyance of passengers. The wool fairs are in July and August. This beautiful stream, the queen of rivers,—famed in British story and noticed by classic historians,—the theme of poets and

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THE NAVIGATION OF THE RIVER

THE NAVIGATION OF THE RIVER

is free for barges from thirty to eighty tons burden, during the whole of its course throughout Shropshire, which are towed up the stream by horses belonging to a company; but the navigation is liable to interruption from high and rapid floods in winter, and occasional want of depth of water in summer. Present an agreeable variety of pleasant drives and interesting walks, unfolding from most points some changing feature of landscape scenery, insulated, or grouped in picturesque masses, and inter

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BATTLEFIELD,

BATTLEFIELD,

Three miles N.E. by N. of Shrewsbury. Perhaps few events, so recent and of such importance in the annals of our country, have left so few local traditions to awaken the dream of ancient chivalry as the Battle of Shrewsbury. The site of this momentous conflict for the crown of England is no longer unenclosed, but seems thriving with the culture of centuries of peace. Some armour and military weapons occasionally turned up remind us of the event, or, but for the Church piously founded by King He

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BATTLEFIELD CHURCH,

BATTLEFIELD CHURCH,

According to the foundation of King Henry the Fourth, consisted of five secular canons, and among other endowments possessed the churches of St. Michael within the Castle of Shrewsbury, and also St. Julian’s, in the same town. The clear annual revenues of the college at the dissolution being £54. 1s. 10d. as stated by Tanner. Battlefield Church The fabric, dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene, stands in the centre of a pasture field, and consists of a nave, chancel, and finely proportioned tower, cr

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GRINSHILL

GRINSHILL

Is four miles distant from hence. The village is picturesquely sequestered beneath the extensive stone quarries, of which great use has been made in the bridges, churches, and public buildings of Salop. About the year 1630 a large stone building was erected at this place for the reception of the scholars under instruction at the Royal Free Grammar School during the time any contagious disorder might prevail in the town. It is now used as a private classical and commercial school....

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HAWKSTONE,

HAWKSTONE,

Being six miles further in this direction, is consequently beyond the prescribed limit of my pen. I cannot forbear, however, to remark that the scenery in the park is truly grand, and the objects which meet the eye are varied and interesting, consisting of a succession of hills and dales, rocks and caverns, connected together in a comparatively small space. The walks are twelve miles round, and the obelisk erected on the terrace of the park commands a prospect one hundred miles in diameter. Am

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HAUGHMOND ABBEY,

HAUGHMOND ABBEY,

Three miles north-east of the town, is approached from the Old Heath, by a road full of picturesque beauty. The vale is watered by the Severn, while swelling hills fill up the distance. This monastery was founded in the year 1100 by William Fitz Alan, for canons regular of St. Augustine, and is situated on the side of a gentle eminence. The ruins form a most imposing object, and are of sufficient consequence to attract the steps of the pedestrian. Of the Abbey church few remains exist. The d

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HAUGHMOND HILL,

HAUGHMOND HILL,

the etymology of which is derived from haut mont , the high mount. An easy ascent from the abbey leads to the summit, from whence is a rich panoramic prospect over a portion of the fertile vale of Shropshire, with the lofty steeples of its ancient capital, and the blue mountains of Cambria in the distance. A castellated turret is erected on a steep crag of the hill, down which the Scottish Earl Douglas leaped with his horse, on being closely pursued after his escape from the Battle of Shrewsbur

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THE VILLAGE OF UFFINGTON,

THE VILLAGE OF UFFINGTON,

which is delightfully situated, and affords many rural beauties. Here for a time the lover of nature may enjoy that calm delight which moves the soul to contemplation; and whilst the eye has been charmed with the prospect enjoyed from the summit of the adjoining eminence, the heart seems hushed to the noise of a populous town, and a feeling of tranquillity imperceptibly steals upon the mind, for which a cause can scarcely be assigned. Parties from the town are often tempted by the beauty of the

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THE VILLAGE OF ALBRIGHTON,

THE VILLAGE OF ALBRIGHTON,

distant three miles N.E. of the town on the Chester road, is a township in the parish of St. Mary, Shrewsbury. The church, a small humble structure, has been so effectually repaired by the modern goths with red stone and brick, that no reasonable conjecture can now be formed as to the period of its erection. A wooden loft issues from the west end, and inside the building is a curious ancient font, that will admit of total immersion, which has no doubt stood here for several centuries. The fine

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THE VILLAGE OF MEOLE,

THE VILLAGE OF MEOLE,

otherwise Meole Brace, is one mile south of the town. [216] The church stands on a little knoll above the Rea brook, and was erected on the site of an ancient edifice in the year 1800. It is a plain cruciform building, with a tower rising from the roof at the west end. From this place many agreeable walks branch off in the direction of Kingsland, Sutton, and the Sharpstones. Near the latter place, at Bayston Hill, is an earthwork of an irregular form, which seems to have been surrounded on a

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VILLAGE OF CONDOVER.

VILLAGE OF CONDOVER.

The church is a spacious building, displaying examples of early Norman architecture. It contains several handsome monuments in memory of the ancient family of Owen, among which one from the chisel of Roubiliac is considered a remarkably fine production. The adjoining mansion, a most interesting specimen of the Elizabethan style of building, was erected by Sir Thomas Owen, Lord Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, who died in 1598. Within the hall is the finest collection of paintings i

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PITCHFORD,

PITCHFORD,

six miles south-east of the town, takes its name from a kind of mineral pitch, which exudes out of a red sand stone, from which an oil is extracted called British oil. A similar substance is also found at this place, floating on a spring of water. Pitchford Hall is a beautiful specimen of the half-timbered mansion erected during the sixteenth century, and is the property of the Right Hon. the Earl of Liverpool, a descendant maternally of the Ottley family, one of whom purchased the estate in 1

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ACTON BURNELL.

ACTON BURNELL.

The remains of the ancient castle, founded by Robert Burnell, Bishop of Bath and Wells, consist of a large building, with a square tower at each angle. To this place the parliament of Shrewsbury adjourned in 1283, where were passed (and received the royal assent) certain legislative regulations, and amongst these the act touching merchant debtors, called “Statutum de Mercatoribus,” designated likewise the Statute of Acton Burnell. The church is cruciform, and in the pointed style of the fourte

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THE VILLAGE OF ATCHAM,

THE VILLAGE OF ATCHAM,

Three miles and a half east of the town, is delightfully seated on the banks of the Severn, over which there is a handsome bridge of seven arches, designed by Mr. Gwyn, a native of Shrewsbury. The etymology of the place seems to be derived from Eatta , a Saxon saint to whom the parish church is dedicated. It was anciently called Ettingeham and Attingesham. In the Saxon period it belonged to the college of St. Alkmund, Shrewsbury; and when that church was annexed to Lilleshull Abbey, the advows

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WROXETER.

WROXETER.

This village was the metropolis of the Cornavii , a tribe of Britons settled in Shropshire and some of the adjoining counties at the period when Julius Cæsar first invaded this island. On the subjugation of the Britons this place became the flourishing Roman station of Uriconium,—Wriconium, synonymous with the adjoining Wrekin, [221] —subsequently Wrekincester, and by contraction Wroxeter. It is situated on a gentle eminence above the Severn, possessing those advantages which the Romans general

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THE WREKIN,

THE WREKIN,

the proud monarch of the plain, whose bold arching head rises to the altitude of upwards of 1300 feet. A pathway from the London road leads through plantations to its summit, from whence the admirer of nature may luxuriate in the enjoyment of a magnificent prospect, whilst he contemplates all that variety of hill and dale, wood, rock and stream, studded with mansions and villages, stretched like a map throughout a circumference of nearly 400 miles. This Natural Heart of Shropshire forms a consp

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ADDITIONS.

ADDITIONS.

St. Mary’s .—The patronage of this living has been vested by the Lord Chancellor in the following Trustees:—The Lord Bishop of Lichfield, the Viscount Clive, Sir A. V. Corbet, Bart. J. A. LLoyd, Esq. and R. A. Slaney, Esq. The qualification for the Minister remains as before. Abbey Church .—The font, supported upon the upper part of an ancient cross (page 74 ), has been lately removed to St. Giles’s Church. St. Giles’s Church .—Pews have been erected on the South side of this edifice, to corres

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ERRATA. [227]

ERRATA. [227]

Page 13 , for Scott read Dyer ; p. 17 , for Thomson read Cowper; p. 24 , in note, for opposite read towards; p. 47 , l. 25, for munficence read munificence; p. 58 , l. 11, for surmounts read surrounds; p. 60 , l. 13, for carved read coved; p. 93 , l. 27, for five read four; p. 99 , for Henry Edwards read Hugh Edwards; p. 127 , for four read eight; p. 179 , l. 15, for Sir Philip read Sir Henry....

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