87 chapters
2 hour read
Selected Chapters
87 chapters
THE N a p o l e o n G a l l e r y
THE N a p o l e o n G a l l e r y
OR , Illustrations of the Life and Times OF THE Emperor of France ENGRAVED BY REVEIL, AND OTHER EMINENT ARTISTS, FROM ALL THE MOST CELEBRATED PICTURES IN FRANCE PUBLISHED BY E S T E S & L A U R I A T BOSTON Copyright, 1888. By Estes & Lauriat....
25 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE ACTION AT ST. ROCHE’S.
THE ACTION AT ST. ROCHE’S.
On the 4th of October, 1795, at six o’clock in the morning, Napoleon visited every post, and placed his troops in line. They were few in number, and might easily have been destroyed by the populace. While everything portended a sanguinary affair, the danger becoming every instant more pressing, the Convention discussed the situation without coming to any decision. Suddenly a column of a few battalions headed by Lafond, an emigrant, appeared on Point Neuf, and obliged Cartaux to fall back under t
58 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
ENTERING MILAN.
ENTERING MILAN.
On the 15th of May, 1796, Napoleon made his entry into Milan, amidst the acclamations of the populace; his troops passing under a triumphal arch. From that day the Italians adopted the tri-colored ensign—green, red and white. Napoleon remained only a few days in Milan, where he received d’Este, natural brother of the Duke of Modena, who came to solicit the protection of the French army. Buonaparte treated with the Duke of Modena as he had done with the Duke of Parma. In taking the command of the
49 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
“WHAT A LESSON FOR MAN!”
“WHAT A LESSON FOR MAN!”
In Italy, after the battle of Bassano, Napoleon, followed by his staff rode over the field. The moon shed her light upon that scene of horror, and the profound silence of the night was disturbed only by the sad cries of the wounded, and the dismal groans of the dying. All at once a dog that had been lying on a dead body, came forward whining, running back and forth, seemingly divided between the desire of avenging the death of his master, and the fear of allowing the body to become cold. Napoleo
48 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE BATTLE OF RIVOLI.
THE BATTLE OF RIVOLI.
Napoleon arrived at Rivoli about two o’clock in the morning of the 14th of January, 1797, where he was able to observe the line of the enemy’s fires who appeared to be encamped in five divisions, with a view of commencing the attack at different points. Joubert immediately received orders to act on the offensive; and the Fusileers engaged with one of the enemy’s columns, and repulsed it by day-break. Another Austrian column then marched upon the battery at Rivoli; in less than an hour this was d
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
NAPOLEON AT LONATO.
NAPOLEON AT LONATO.
After Lonato had been taken by the Austrians, and again re-taken by Napoleon, August, 1796, five thousand Austrians deserted; when, learning that there were only 1200 French soldiers at Lonato, they marched toward that place, in the hope of clearing a road to the Nuncio. When near Lonato they sent to demand the surrender of the city. At that moment Napoleon arrived from Castiglione, when he ordered the messenger to be brought before him. “Go, tell your general,” said Napoleon, “that he is in the
37 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
DEFENDING THE REDOUBT OF MONTE LEGINO.
DEFENDING THE REDOUBT OF MONTE LEGINO.
When Napoleon took command of the army of Italy, it was in a state of absolute destitution. Napoleon arrived at Nice, reviewed the troops, and said, “Soldiers, you are badly equipped; you require many necessaries, but our government is not able to supply them. Your patience and the courage you have shown in the midst of these sterile rocks, are worthy of admiration; but here you gain no glory. I will conduct you into the more fertile plains, rich provinces and great cities shall be in our power,
56 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE PRELIMINARIES OF THE PEACE OF LEOBEN.
THE PRELIMINARIES OF THE PEACE OF LEOBEN.
Some hours after receiving despatches from the Directory, Napoleon wrote to the Archduke Charles to make overtures of peace to him; the Archduke immediately answered that he would learn the opinion of his Court, having no power to treat alone. At last, on the 7th of April, 1797, the head-quarters were fixed at Leoben, when Generals Bellegarde and Merfield presented themselves to demand an armistice of ten days, previous to making a definitive peace. The armistice was signed the same evening, but
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CROSSING THE BRIDGE OF ARCOLA.
CROSSING THE BRIDGE OF ARCOLA.
The marsh of Arcola is crossed by three causeways,—each of which was occupied by a French column. Alvinzi, supposing them only a few light troops, contented himself by ordering two small divisions to disperse them; these were checked and nearly routed by the strong columns of infantry to which they unexpectedly found themselves opposed. It was necessary that Arcola, which was defended by two battalions of Croates should be taken, in order to gain the bridge of Villeneuve, which was the only retr
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE CISALPINE REPUBLIC.
THE CISALPINE REPUBLIC.
The independence of the Cisalpine Republic was declared on the 29th of June, 1797. A general federation of the national guards and of the authorities of the new Republic was held in the Lazaretto of Milan. On the 14th of July, thirty thousand of the national guard and deputies from the departments swore fealty to the new Commonwealth. The Cisalpine Directory named its own ministers, the administrative authorities, and governed the Republic as an independent State. The keys of Milan, and of all t
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE BATTLE OF THE PYRAMIDS.
THE BATTLE OF THE PYRAMIDS.
The subject of the accompanying engraving is derived from the account already given of the Battle of the Pyramids, at the moment when Napoleon, pointing to those remains of antiquity, and addressing his soldiers, exclaimed, “ Soldats! du haut de ces pyramides, quarante siècles vous contemplent .” The results of this battle are well known, the name of Buonaparte, now spread panic through the East; and the Sultan Kebir or King of Fire, as he was called from the deadly effects of the musketry in th
32 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE REVOLT OF CAIRO.
THE REVOLT OF CAIRO.
While the French were masters of Cairo, a conspiracy was formed against them which exploded on the 21st of October, 1798. The populace, at the instigation of the Sheiks, had sworn by Mahomet to exterminate the French. At the commencement of the insurrection, General Dupuy was mortally wounded, and several others were killed; when the drums were heard beating to arms, the Turks repaired to the Grand Mosque, where they assembled to the number of about 8,000. Here they were ordered to surrender, bu
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE FIGHT AT BENOUTH.
THE FIGHT AT BENOUTH.
General Belliard learned that 2000 Mekkains and more than 1000 Arabs, conducted by Hassan, had attacked the flotilla at Benouth, and captured it, notwithstanding an active resistance. Although he had with him only 600 men of the 21st light dragoons, he crossed the Nile, and sought the enemy now strengthened by the arrival of 400 Mamelukes. The fight was long and obstinate. The enemy lost their cannon, and fled in alarm; part to the boats, where the French soldiery, in their fury, soon reached th
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE SPEECH AT THE PYRAMIDS.
THE SPEECH AT THE PYRAMIDS.
On the 21st of July the army came within sight of the Pyramids, which, but for their regularity of outline might have been taken for a distant ridge of rocky mountains. While every eye was fixed on these hoary monuments of the past, the troops gained the brow of a gentle eminence, and saw at length spread out before them the vast armies of the Beys, its right, posted on an intrenched camp by the Nile, its centre and left composed of that brilliant cavalry with which they were by this time acquai
49 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
“ALL WHOM I COMMAND ARE MY CHILDREN.”
“ALL WHOM I COMMAND ARE MY CHILDREN.”
We may easily form an idea of the condition of the Egyptians, subject to the oppression of the Mamelukes on the one hand, and the rapacity of the Arabs on the other, when the French entered their territory under Napoleon, announcing themselves as avengers and liberators, as we find by the following occurrence, which has furnished the subject of M. Delorme’s composition. One day when Buonaparte was surrounded by the grand Sheiks, some one told him that the Arabs of the tribe of Osnadis had entere
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
BUONAPARTE PARDONING THE REBELS AT CAIRO.
BUONAPARTE PARDONING THE REBELS AT CAIRO.
Buonaparte had great difficulty in subduing the revolts at Cairo, and his work was only effected by an immense sacrifice of human life. He succeeded in forcing the rebels to take refuge in the mosque of Eleazar in the Isle of Ronda, whose approaches they secured with strong barricades. Here Napoleon summoned them to surrender; and by his order the divan, the principal sheiks and doctors of the law presented themselves at the barricades, to induce them if possible to comply with his summons. They
57 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE PLAGUE OF JAFFA.
THE PLAGUE OF JAFFA.
On the 6th of May, 1799, Buonaparte summoned the commandant of the garrison of Jaffa to surrender, who replied to the demand by very unceremoniously decapitating the messenger who carried the summons. The French commenced the attack on the city, and soon became masters of it; they put the garrison to the sword, and abandoned the city to pillage by the soldiers. This horrible scene lasted for six and thirty hours; and to the disgrace of the French be it said, they massacred their prisoners withou
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
“YOU ARE THE GREATEST OF MEN.”
“YOU ARE THE GREATEST OF MEN.”
Buonaparte reached Alexandria on the evening of the 24th of July, 1799, where he found his army already posted in the neighborhood of Aboukir, and prepared to attack the Turks on the morrow. Surveying their entrenched camp from the heights above with Murat, he said, “Go how it may, the battle of tomorrow will decide the fate of the world.” “Of this army, at least,” answered Murat; “but the Turks have no cavalry, and, if ever infantry were charged by horse, they shall be so by mine.” On the 25th
58 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
NAPOLEON INSCRIBING HIS NAME AT MOUNT SINAI.
NAPOLEON INSCRIBING HIS NAME AT MOUNT SINAI.
Napoleon, having crossed the Red Sea, at the ford, was met on the opposite shore, by a deputation of Cenobites from Mount Sinai. These monks threw themselves at his feet, imploring his protection; and after having invoked the blessings of heaven on his head, they presented for his signature the ancient register of their privileges. Napoleon smiled at their request; he took the pen, and no doubt flattered by an homage so extraordinary, signed his name already immortal beside those of Ali, of Sala
30 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
NAPOLEON AT MALMAISON.
NAPOLEON AT MALMAISON.
Toward the close of the year 1799, Napoleon occupied the palace of the Luxembourg. Several courtiers thought that a palace in the country should also be allotted to his use. He had lived at Malmaison, but this was considered unsuitable for the abode of the chief of a great republic and it was decided that St. Cloud should be offered him. This he chose to decline. In August, 1802, Napoleon was made consul for life. The court then became such as it had been at Versailles under the Bourbons. A Fren
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE BATTLE OF MARENGO.
THE BATTLE OF MARENGO.
On the 11th of June, 1800, and in the evening after the battle of Montebello, General Desaix arrived at headquarters. The two generals conversed with each other nearly the whole night. Desaix had much to tell of Egypt, since Napoleon had quitted it; and he now burned to distinguish himself in the Italian campaign. Napoleon immediately gave him the command of a division. Early in the morning on the 14th of June, the Austrians commenced a furious attack on the village of Marengo. The First Consul
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE BATTLE OF ABOUKIR.
THE BATTLE OF ABOUKIR.
The Turkish outposts were assaulted early on the morning of the 24th of July, 1799, and driven in with great slaughter; but the French, as they advanced, came within range of the batteries and of the ships that lay close by the shore, and were checked. This might have ended in a rout, but for the undisciplined eagerness with which the Turks engaged in the task of despoiling those that fell before them—thus giving Murat the opportunity of charging their main body in flank with his cavalry, at the
52 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE REVIEW BY THE FIRST CONSUL.
THE REVIEW BY THE FIRST CONSUL.
On the 17th Brumaire (November 9th, 1799), Napoleon intimated to the officers of the army, that he would review their regiments the next morning at seven o’clock; he at the same time reminded all the generals who had been with him in Egypt, that he would be glad to see them at an early hour. On November 10th, the Council of the Ancients assembled at six o’clock in the morning; when it was proposed to remove their sitting to St. Cloud that Napoleon might be invested with the command of the 17th m
59 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
NAPOLEON AT MOUNT ST. BERNARD.
NAPOLEON AT MOUNT ST. BERNARD.
The original picture from which this engraving is copied, ornaments the library at the Hotel des Invalides . It was painted at the express command of Napoleon. The first consul left Paris for Dijon, on the 6th of May, 1800, where the reserve army was being organized. At Geneva, he had an interview with the chief of engineers, for the purpose of ascertaining the particulars of the intended route; especially directing his inquiries to the difficult passage across St. Bernard. At the close of the i
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE DEATH OF DESAIX.
THE DEATH OF DESAIX.
At three o’clock in the afternoon, Napoleon took up his position on the road to San Juliano. “Soldiers!” he cried, “we have retreated far enough, now let us advance! You know it is my custom to sleep on the battle field!” Desaix was ordered to throw himself with his fresh troops upon the 6000 grenadiers of Colonel Zach. Desaix prepared to carry out these orders, but was shot dead at the first fire. “Alas! I must not weep,” said Napoleon; but the loss of this esteemed general redoubled the fury o
45 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CORONATION OF NAPOLEON.
CORONATION OF NAPOLEON.
This imposing ceremony was performed on the 2d of December, 1804, in the Cathedral of Notre Dame, in the midst of all that was splendid and illustrious in the Capital of France. With a view to show his power rather than to acknowledge the jurisdiction of the Pope, either temporal or spiritual, Napoleon summoned Pius VII. to be in attendance on the day of his inauguration at Paris. In compliance with this, the unresisting Pope left Rome on the 5th of November, and blessed the Emperor and Empress,
52 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE FIRST CORPS CROSSES THE MAINE.
THE FIRST CORPS CROSSES THE MAINE.
Admiral Villeneuve in engaging in the disastrous battle of Trafalgar, spoiled the great plan of descending upon England. The illustrious Pitt took means to avert the storm which menaced the British Isles. A treaty of alliance was signed by Russia and Austria, and the third coalition against France was formed. Napoleon gave orders for breaking up the camp at Boulogne; and, whilst a portion of the army commenced their march toward Strasburg, Marshal Bernadotte issued orders to occupy the fortresse
42 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE FOURTH CORPS AT DONAWERTH.
THE FOURTH CORPS AT DONAWERTH.
Napoleon had crossed the Rhine with his army. The left wing, composed of the corps under Marshal Bernadotte, and of that under General Marmont, with the Bavarian army, set out on the 1st and 2d of October for Weissenburg. Marshal Davoust, leaving Neckarels, followed the road to Meikumlh, Ingelfrugen, Chreilsheim, Drinkelspuhl, Frembdingen, Œttingen, and Haarburg. Marshal Soult advanced upon the Danube. Ney, leaving Stuttgart, followed the road to Nattheim. Marshal Lannes quitted Ludwisburg, and
51 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE EMPEROR’S ARRIVAL AT AUGSBURG.
THE EMPEROR’S ARRIVAL AT AUGSBURG.
Napoleon exhibited to his officers and soldiers an example of indefatigable activity. On horseback, night and day, he was continually in the midst of his troops, and chiefly where he thought his presence most necessary to excite the energy of his soldiers. He did not forget that similar conduct had mainly contributed to his success in Italy; and he was wise enough to see the importance of inducing those under his command, by constantly observing their actions, to expect that he would appreciate
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
NAPOLEON CROWNED KING OF ITALY.
NAPOLEON CROWNED KING OF ITALY.
Amid the great events which were then being enacted, one—not the least in importance—awaited the Emperor of France in the capital of the Cisalpine Republic, now become the kingdom of Italy. The Italians decided to offer the crown to the conqueror of Arcola and Marengo, and in pursuance of that decision they dispatched a deputation to Paris. Accepting that offer, Napoleon and the Empress Josephine repaired to Milan, where they were crowned on the 26th of May, 1805, with unusual splendor. On this
46 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
NAPOLEON CROSSING THE RHINE AT KEHL.
NAPOLEON CROSSING THE RHINE AT KEHL.
On September 21st, 1805, the three divisions under Bernadotte, took their position at Butzbach, in the province of Gros-Herzogth; and on the 30th of the same month, the whole army was united before Wurtzburg. General Marmont arrived at Mayence with his corps, joining Bernadotte and the Bavarians. The different columns of the army arrived successively upon the Rhine from the 20th to the 26th of September; these corps were commanded by Marshals Soult, Davoust, Ney, and Lannes; Murat commanding the
59 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE FOURTH CORPS ENTERING AUGSBURG.
THE FOURTH CORPS ENTERING AUGSBURG.
General Vandamme, in the action at Donawerth, routed the regiment of Colloredo, who defended the bridge, killed about 60 men and took 150 prisoners. Marshal Soult hastened to the bridge, and bore down upon Augsburg with the division under Vandamme and Legrand; while St. Hilaire marched his troops up the left bank of the Danube, to watch the movements of the army collected round Ulm, and afterward, followed the two divisions we have just named. Murat arrived at Donawerth on the morning of the 7th
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
NAPOLEON ADDRESSES THE ARMY.
NAPOLEON ADDRESSES THE ARMY.
The second corps of the Grand Army, commanded by General Marmont, was on a forced march to take its position upon the heights of Illersheim, near Augsburg. The Emperor was by the bridge of Lech, and each regiment was ordered to form a circle, and Napoleon addressed them on the situation. He said a serious engagement was probably at hand, and expressed his confidence in their bravery. Notwithstanding the bad weather, and the severe cold, while they listened to his harangue, the soldiers appeared
47 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE SURRENDER OF ULM.
THE SURRENDER OF ULM.
On the 29th of October, 1805, the Austrians surrendered Ulm to Napoleon. In execution of the articles of capitulation, the Austrian troops passed in review before the Emperor, with all the honors of war. This ceremony began at two o’clock in the afternoon and continued until seven o’clock in the evening. The number of the prisoners was estimated at 30,000—2000 of them cavalry. Sixty pieces of cannon and forty flags were delivered into the hands of the conquerors, who were encamped on the hills a
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
NAPOLEON RECEIVING THE KEYS OF VIENNA.
NAPOLEON RECEIVING THE KEYS OF VIENNA.
On the 10th of November, 1805, Mortier met the rear guard of the Russians, 25,000 strong, and defeated them after a combat of several hours, having with him only 5000 French troops. On the following morning, the citizens of Vienna, whom the Austrian Emperor had abandoned, opened the gates of that capital to the French Emperor. Let us see what was said in one of the bulletins of this magical campaign: “The Emperor has not yet received any of the authorities of Vienna, except a deputation from the
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE MORNING OF AUSTERLITZ.
THE MORNING OF AUSTERLITZ.
At one o’clock in the morning of December 2d, 1805, the Emperor mounted his horse, to take a survey of his position, and to ascertain from the advance guards what they had observed of the movements of the Russians. He wished to do so without being recognized, but the soldiery recognized him immediately, and, lighting great fires of straw all along the line, received him from post to post with enthusiasm. They reminded him that this was the anniversary of his coronation and assured him that they
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
PRESENTATION OF AUSTRIAN ENSIGNS TO THE FRENCH SENATE.
PRESENTATION OF AUSTRIAN ENSIGNS TO THE FRENCH SENATE.
After the battle of Austerlitz, where the Austrian power was so nearly destroyed, the French conqueror sent a fasceau of ensigns to the tribunes, to be presented to the Senate which had seconded by its decrees the organization of the army. It was in the hall where the sittings were held before the marble statues of all the great men of ancient days that the tribunes, bearing the Austrian eagles came in a body to offer them to the first dignitaries in France. The tribunes entered, clothed in thei
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE 76TH REGIMENT RECOVERING ITS COLORS.
THE 76TH REGIMENT RECOVERING ITS COLORS.
A French regiment, the 76th of the line, had lost its colors in the Grisons; it knew that Europe had not forgotten its misfortune, which was not occasioned, however, by want of courage. After the taking of forts Charnitz and Neustark on the 9th of November, 1805, this regiment entered Inspruck; an officer of the guard recognized in the arsenal the long lost colors and announced it to his comrades. The soldiers crowded forward, when their chief, Marshal Ney, standing in the midst, exhibited these
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE NIGHT BEFORE THE BATTLE OF AUSTERLITZ.
THE NIGHT BEFORE THE BATTLE OF AUSTERLITZ.
It is said that Napoleon, after having ascertained the exact position of his army, on the night previous to the battle of Austerlitz, fell asleep in the midst of his general officers. This was about midnight, when he snatched an hour from his important duties to restore the energies of his wearied frame. Ingratitude and treason were alone able to conquer the will and the power that were to astonish future ages, and to be felt, if not acknowledged, to all time. THE NIGHT BEFORE THE BATTLE OF AUST
28 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE BATTLE OF AUSTERLITZ.
THE BATTLE OF AUSTERLITZ.
The Russian General-in-chief, Kutusoff, fell into the snare Napoleon had held for him, and sent a large division of his army to turn the right of the French. The troops detached for this purpose met with unexpected resistance from Davoust, and were held in check at Raygern. Napoleon immediately seized the opportunity; they had left a deep gap in the line, and into that space Soult forthwith poured a force which entirely destroyed communication between the Russian centre and left. The Czar percei
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
NAPOLEON’S INTERVIEW WITH THE AUSTRIAN EMPEROR.
NAPOLEON’S INTERVIEW WITH THE AUSTRIAN EMPEROR.
The defeat of the allied army at the battle of Austerlitz induced the Emperor of Austria to seek an interview with Napoleon, in order, if possible, to conclude a treaty of peace. With this in view he commissioned Prince Jean de Lichtenstein to ascertain whether this would be agreeable to the conqueror or not: Napoleon agreed and appointed the 4th of December, 1805, to receive Francis II. at his bivouac. On that day the haughty Emperor went to the French headquarters and Napoleon said, “I receive
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
STATUES ON THE COLUMN OF THE GRAND ARMY.
STATUES ON THE COLUMN OF THE GRAND ARMY.
One of the engravings represents the statue which formerly crowned the summit of the splendid column in the Place Vendôme, designed by M. Chaudet in imitation of the ancient classic statues of the Roman Emperors. It has, however, been displaced by the modern one reproduced in our plate executed from the design showing Napoleon in his accustomed dress as General of the French Army. STATUES ON THE COLUMN OF THE GRAND ARMY....
24 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE DUCHESS OF WEIMAR AND NAPOLEON.
THE DUCHESS OF WEIMAR AND NAPOLEON.
After the battle of Jena, Napoleon took up his quarters at Weimar; the royal family of Prussia having fled on the approach of the conqueror. The Duchess, however, did not abandon her capital, though her lord and master was at the head of 25,000 men in the Prussian army. She retired with her attendants into one wing of the palace, and prepared the best apartment for the reception of the French Emperor. On his arrival she placed herself at the head of the principal staircase to receive him; when o
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
NAPOLEON RECEIVING THE DEPUTIES OF THE SENATE.
NAPOLEON RECEIVING THE DEPUTIES OF THE SENATE.
The almost total annihilation of the Prussian army at the battle of Jena, opened the gates of Berlin to Napoleon. On the 25th of October, 1806, he was at Potsdam, and visited the royal castle, Sans Souci. The Prussian Court had abandoned Potsdam and Berlin so precipitately, that nothing had been removed from the king’s palace. Napoleon made his solemn entry into Berlin on the 27th. The war with Prussia was thus ended. Of the 150,000 men who formed the main body of the Prussian army, seven-eighth
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE SWORD OF FREDERIC THE GREAT.
THE SWORD OF FREDERIC THE GREAT.
Marshal Davoust, and the third division entered Berlin. This honor was the recompense for the glorious part which these brave troops had taken in the battle of Jena. A favor so simple, rivalling in that respect the oak leaf chaplet of the Romans, intoxicated the soldiers who received it, and they swore to be to the Emperor, what the Tenth Legion was to Cæsar. He visited the vault where the remains of Frederic were deposited in a coffin of cedar-wood, encased in another of brass, without ornament
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE BATTLE OF JENA.
THE BATTLE OF JENA.
Napoleon arrived at Jena on the 18th of October, 1806, and soon divined that it was the intention of the Prussians to fight on the morrow. Giving orders to Davoust and Bernadotte, and not waiting for the guard, which were thirty hours’ march away, he determined on beginning the attack himself. Lannes ranged his corps on a plateau in front of Jena, which the Prussians had unwisely neglected to occupy. Lefebvre and the Imperial Guard formed in a square upon the summit, and Napoleon bivouaced in th
48 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
MARSHAL NEY AT ELCHINGEN.
MARSHAL NEY AT ELCHINGEN.
At break of day on the 14th of October, 1806, Marshal Ney attacked the bridge of Elchingen, with Loison’s division. The enemy occupied their position with 15,000 or 16,000 men and upon them the 69th regiment of the line began the attack in admirable order and with the greatest sang froid , supported by the 76th regiment of infantry, the 18th of dragoons, and the 10th of chasseurs . These four regiments rivalled each other in intrepidity and bravery. Repulsed in two successive charges, they began
47 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
NAPOLEON’S CLEMENCY.
NAPOLEON’S CLEMENCY.
Prince Hatzfeld, the Prussian Governor of Berlin, at the time that city was taken by the French, imprudently sent Prince Hohenloe, by letter, certain information respecting the movements and condition of the French army. This letter was intercepted; upon which Napoleon directed the appointment of a military commission to try the Prince on the charge of treason and espionage. Previous to the sitting of the commission, however, the Princess Hohenloe sought and gained admittance to the Emperor, by
52 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE FIELD OF BATTLE AT EYLAU.
THE FIELD OF BATTLE AT EYLAU.
The battle of Eylau, fought on the 8th of February, 1807, was a scene of carnage which lasted from morning until night, and the field of battle presented a most horrible scene. Let any one imagine upon a square league of ground nine or ten thousand dead bodies, four or five thousand horses killed, whole lines of Russian knapsacks, broken muskets and sabres, cannon balls, howitzer shells, and ammunition, twenty-four pieces of cannon, near which were lying the bodies of their drivers, killed as th
57 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE BATTLE OF FRIEDLAND.
THE BATTLE OF FRIEDLAND.
On the 14th of June, 1807, the Russian General was compelled to accept battle. “This is a day of good fortune,” said the French Emperor; “it is the anniversary of the battle of Marengo!” Napoleon reconnoitred the enemy’s position, and detailed to raze the city of Friedland. Ney commenced operations under cover of a battery of thirty pieces, placed in the centre, causing severe loss to the Russians. The imperial Russian guard lying in ambush in a ravine, intrepidly advanced, and charged the left
48 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE SIMPLON PASS.
THE SIMPLON PASS.
The early history of the Simplon Pass is involved in much obscurity, and nothing certain is known even of the origin of its name. It was under Napoleon’s orders that the present road was constructed. The new Simplon Road was, in its intention and execution, a military work. It was determined upon immediately after the battle of Marengo, whilst the difficulties of the passage of the Great St. Bernard, and the almost fatal check received at Fort Bard were fresh in the recollection of Napoleon. It
39 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
BATTLE OF ESSLING.
BATTLE OF ESSLING.
On the 19th of May, 1809, Napoleon took possession of the villages of Asperne and Essling, with so little opposition, that it was evident the Archduke wished the battle, now unavoidable, to take place with the river between the enemy and Vienna. On the 21st of May, at day-break, the Archduke Charles appeared on a hill at some distance from the French, whose army consisted of 20,000 men. The Austrians began by a furious assault on the village of Asperne, which was taken and re-taken several times
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
NAPOLEON WOUNDED AT RATISBON.
NAPOLEON WOUNDED AT RATISBON.
In five days, Napoleon defeated the elaborate efforts of the Austrians, with whom were allied, perhaps, the greater part of Germany; and a defensive war upon their own territory seemed now to be their only resource. At the battle of Eckmulh, the French took 1500 prisoners, and sixteen pieces of cannon; and the Austrian army lost nearly 5000 men, killed or wounded; while the loss of the French and their allies amounted to only about 2000 men, killed and wounded. Napoleon was wounded in the right
45 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE COMBAT AT SOMO SIERRA.
THE COMBAT AT SOMO SIERRA.
On the 29th of November, 1808, the French headquarters were at the village of Bocequilas. They found the pass of Somo Sierra in the chain of mountains named Carpetanos , and through which the main road to Castile runs, in the possession of the enemy. The Spaniards could not have chosen a stronger position—the defile was narrow, and excessively steep; and the road completely swept by sixteen pieces of artillery. At day-break on the 1st of December, the French endeavored to turn the flank of St. J
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
NAPOLEON’S INTERVIEW WITH THE PRUSSIAN QUEEN.
NAPOLEON’S INTERVIEW WITH THE PRUSSIAN QUEEN.
Napoleon has been accused of having hastened the death of this beautiful Princess by his treatment of her at Tilsit. It is said he admitted that if she had been present at the beginning of the negotiations for peace, she would have had considerable influence upon the result. Napoleon observed that she received him in truly tragic style—demanding and crying for justice. The Prussians were blind to Buonaparte’s power. They had dared to combat a hero—to oppose themselves to the destiny of France, a
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE RETREAT FROM MOSCOW.
THE RETREAT FROM MOSCOW.
On the 24th of October, 1809, Napoleon, in effecting his retreat from Moscow, rose early in the morning to reconnoitre. While occupied in this hazardous duty, a party of Cossacks was observed rapidly approaching, when Rapp said to the Emperor, at the same time seizing the reins of his bridle, “It is the Cossacks; you must turn back.” Napoleon refused to retreat, and placed himself, with his attendants, on the highway side. The Cossacks, being more intent on plunder than prisoners, passed within
47 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE DEATH OF THE DUKE OF MONTEBELLO.
THE DEATH OF THE DUKE OF MONTEBELLO.
Lannes was born at Lectour, in 1769, of a poor and obscure family. He joined the Republican army, and made his first campaign in the Eastern Pyrenees. “ Il était alors un pigmée, il devint un géant plus tard. ” Napoleon so said of the hero who was attached to him alike in his good and bad fortune. A Colonel in 1795, he followed Buonaparte to Italy, where he distinguished himself in the battles of Millesimo, Lodi, and Arcola. He was Brigadier-General at Pavia, where he took two of the enemy’s fla
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
NAPOLEON AT THE TOMB OF FREDERICK THE GREAT.
NAPOLEON AT THE TOMB OF FREDERICK THE GREAT.
The Court of Berlin had fled from Potsdam so precipitately that all the treasures which it contained were left for Napoleon and his army, who took possession on the 26th of October 1809. Buonaparte visited Frederick’s tomb; where he found his sword, sash, and the badges of several orders of knighthood. These he took, saying that he preferred them to all the treasures of the King of Prussia; that he would send them to the old soldiers who had served in the Hanoverian campaign, and direct that the
40 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE PEASANT OF THE RHINE.
THE PEASANT OF THE RHINE.
Some time after his alliance with the house of Austria, Napoleon, with the view perhaps of making the new Empress known and popular accompanied her on several journeys. One day while walking on the banks of the Rhine, he took a fancy to dine on one of its islands. They sat down at a table which overlooked a little farm. Napoleon desired to see the farmer, and despatched a messenger to summon him. Full of surprise, and doubt, the poor peasant hesitated to approach the Emperor; he advanced awkward
57 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE REDOUBT OF KABRUNN.
THE REDOUBT OF KABRUNN.
The brave Captain Chambure commanded a select troop called the Compagnie Franche . On the attack of the redoubt of Kabrunn, Chambure at the head of these troops threw himself into the redoubt, and cut the Russians to pieces—not one escaped,—for those who avoided the bayonet fell under the fire of the battalions of Clamon and Dubowski. A lieutenant, Connard, showed extraordinary coolness on this occasion; a ball having shattered his shoulder he continued to fight, throwing himself into the hottes
59 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
“IS IT TRUE THAT THINGS ARE GOING SO BADLY?”
“IS IT TRUE THAT THINGS ARE GOING SO BADLY?”
In the latter part of the year 1813, Napoleon rode through the Faubourg St. Antoine , accompanied by only two of his aide-de-camps. He was soon recognized, and surrounded by a crowd so dense as to impede his progress, and oblige him to stop frequently. The faces of all the people seemed to express an interrogation; as the great reverse of fortune had caused general disquietude, at length one of the crowd, bolder than the rest, questioned the Emperor, “Is it true that things are going so badly?”
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE BATTLE OF MOSCOW.
THE BATTLE OF MOSCOW.
Near the end of August, 1812, Napoleon arrived on an elevated plain, called Borodino, which the Russians had previously fortified with redoubts and batteries. The Emperor passed the night before the battle in giving orders. At day-break he was on foot, and summoned Caulaincourt to his presence. Throwing aside the curtains of his tent, he advanced towards his officers who had already assembled in great numbers. “It is somewhat cold,” said he, “but behold a splendid sun! It is the sun of Austerlit
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE SKIRMISH.
THE SKIRMISH.
The French army, spread over all the provinces of the Peninsula, was surrounded by enemies; but could encounter none. The guerillas showed themselves on every side, but they could not be come at any where. Invisible foes, Proteus-like,—they ceaselessly dispersed or rallied at the voice of their chiefs. Well-informed on all points, the enemy’s most trivial movements were signalled to them, and prompt and faithful reports reached them through the peasants. Was a weak garrison left in a small villa
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
EVERYONE TO HIS OWN CALLING.
EVERYONE TO HIS OWN CALLING.
One day Napoleon, followed by three or four officers, passed through the market on his way to the Tuileries. The customary acclamations followed him. A green-grocer cried out that he ought to make peace: “Good woman,” answered the Emperor, smiling, “continue selling your cabbages, and leave me to do that which concerns me,—every man to his own calling.” At this the crowd laughed and shouted, “ Vive l’Empereur! ” “EVERY ONE TO HIS OWN CALLING. ”...
24 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE DEATH OF PONIATOWSKI.
THE DEATH OF PONIATOWSKI.
In escaping from the field of Leipzig, Poniatowski attempted to cross the Elster by swimming, but unfortunately was drowned. Vernet has given us an admirable picture and has conveyed in lines not to be mistaken, the courage and fearlessness of the General in his daring attempt. Previous to the battle of Leipzig, which occurred on the 19th of November, 1813, Poniatowski had received his orders from Napoleon, and on leaving him observed “we are all ready to die for your majesty. ” THE DEATH OF PON
27 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
NAPOLEON AT LUTZEN.
NAPOLEON AT LUTZEN.
The misfortunes at Moscow had disappointed the French Nation; the 29th bulletin was published at Paris when Napoleon arrived at the Tuileries; he alone could save the country, he alone could repair the disasters of the grand army! France was not indifferent to the voice of her chief; she knew well how to value his ardent patriotism. The Emperor opened a new campaign, in which he commanded 250,000 men. He did not deceive himself as to the crisis which menaced France; he therefore decided to attem
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE BATTLE OF MONTMIRAIL.
THE BATTLE OF MONTMIRAIL.
On the 11th of February, 1814, Napoleon arrived before Montmirail. At eleven o’clock the Allies formed themselves in battle array. The French divisions arrived successively, and Napoleon wished to wait for the whole, but at three o’clock, as night was approaching, he directed the Duke of Treviso to boar down on Montmirail. General Friant with four battalions of the old guard, received orders to attack the Farm of l’Epine-au-Bois, a position on which depended the success of the day, and which was
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
NAPOLEON AT MONTEREAU.
NAPOLEON AT MONTEREAU.
The Emperor is here seen pointing a cannon. This was not the first occasion on which he had served a piece of artillery. It has been asserted by some that he was an admirable marksman, while others have maintained the contrary. At Montereau all the ardor of youth seemed to revive within him, and his military genius appeared as vigorous as in his early engagements. On the 18th of February, 1814, General Briancks had taken his position with two divisions of Austrians, and two of Wirtemburgians, up
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
NAPOLEON’S FAREWELL AT FONTAINBLEAU.
NAPOLEON’S FAREWELL AT FONTAINBLEAU.
On the 20th of April, 1814, everything was in readiness for Buonaparte’s departure from Fontainbleau. He ordered that the guard should be summoned, and advancing toward them, signified that he would speak to them. “Soldiers! my old guard!” said he, “I bid you adieu! For twenty-eight years I have found you constantly in the way of honor and glory. In these latter times, as in the days of our prosperity, you have not ceased to be models of bravery and fidelity. With such men as you our cause need
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE BATTLE OF HAINAU.
THE BATTLE OF HAINAU.
The Austro-Bavarians had taken up their position in the woods near Hainau before the Emperor approached the Maine. He came up with them on the morning of the 30th, and his troops charged on the instant with the fury of despair. Buonaparte cut his way through ere nightfall; and Marmont, with the rear, had equal success on the 31st. In these actions there fell 6000 of the French; while the enemy had 10,000 killed or wounded, and lost 4000 prisoners; and these losses would have been far greater, bu
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
NAPOLEON AT ARCIS-SUR-AUBE.
NAPOLEON AT ARCIS-SUR-AUBE.
During the night between the 16th and 17th of February, 1814, Napoleon, accompanied by a small escort of Polish lancers, reconnoitred the enemy’s line, when, on leaving Arcis, he was attacked by a corps of Russian cuirassiers and Cossacks. The Poles, commanded by Skrzinecki, their captain, rapidly formed in a square about the Emperor; and though the enemy in their front were supposed to be six times their number, they succeeded in repulsing them, and rescued Napoleon from his imminent danger. NA
25 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
FILIAL ANXIETY OF A CONSCRIPT.
FILIAL ANXIETY OF A CONSCRIPT.
During the campaign of 1814, the services of every French soldier were required for the defence of that empire, then invaded from all quarters. On one occasion, as Napoleon was passing along the line on horseback, a soldier stepped out of the ranks, and presented his arms; “Sire,” said he, in offering a petition to the Emperor’s notice, “my mother is old and infirm, and is dependent solely on my labors for subsistence.” Napoleon was forcibly struck with these words, uttered with timidity, and to
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE TURNPIKE OF CLICHY.
THE TURNPIKE OF CLICHY.
Previous to Napoleon’s abdication the Allied army had approached and even entered Paris, and taking possession of the Faubourg des Batignolles , compelling the National Guard to repair to the Barrière de Clichy, where some slight skirmishing occurred, until it was announced that an armistice would forthwith be made. This armistice was the precursor of those treaties in which Napoleon gave in his unconditional abdication, and retired on a pension, to the Isle of Elba, whence shortly after he succ
31 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE RETURN FROM ELBA.
THE RETURN FROM ELBA.
It was about five o’clock in the afternoon of the 1st of March, 1815, that Napoleon landed at Cannes, in the Gulf of Juan. From thence he proceeded toward Paris with his little army, then consisting only of 500 grenadiers, of the guard, 200 dragoons and one hundred Polish lancers; these last being without horses, were obliged to carry their saddles on their backs. When between Mure and Vizele, Cambronne, who commanded the advance guard of forty grenadiers, met a battalion which had been sent fro
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
NAPOLEON AT CHARLEROI.
NAPOLEON AT CHARLEROI.
Horace Vernet has attempted to present us with a portrait of Napoleon, as he appeared on the eve of his great conflict with the Allied Army. Buonaparte arrived at Charleroi about 11 o’clock, on the 15th of June, 1815, which place was evacuated by the Prussians, under General Ziethen, in great haste. Napoleon ordered Marshal Ney to repair to Gosselin, and take the command of the whole of the left wing of the army, occupying a position beyond Quatre-Bras with 40,000 men. The Prussians retired upon
30 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
NAPOLEON AT WATERLOO.
NAPOLEON AT WATERLOO.
The battle of Waterloo is an occurence with which all England is so well acquainted, that it would be superfluous to give an account of it here. We may, however, mention, that the destruction of the French army on that important occasion, is considered by French historians to be entirely the consequence of General Bourmont’s desertion. The project of Napoleon was to concentrate his forces upon the Allied Army suddenly, which ought to have been done in the night, when the Duke of Wellington and t
36 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
NAPOLEON SALUTING A PARTY OF WOUNDED SOLDIERS.
NAPOLEON SALUTING A PARTY OF WOUNDED SOLDIERS.
“ Honneur au courage malheureux! ” said Napoleon, in passing a party of wounded enemies. Debret has made an agreeable picture from a rather disagreeable subject; though it is certainly gratifying to find the leader of an army rendering due respect to those who, in their courageous efforts to overcome an opposing force, have unfortunately received wounds and injuries which, perhaps, disable them for life. The admirers of Napoleon maintain that the above incident did actually occur, while others a
43 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
NAPOLEON IN 1815.
NAPOLEON IN 1815.
Horace Vernet has admirably conveyed in the countenance of Napoleon all the sentiments which animated the soul of “ le Grande Homme ” in the last moments of his military glory. Those who saw Napoleon at Waterloo have not failed to admire this painting, as well as the beautiful copy of it by M. Marin Levinge. Reveil has reproduced it admirably in the accompanying engraving. NAPOLEON IN 1815....
21 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
TAKING THE OATH OF ALLEGIANCE.
TAKING THE OATH OF ALLEGIANCE.
After the distribution of the eagles at the Champ de Mars, Napoleon administered the following oath to the army:— “Soldiers! behold your banners! These eagles shall always serve you for rallying points. They shall be ever where your Emperor shall judge it necessary for the defence of his throne and of his people. Do you swear to sacrifice your life in their defence, and constantly to maintain them by your courage in the way of victory? Do you swear it?” All the army answered by acclamation: “We
31 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
A SOLDIER’S FAREWELL.
A SOLDIER’S FAREWELL.
The brave corporal has received a mortal wound, and takes his last farewell of a young comrade. How many a scene like this has been witnessed on the battle-field. How many of the strong and the powerful among mankind, have the murder-working engines of war brought to a premature death. Belangé’s figures are true to nature; there is nothing startling in them; nor anything of the conventional mannerism of the studio, which throws so much coldness into ordinary compositions. “It will be seen,” says
37 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
A SOLDIER AT WATERLOO.
A SOLDIER AT WATERLOO.
M. Jazet has here attempted to produce a picture which shall revive all the recollections of that remarkable period, when the extraordinary career of Napoleon spread terror wherever his name and deeds were heard of. He has represented an old soldier fatigued and careworn, and has made nature itself sympathize with his feelings. The sun is setting in the west, his crimson rays dimmed by intervening clouds, while the scene around is desolate and barren. The picture was placed in the gallery of the
34 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
A FIELD HOSPITAL.
A FIELD HOSPITAL.
The devotion shown to the memory of Napoleon, by the spirited painter of the original picture from which this is copied, has been profitable to that talented artist. Few of his contemporaries have succeeded better than M. Bellangé, in depicting subjects which illustrate the “Imperial Epoch.” This picture is well conceived, free and natural. It is a scene which occurred repeatedly on the battle-field in Napoleon’s campaigns. “ Vive l’Empereur ,” let the wound be slight or mortal; “ Vive l’Empereu
57 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
ARC DE TRIOMPHE DE L’ETOILE.
ARC DE TRIOMPHE DE L’ETOILE.
This monumental arch stands in a circular area without the barrière of that name, at the end of the avenues in the Champs Elysées , and in front of the Palace of the Tuileries. It is of greater size than anything of the kind hitherto erected, being 133 feet in height, including the cornice and attic. The fronts are 134 feet in breadth, and the sides 67. The principal arch is 92 feet in height, and 44 in breadth: the transverse arch 56 feet by 55½. The first stone of this edifice, which was begun
46 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
DEATH-BED OF NAPOLEON.
DEATH-BED OF NAPOLEON.
From the 15th to the 25th of April, Napoleon occupied himself with drawing up his last will, in which he bequeathed his orders, and a specimen of every article in his wardrobe, to his son. On the 18th, he gave directions for opening his body after death, expressing a special desire that his stomach should be examined and its appearance communicated to his son. “The symptoms,” he said, “seem to show that of all my organs the stomach is the most diseased. I am inclined to believe it is attacked wi
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
THE TRIUMPHAL COLUMN.
THE TRIUMPHAL COLUMN.
The Fontaine de la Victoire , built upon the Place du Châtelet , in front of the Pont au Change , was one of the first established in the French Capital. It was also one of the first monuments raised to record the glory of the French arms. The architect Brasle superintended its erection, as well as that of others of the same nature, placed in different parts of Paris, as much for utility as for ornament. The conception of this is simple, and its execution leaves nothing to be desired. The glorio
59 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
STATUE OF NAPOLEON, BY CHAUDET.
STATUE OF NAPOLEON, BY CHAUDET.
Napoleon was anxious to place his name on the list of those Emperors of old, whose names are rendered immortal, not so much by their own heroic or noble deeds as by the flattering notices of them in the deathless writings of poets and historians. On the occasion of his statue being first required for the Column which now stands in the Place Vendome, he directed that it should be attired as a senator of ancient Rome, and Chaudet produced the statue, of which the accompanying engraving is a faithf
32 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
APOTHEOSIS.
APOTHEOSIS.
The conclusion of Napoleon’s remarkable history is here well conceived. The mound of earth surmounted by his cap and sword, points out the last earthly tenement of the ex-Emperor; the group upon that point of the rock which juts into the sea adds considerably to the interest of the scene; few have forgotten the faithful companions of Napoleon when prisoner at St Helena. The artist, Horace Vernet, has called poetry to his aid and introduced the shades of several of the departed comrades of Napole
38 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter