The Civil War Battles Of Chickamauga And Chattanooga - free ebook by Jesse Littleton Rogers

The Civil War Battles of Chickamauga and Chattanooga

New York Peace Monument, Point Park, Lookout Mountain By J. L. ROGERS THIRD EDITION...

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THE CIVIL WAR BATTLES of CHICKAMAUGA and CHATTANOOGA

The Front Cover : The New York Central Memorial, or Peace Monument, Point Park, Lookout Mountain, Tennessee. This is the largest and most imposing monumental structure in the park. The height is 95 feet. The base is 50 feet in diameter. The platform is reached by 7 steps which are made of Tennessee marble. There is a colonnade 3 steps above the platform. In the center of the colonnade is a pedestal on which rests the tall circular shaft. The shaft is surmounted by bronze figures of a Union and C

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PREFACE

The following pages have been written after a careful study of the Official records and other Civil War library books to which I have had access over a period of years, and not upon the recollection of personal experience, as I did not belong to the generation which fought the great Civil War. It has been my desire to make all statements as accurate as possible, and sincerely believe that any and all statements contained in this volume can be verified by the Official Records. I wish to express m

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CHICKAMAUGA AND CHATTANOOGA NATIONAL MILITARY PARK (Georgia and Tennessee)

By an act of Congress, approved August 19, 1890, the Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park was established, with a view to preserving and suitably marking those battlefields for historical and professional military study. The part undertaken by the Government in the establishment of this park embraced the purchase of lands, restoration of the fields, construction of roads and trails, building of observation towers, the erection of appropriate monuments to the regular troops engaged

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THE FIRST OCCUPATION OF CHATTANOOGA BY CONFEDERATES

At the outbreak of the Civil War, there were no Confederate soldiers in Chattanooga. They made their appearance in the spring of 1862—a year after the war started. These troops were commanded by Generals Floyd, Maxey and Leadbetter. It was only a short time until Union forces, commanded by General Mitchell, arrived. They shelled the city on June 7th and 8th, and the Confederates made a hasty exit. In August, General Braxton Bragg, commanding the Confederate army, invaded Chattanooga and started

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THE TULLAHOMA CAMPAIGN

Finally, on June 23, 1863, Rosecrans left Murfreesboro, moving against Bragg at Tullahoma. By exercising very clever strategy in the form of a series of flanking movements, the Confederates were forced to give up one stronghold after another. The Confederates finally crossed the Tennessee River at Bridgeport and Caperton’s Ferry, Alabama, and moved directly into Chattanooga. The first arrival at Chattanooga was at the same hour that General Pickett made his famous charge at Gettysburg, namely ne

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PRELIMINARY MOVEMENTS

Rosecrans was led to believe that Bragg was in full retreat to Rome and Atlanta. He had gathered this information from pretended deserters from the Confederate army. However, he was determined to head the Confederates off. He immediately dispatched Thomas and McCook down Lookout Valley to point 26 and 42 miles below Chattanooga where they crossed Lookout Mountain. Thomas moved into McLemore’s Cove; McCook to Alpine and Summerville, Georgia. In planning these movements and making such disposition

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BRAGG’S PLAN FOR BATTLE

On September 17th, Bragg had ordered his troops to cross the Chickamauga Creek at Reed’s and Alexander’s bridges. They were to sweep up the creek toward Crittenden’s position. His objective was to gain possession of the main road between Rosecrans and Chattanooga. Incidentally, this main road is known today as Highway U. S. No. 27. The Confederates reached Chickamauga Creek on Friday afternoon, September 18th. Here they met with some opposition from the Union troops. After a great deal of skirmi

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THE BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA

On Saturday morning the right of the Confederate line extended to the Reed’s Bridge road. Forrest’s Cavalry Corps was posted on the right of this line. Thomas’ troops arrived on the LaFayette road at the Kelley field near daylight on Saturday morning, the 19th. Brannan’s division moved up the main road to the McDonald field, thence east toward Reed’s bridge. When in the vicinity of Jay’s Mill they encountered Forrest’s cavalry. Croxton’s brigade fired into them and thus opened the battle of Chic

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THE PEAK OF THE BATTLE

By 2:00 P. M. the battle was raging on Snodgrass hill. This fighting was at very close range and a great deal was hand-to-hand struggling. The Confederates kept charging up the slopes, making every effort to drive the Union troops from their position. They were never able to carry the hill. A few of the Confederates passed over the hill to the right of the Union line. They moved to the rear of Brannan and entered the valley beyond his position. About 3.00 P. M., when the fighting reached its pea

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THE CLOSE OF THE BATTLE

At 4:45 P. M., Thomas received orders from Rosecrans directing him to withdraw. The withdrawal was not started at this time. There had been severe fighting in the Kelley field during the afternoon. At 5:00 P. M. Col. Edward A. King, 68th Indiana Infantry, was killed in the southeast corner of this field. King commanded the 2nd brigade of Reynolds division. He was the last of the eight brigade commanders who lost their lives on the Chickamauga battlefield. Col. Milton S. Robinson assumed command

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REORGANIZATION OF THE ARMIES

Both Rosecrans and Bragg immediately started a reorganization of their armies. The Confederate army was divided into three corps, the commands being given to Longstreet, Hardee and Breckinridge. These three corps had a total of 10 divisions. Wheeler was in command of the cavalry. On the Union side, McCook and Crittenden were removed from their commands of the 20th and 21st Army Corps. These two corps were consolidated into the 4th and Granger was given the command. The Reserve Corps which was fo

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BATTLE OF WAUHATCHIE

After Hooker’s arrival in Lookout Valley during the afternoon of the 28th, Geary’s division stopped at Wauhatchie, four miles below the northern point of Lookout Mountain. This was at a junction of the Nashville and Trenton railroads. Generals Bragg and Longstreet stood on Lookout and witnessed their arrival. About midnight Geary was attacked by Jenkins’ division of Longstreet’s corps. The battle lasted until about 3:30 A. M. Geary was reinforced by two brigades commanded by Tyndale and Orland S

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GEN. GRANT’S PLAN OF BATTLE

Grant had ordered an attack against the Confederates on the 21st. Due to bad roads, Sherman was unable to reach here by that time. When the battle did open on the 23rd, it was not according to plan. Under Grant’s original plan, Hooker was to hold Lookout Valley with Geary’s and Cruft’s divisions. The 11th corps was to be brought into Chattanooga to assist either Sherman or Thomas. Sherman was to cross the river at the mouth of the Chickamauga Creek during the night of the 23rd, and carry Mission

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CAPTURE OF ORCHARD KNOB

On November 23rd, reports reached Grant’s headquarters to the effect that Confederates had been seen retreating from Missionary Ridge. This was Buckner’s Corps leaving for Knoxville to assist Longstreet. Grant at once ordered an attack against Orchard Knob, the outpost of the Confederates in front of Missionary Ridge. Thomas, with five divisions, charged out against this position, soon capturing it. The Confederate pickets moved back to the base of the ridge. Grant then established his field hea

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BATTLE OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN

Hooker’s command had been assigned to Thomas who had obtained permission for Hooker to make a demonstration against the left of the Confederate line on Lookout Mountain. During the night of the 23rd, Sherman crossed the Tennessee River near the present site of the Chickamauga Dam. He reached the hill he had selected before crossing. He made no effort to dislodge the Confederates during the 24th. His position was not on the north end of the ridge as he thought it to be. A deep ravine separated hi

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THE BATTLE OF MISSIONARY RIDGE

At this time Sherman was in position to attack the right end of the Confederate line. Thomas was in front of the center and Hooker was opposite the left end. About 7:30 A. M., Sherman opened the battle against the right end with heavy artillery fire. The Confederates of Cleburne’s, Stevenson’s and Cheatham’s divisions were so strongly entrenched that he was unable to drive them from their positions. About 10:30, Hooker was ordered forward across the Chattanooga Valley to attack the left end. The

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ADDENDA

As a reward for the Union victory at the battle of Chattanooga, both Grant and Sherman were promoted. First, on March 9, 1864, Grant was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-General. On March 12, 1864, he was placed in command of all the Union forces throughout the United States. The order which placed Grant in this latter position was presented to him by President Lincoln. At this time Sherman was in Nashville, Tennessee. Grant left Washington immediately to join Sherman. Before leaving Washingto

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UNION

Gen. Ulysses S. Grant Maj. Gen. William S. Rosecrans Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger Maj. Gen. Thomas L. Crittenden Maj. Gen. Alexander McD. McCook...

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CONFEDERATE

Gen. Braxton Bragg Lt. Gen. James Longstreet Maj.-Gen. Simon B. Buckner Lt. Gen. Leonidas Polk Brig. Gen. John B. Hood Brig. Gen. Nathan B. Forrest Maj. Gen. Joseph Wheeler Lt. Gen. Daniel H. Hill In order that you may know where these high-ranking officers were from, the following offers an accurate account:...

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UNION

1. Gen. Grant was born in Point Pleasant, Ohio, April 27, 1822. Died in Mt. McGregor (near Saratoga), N. Y., July 23, 1885. 2. Gen. Rosecrans was born in Kingston, Ohio, Sept. 6, 1818. Died in Redondo, California, March 11, 1898. 3. Gen. Sherman was born in Lancaster, Ohio, Feb. 8, 1820. Died in New York, Feb. 14, 1891. 4. Gen. Thomas was born in Southhampton Co., Va., July 31, 1816. Died in San Francisco, California, March 28, 1870. 5. Gen. Hooker was born in Hadley, Mass., Nov. 13, 1814. Died

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CONFEDERATES

1. Gen. Bragg was born in Warren Co., N. C., March 22, 1817. Died in Galveston, Texas, Sept. 27, 1876. 2. Gen. Longstreet was born in Edgefield District, S. C., Jan. 8, 1821. Died in Gainesville, Georgia, Jan. 2, 1904. 3. Gen. Hood was born in Owingsville, Ky., June 1, 1831. Died in New Orleans, La., Aug. 30, 1879. 4. Gen. Buckner was born in Munfordville, Ky., April 1, 1823. Died at same place Jan. 8, 1914. 5. Gen. Polk was born in Raleigh, N. C., April 10, 1806. Killed by a cannon-ball on Pine

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CIVIL WAR PRISONS

While there were numerous Civil War Prisons, both in the North and South, it is believed that the following were the most prominent:...

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DID YOU KNOW THAT...

The first shot in the Civil War was fired upon the steamer “Star of the West” off Charleston Harbor, S. C., on Jan. 9, 1861. However, this was more than three months before the war officially started. The Civil War started with the bombardment of Fort Sumter, S. C., at 4:30 A. M., April 12, 1861. The first Southern blood was shed on the streets of Baltimore, Md., on April 19, 1861. The First Confederate Congress was formed in Montgomery, Ala., on Feb. 4, 1861. Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, wa

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HISTORIC SITES IN CHATTANOOGA

There are numerous headquarters sites in Chattanooga today which were very prominent during the Civil War. In order that you may know the exact location of these sites, they are as follows: The headquarters of Gen. U. S. Grant and his successor, Gen. William T. Sherman, is a frame house located at 110 East First Street, between Walnut and Cherry streets. The northeast corner of Fourth and Walnut streets marks the headquarters of Gen. James A. Garfield, Chief of Staff to Gen. Rosecrans, and Gen.

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UNION

The Army of the Cumberland (Union) commanded by Maj. Gen. William S. Rosecrans, consisted of the following: Thomas had 4 divisions, commanded by Baird, Negley, Brannan and Reynolds. Baird had 3 brigades, commanded by Scribner, Starkweather and John H. King. Negley had 3 brigades, commanded by John Beatty, Stanley and Sirwell. Brannan had 3 brigades, commanded by Connell, Croxton and Van Derveer. Reynolds had 3 brigades, commanded by Wilder, Edward A. King and Turchin. McCook had 3 divisions, com

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CONFEDERATE

The Army of Tennessee, commanded by Gen. Braxton Bragg, consisted of the following: Buckner’s Corps Hill’s Corps Longstreet’s (Hood’s) Corps Polk’s Corps Walker’s (Reserve) Corps Forrest’s (Cavalry) Corps Wheeler’s (Cavalry) Corps Buckner had 2 divisions, commanded by Stewart and Preston. Stewart had 3 brigades, commanded by Bates, Clayton and Brown. Preston had 3 brigades, commanded by Gracie, Trigg and Kelly. Hill had 2 divisions, commanded by Cleburne and Breckinridge. Cleburne had 3 brigades

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UNION TROOPS Connecticut

Infantry—5th and 20th....

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Illinois

Infantry—10th, 13th, 16th, 19th, 21st, 22nd, 24th, 25th, 26th, 27th, 29th, 34th, 35th, 36th, 38th, 40th, 42nd, 44th, 48th, 51st, 55th, 56th, 59th, 60th, 63rd, 73rd, 74th, 75th, 78th, 79th, 80th, 82nd, 84th, 85th, 86th, 88th, 89th, 90th, 92nd, 93rd, 96th, 100th, 101st, 103rd, 104th, 110th, 115th, 116th, 123rd, 125th, 127th. Artillery—Batteries, A, B, C, F, H, I, M, of 1st Illinois Light Artillery. Battery “I” of 2nd Illinois Light Artillery. Bridges’ Battery of Illinois Light Artillery. Chicago B

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Indiana

Infantry—6th, 9th, 10th, 12th, 15th, 17th, 22nd, 27th, 29th, 30th, 31st, 32nd, 35th, 36th, 37th, 38th, 39th, 40th, 42nd, 44th, 48th, 51st, 52nd, 57th, 58th, 59th, 68th, 72nd, 74th, 75th, 79th, 81st, 82nd, 83rd, 84th, 86th, 87th, 88th, 97th, 99th, 100th, 101st. Artillery—4th, 5th, 7th, 8th, 10th, 11th, 18th, 19th, 21st, Batteries of Indiana Light Artillery. Cavalry—2nd, 3rd, 4th....

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Iowa

Infantry—4th, 5th, 6th, 9th, 10th, 17th, 25th, 26th, 30th, 31st. Artillery—1st Battery of Iowa Light Artillery....

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Kansas

Infantry—8th....

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Kentucky (Union)

Infantry—1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 15th, 17th, 18th, 21st, 23rd. Cavalry—2nd, 4th, 5th, 6th....

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Maine

Infantry—1st Battalion 10th Infantry....

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Maryland

Infantry—3rd....

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Massachusetts

Infantry—2nd, 33rd....

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Michigan

Infantry—9th, 10th, 11th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 21st, 22nd. 1st Michigan Engineers. Cavalry—2nd, 4th. Artillery—Batteries “A” and “D” of 1st Light Artillery....

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Minnesota

Infantry—2nd, 4th. Artillery—2nd Battery of Minnesota Light Artillery....

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Missouri (Union)

Infantry—2nd, 3rd, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th, 15th, 17th, 24th, 26th, 27th, 29th, 31st, 32nd. Artillery—Batteries “D” and “G” of 1st Light Artillery. Battery “F” of 2nd Light Artillery....

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New Jersey

Infantry—13th, 33rd....

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New York

Infantry—8th (Independent Co.), 45th, 58th, 60th, 68th, 78th, 102nd, 107th, 119th, 123rd, 134th, 136th, 137th, 141st, 143rd, 145th, 149th, 150th, 154th. Artillery—Battery “I” of 1st Light Artillery. 13th Battery of Light Artillery....

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Ohio

Infantry—1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th, 7th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 21st, 24th, 26th, 29th, 30th, 31st, 33rd, 35th, 36th, 37th, 38th, 40th, 41st, 46th, 47th, 49th, 51st, 52nd, 53rd, 54th, 55th, 57th, 59th, 61st, 64th, 65th, 66th, 69th, 70th, 73rd, 74th, 76th, 80th, 82nd, 89th, 90th, 92nd, 93rd, 94th, 97th, 98th, 99th, 101st, 105th, 108th, 113th, 121st, 124th, 125th. 1st Battalion Sharpshooters. Artillery—Batteries A, B, C, D, E, F, G, I, K, M, of 1st Ohio Light Artillery.

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Pennsylvania

Infantry—27th, 28th, 29th, 46th, 73rd, 75th, 77th, 78th, 79th, 109th, 111th. Artillery—Batteries “B” and “E” of Pennsylvania Light Artillery. Battery “B” of 26th Pennsylvania Independent Artillery. Cavalry—7th, 9th, 15th....

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West Virginia

Infantry—4th....

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Wisconsin

Infantry—1st, 3rd, 10th, 15th, 18th, 21st, 24th, 26th. Artillery—3rd, 5th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th, Batteries of Light Artillery. Company “C” of 1st Heavy Artillery. Cavalry—1st....

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Tennessee (Union)

Artillery—Battery “A” of 1st Tennessee Light Artillery. Cavalry—1st, 2nd....

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U. S. Regulars

Infantry—15th, 16th, 18th, 19th. 1st Battalion of 13th. Artillery—Batteries G, H, I, M of 4th U. S. Artillery. Batteries H and K of 5th U. S. Artillery. Cavalry—4th....

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CONFEDERATE TROOPS Alabama

Infantry—4th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 22nd, 23rd, 24th, 25th, 28th, 30th, 31st, 32nd, 33rd, 34th, 36th, 37th, 38th, 39th, 40th, 41st, 42nd, 43rd, 44th, 45th, 46th, 47th, 48th, 50th, 58th. 17th Battalion Sharpshooters; 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th Alabama Battalions; 18th Alabama Battalion; Hilliard’s Legion; Stone’s Battalion Sharpshooters. Cavalry—1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 51st, 53rd, Holloway’s Company Alabama Cavalry; Lenoir’s Company Alabama Cavalry; Malone’s Regiment Alabama Cavalry; More

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Arkansas

Infantry—1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 13th, 15th, 19th, 24th, 25th, 31st. 4th Arkansas Battalion; 1st and 2nd Arkansas Mounted Rifles. Cavalry—3rd. Artillery—Calvert’s, Humphrey’s, Wiggins’ Arkansas Batteries....

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Florida

Infantry—1st, 3rd, 4th, 6th, 7th. Cavalry—1st (Dismounted). Artillery—McCant’s Florida Battery....

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Georgia

Infantry—1st Georgia (Confederate), 2nd, 5th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 20th, 24th, 25th, 29th, 30th, 34th, 36th, 37th, 39th, 40th, 41st, 42nd, 43rd, 46th, 47th, 50th, 51st, 52nd, 53rd, 56th, 59th, 65th. 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 8th Battalions Sharpshooters; 26th Georgia Battalion: Cobbs’s and Phillip’s Legion; 1st, 3rd, 5th, 8th and 10th Confederates. Cavalry—1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 6th. Artillery—Corput’s, Dawson’s, Ferrell’s, Havis’, Howell’s, Massenburg’s, Peeple’s, Rowan’

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Kentucky (Confederate)

Infantry—2nd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 9th. John H. Morgan’s dismounted men. Cavalry—1st, 2nd, 3rd, 9th. Clay’s, Jessee’s, Johnson’s Battalions Cavalry. Artillery—Cobb’s and Graves’ Kentucky Batteries....

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Louisiana

Infantry—1st (Regulars), 13th, 16th, 19th, 20th, 25th. 4th and 14th Battalions Sharpshooters. Cavalry—1st. Dreux’s and Greenleaf’s Company Louisiana Cavalry. Artillery—LeGardeur’s, Moody’s, Robinson’s (1 section), Slocomb’s Louisiana Batteries....

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Mississippi

Infantry—5th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 13th, 17th, 18th, 21st, 24th, 27th, 29th, 30th, 32nd, 34th, 41st, 44th, 45th. Pound’s Battalion Sharpshooters; 9th and 15th Battalions Sharpshooters. Cavalry—Foule’s Company Mississippi Cavalry. Artillery—Darden’s, Smith’s, Standford’s, Sweet’s, Mississippi Batteries. Warren’s Battery of Mississippi Light Artillery....

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Missouri (Confederate)

Infantry—None. Cavalry—None. Artillery—Barret’s and Bledsoe’s Missouri Batteries....

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North Carolina

Infantry—29th, 39th, 58th, 60th. Cavalry—6th. Artillery—None....

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South Carolina

Infantry—1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 15th, 16th, 19th, 24th. 3rd Battalion; 2nd South Carolina Rifles; Hampton’s Legion; Palmetto Sharpshooters. Artillery—Culpepper’s, Ferguson’s, Fickling’s, James’ South Carolina Batteries....

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Tennessee (Confederate)

Infantry—1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 23rd, 24th, 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th, 29th, 30th, 31st, 32nd, 33rd, 35th, 37th, 38th, 39th, 41st, 43rd, 44th, 45th, 47th, 48th, 50th, 51st, 52nd, 59th, 63rd, 154th. 1st and 23rd Tennessee Battalions; Murray’s Tennessee Battalions; 3rd and 4th Provisional Army; 24th Battalion Sharpshooters; Dawson’s Battalion Sharpshooters; 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 9th Confederates. Cavalry—1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th, 6t

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Texas

Infantry—1st, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 9th, 10th. Cavalry—8th, 10th, 11th, 14th, 15th, 17th, 18th, 24th, 25th, 32nd. (10th, 14th, 15th, 17th, 32nd dismounted—serving as infantry). Artillery—Douglas’ Texas Battery....

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Virginia

Infantry—54th, 63rd. Cavalry—Edmundson’s Battalion Cavalry. Artillery—Jeffress’, Jordan’s, Parker’s, Taylor’s and Woolfolk’s Virginia Batteries. NOTE: Copies of this Booklet will be mailed direct, postpaid, upon receipt of 50 cents to— J. L. ROGERS 3203 Dayton Blvd. CHATTANOOGA, TENNESSEE Lookout Mountain Incline. The world’s largest, safest, steepest passenger Incline. A direct route to beautiful Point Park, the outstanding feature on Lookout Mountain....

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