48 chapters
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Selected Chapters
48 chapters
INTRODUCTION.
INTRODUCTION.
At the close of every revolution in a country, there is observed an effort for the gradual and general expulsion of all that is effete, or tends to retard progress; and as the nation comes forth from its purification with its existence renewed and invigorated, a better and higher civilization is promised. Before entering upon such an effort, it is usual to compute the aid rendered in the past struggle for national existence, and the present status of the auxiliaries in connection with it. In thi
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CHAPTER I. GENEALOGY.
CHAPTER I. GENEALOGY.
It has always been admitted that the early slaves of America were the vanquished of the wars waged among rival tribes of Africa. Among these were kings, chiefs, and their families, accustomed to state and circumstance, consigned to slavery in accordance with the laws of their warfare. From these early slaves the colored people of the United States are descended; and some of these captive kings and princes, it naturally follows, were the progenitors of some of the colored people of this continent
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CHAPTER II. EARLY EDUCATION.
CHAPTER II. EARLY EDUCATION.
In the recent struggle through which the nation has passed, like convulsions, sometimes, of certain portions of the physical world, old features and landmarks are swept away, and new features are apparent, developing on the surface, the existence of which very little, if anything, was heretofore known. A class has been invoked into action, to whose sublime patience and enduring heroism the genius of poetry will turn for inspiration, while future historians, recognizing evidences of the true stat
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CHAPTER III. STUDYING NORTH.
CHAPTER III. STUDYING NORTH.
In directing his footsteps to Pittsburg, Fortune favored the student in a degree wonderful for that time, while she chilled the energies of the man in later years. There he was compelled to labor faithfully, at whatever work his hands found to do, in order to continue his studies. Fortunately for him, a way was opened from sources least expected at that time. Great efforts were being made by the colored people themselves, at Pittsburg, to advance their educational interests, together with other
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CHAPTER IV. MORAL EFFORTS.
CHAPTER IV. MORAL EFFORTS.
In 1834 Major Delany was actively engaged in the organization of several associations for the relief of the poor of the city, and for the moral elevation of his people. Among them was the first total abstinence society ever formed among the colored people; and another known as the Philanthropic Society, which, while formed ostensibly for benevolent purposes, relative to the indigent of the city, was really the foundation of one of the great links connecting the slaves with their immediate friend
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CHAPTER V. EDITORIAL CAREER.
CHAPTER V. EDITORIAL CAREER.
He returned to Pittsburg in the midst of the presidential campaign resulting in the election of General Harrison. Finding political feeling high, as it is always on such occasions, he speedily received the infection, and threw himself forward in the political arena. Early in 1843 he became too well aware, by sad experience, of the inability of the colored people to bring their inflicted wrongs and injustices before the public, in consequence of not having a press willing at all times to espouse
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CHAPTER VI. PRACTISING MEDICINE.
CHAPTER VI. PRACTISING MEDICINE.
After a brilliant and useful editorial career, Delany dissolved his connection with the North Star on the 1st of June, 1849. An incident in connection with this is related, which seems appropriate here, as illustrating his earnestness in behalf of the paper, though personally disinterested. On his leaving the North Star, he was solicited, through correspondence from Ohio, to take charge of a paper in the interest of the colored people of that state. This he declined; and, after setting forth his
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CHAPTER VII. FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT.
CHAPTER VII. FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT.
A remarkable effort of this still more remarkable man is remembered, from which unmistakable evidences of the character of the individual, and that of his future line of conduct, are drawn. It was on the occasion of the passage of that crowning triumph of the slave power, conceded by the obsequious North to them, remembered as the atrocious Fugitive Slave Act. While this bill was under consideration, as in other dishonorable political enactments affecting the interests of the colored people, the
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CHAPTER VIII. A HIATUS.
CHAPTER VIII. A HIATUS.
His career thus far in life, while generally successful, had also its portion of failures as well as triumphs. Two, of a marked character, occurred about the winter of 1851-2. Their ill success seemed rather to belong to the method pursued in presenting them, than to the capability of the man to make them meritorious. He had left Pittsburg for New York to make certain arrangements necessary for obtaining a caveat , preparatory to an application to the department at Washington for a patent for an
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CHAPTER IX. CANADA.—CAPTAIN JOHN BROWN.
CHAPTER IX. CANADA.—CAPTAIN JOHN BROWN.
In February, 1856, he removed to Chatham, Kent County, Canada, where he continued the practice of medicine. While his “visiting list” gave evidence of a respectable practice, his fees were not in proportion to it. His practice embraced a great portion of those who were refugees from American slavery; hence his income here did not exceed that acquired at Pittsburg. Here his activity found wider scope, and new fields of labor were opened to him. It was not likely that one of such marked character
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CHAPTER X. CANADA CONVENTION.—HARPER’S FERRY.
CHAPTER X. CANADA CONVENTION.—HARPER’S FERRY.
It seems remarkable that the man whom Providence had chosen to warn a guilty nation of its danger, and through whom the African race in America received the boon of freedom, which is but a prelude to the entire abolition of slavery on the western continent, should be sent first to Major Delany in Canada, through whom alone he considered himself able to perfect the plans necessary to begin the great work! Certainly the ways of Providence are beyond mortal comprehension. The extraordinary kindness
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CHAPTER XI. IN EUROPE.
CHAPTER XI. IN EUROPE.
After his expedition into Central Africa, gratified at the success of his discoveries, as well as the knowledge acquired concerning the people, among whom he found evidences of a higher civilization than that which travellers accredit them, he departed for Europe, and arrived at Liverpool May 12, 1860, where remaining for three days, he entered London on the evening of May 15. Here he received marked attentions from gentlemen of the highest social and public position. Three days after his arriva
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CHAPTER XII. THE INTERNATIONAL STATISTICAL CONGRESS AND LORD BROUGHAM.
CHAPTER XII. THE INTERNATIONAL STATISTICAL CONGRESS AND LORD BROUGHAM.
While in London transacting business connected with the exploration, it was Delany’s privilege to attain a distinction never before reached by a colored American under like auspices. At this time he appeared more prominently before the American public, owing to his presence in that august assembly known as the International Statistical Congress, presided over by His Royal Highness Albert, Prince Consort of England. At this Congress had convened the most intellectual and distinguished representat
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CHAPTER XIII. RETURN TO AMERICA.
CHAPTER XIII. RETURN TO AMERICA.
As Delany was desirous of contributing his aid to the suppression of the rebellion, in various ways he offered to make his services acceptable, which being of no avail, as northern ingenuity had not yet discovered the latent powers of black muscles, he was forced to remain an unwilling looker-on while others bore the part he believed assigned to his race. While thus unemployed, he accepted the advice of gentlemen of influence and standing, among whom were the Hon. F. S. Gregory and the Rev. Dr.
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CHAPTER XIV. CORPS D’AFRIQUE.
CHAPTER XIV. CORPS D’AFRIQUE.
As early as October, 1861, Dr. Delany, when en route to Chicago, stopped at Adrian, Michigan, for the purpose of seeing President Mahan, of the Michigan College. The subject of the war, which was then being earnestly waged, instantly became the theme of conversation, and the rôle of the colored American as an actor on its board was the principal feature therein. How and what to do to obtain admission to the service, was the question to which Dr. Delany demanded a solution. He stated that it had
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CHAPTER XV. A STEP TOWARDS THE SERVICE.
CHAPTER XV. A STEP TOWARDS THE SERVICE.
While completing his last lectures of the course in Chicago, the order was granted by the department to raise the famous Fifty-fourth Massachusetts Volunteers, whose fame is enhanced by the glorious burial of its brave young commander with his dusky guards, and the memories of Forts Wagner and Olustee. For this regiment he received the appointment of acting assistant agent, under Charles L. Remond and Charles H. Langston, Esq., for recruiting, and acting examining surgeon for the post of Chicago
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CHAPTER XVI. RECRUITING AS IT WAS.
CHAPTER XVI. RECRUITING AS IT WAS.
We take the following, on the subject of recruiting, with its light and shadows as viewed by him. Whatever of good or evil was entailed in his regulations, with him the responsibility rested. He says, “On entering this service, there was no guide, no precedent; but every one, however ignorant, assumed and pursued a course, in many instances, unjust to the recruit, and detrimental to the service, and at once dishonorable, but subservient to his own selfish ends. This was apparent, and at once mad
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CHAPTER XVII. CHANGING POSITION.
CHAPTER XVII. CHANGING POSITION.
The appointment of the black major of infantry, at the time of its public announcement, created considerable discussion. As the causes leading to it have never yet been publicly known, to gratify a legitimate curiosity, we will give it, beginning with the materials with which he wrought out the claims of his people to the national consideration. Like every intelligent observer of events, he had noted that while the rebellion had progressed considerably, the status of the colored people had shown
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CHAPTER XVIII. PRIVATE COUNCIL AT WASHINGTON.
CHAPTER XVIII. PRIVATE COUNCIL AT WASHINGTON.
The 6th of February, 1865, found him in Washington, for the purpose of having an interview, if possible, with President Lincoln and the secretary of war. To his friend, the Rev. Henry Highland Garnet, whose guest he was, he made known the principles on which he based his intended interview. Mr. Garnet, living in Washington, and cognizant of every measure inaugurated among the colored people relative to the war, and remembering their ill success with the executive, at first attempted to discourag
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CHAPTER XIX. THE COUNCIL-CHAMBER.—PRESIDENT LINCOLN.
CHAPTER XIX. THE COUNCIL-CHAMBER.—PRESIDENT LINCOLN.
We give in Major Delany’s own language his interview with President Lincoln. He tells us, “On entering the executive chamber, and being introduced to his excellency, a generous grasp and shake of the hand brought me to a seat in front of him. No one could mistake the fact that an able and master spirit was before me. Serious without sadness, and pleasant withal, he was soon seated, placing himself at ease, the better to give me a patient audience. He opened the conversation first. “‘What can I d
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CHAPTER XX. THE GOLD LEAF.
CHAPTER XX. THE GOLD LEAF.
No Sabbath in war times, we are told, and there was no exception in this case. The following morning (Sabbath), in accordance with the appointment, Delany reported himself at the office of the adjutant general, who accompanied him to the war department. Here the secretary, making the necessary inquiries of the adjutant, received the parchment from him. History repeated itself—the Hebrew in the palaces, the Hun in high places. At that moment the great war minister of our revolution, affixing his
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CHAPTER XXI. IN THE FIELD.
CHAPTER XXI. IN THE FIELD.
The appointment of the black officer was received, as such advanced measures are generally, with comments of all shades. By the friends of progress it was hailed with general satisfaction. True there was, prior to his appointment, one of like rank, but differing in position—that of Dr. Augusta, of Canada, who was accepted after a most rigid examination, as is customary in such cases. But in the appointment of this field officer there existed an indisputable recognition of the claims of his race
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CHAPTER XXII. AT CHARLESTON AND FORT SUMTER.
CHAPTER XXII. AT CHARLESTON AND FORT SUMTER.
The excitement attending the scenes of the evacuation of the city and its occupation by the Union forces was scarcely lulled, when it rose again on the arrival of the “black major,” to whom the rumor preceding his advent had given the rank of Major General . Arriving in the city on the Sabbath, when most of the people were gathered at the various places of worship, the news soon became noised about. And from the early forenoon until long after nightfall, a continuous stream of visitors poured in
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CHAPTER XXIII. ARMÉE D’AFRIQUE.
CHAPTER XXIII. ARMÉE D’AFRIQUE.
Immediately after the restoration of the flag, active duty was resumed by the military at Charleston, and none more heartily rejoiced at the prospect of beginning his work than did Major Delany. Without loss of time, independent quarters were assigned him, equal to those of other officers, this being by special orders from the war department; it was also ordered that he should report directly to Brevet Major General Saxton, and detailed subordinates were placed at his command. The residence assi
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CHAPTER XXIV. THE NATIONAL CALAMITY.
CHAPTER XXIV. THE NATIONAL CALAMITY.
None in all the land can forget when the telegraph flashed the fearful news upon us. But if there was sorrow felt by one class more than another, we must look to the freedmen of the South, to whom the name of Lincoln and the government meant one and the same—all justice and goodness. On the morning of the 18th of April (communications being so irregular then), the beauty of the morning and the surroundings seeming to charm the senses, happiness came upon many a hitherto scowling face, while a se
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CHAPTER XXV. CAMP OF INSTRUCTION.
CHAPTER XXV. CAMP OF INSTRUCTION.
The 105th Regiment United States Colored Troops was now ordered to be raised, and Lieutenant Colonel Hutchins to take command. This was designed to form the basis of the camp of instruction, with the colonel as commander. This, at the time, was of vast importance in character, interest, and purpose, as well as great in the object of its establishment. The importance of this will not seem to be overestimated, because it must be borne in mind that no authentic action of the military had yet been o
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CHAPTER XXVI. EXTRAORDINARY MESSAGES.
CHAPTER XXVI. EXTRAORDINARY MESSAGES.
The headquarters of Major Delany were most desirable and attractive; but it was, at the same time, easy of access to any one contemplating mischief. The parlor, library, museum, and private study, continuously arranged on the first floor from the basement, with glass doors, with outer Venetian blinds, extending from the ceiling to the floor, all opened upon a piazza, supported by massive columns; the parlor being the office of the major, the library and museum the office of the under clerks, the
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CHAPTER XXVII. NEWS FROM RICHMOND.
CHAPTER XXVII. NEWS FROM RICHMOND.
The interest in recruiting had in no wise abated, and the major’s headquarters gave evidences daily of this fact. At every public gathering the movement concerning the new troops was discussed. But in the midst of the most active preparations and hopeful anticipations news reached Charleston, simultaneously with that of the national calamity, that Lee had surrendered. At this moment, when the recollection of that important epoch of the war returns to the mind, it is difficult to determine which
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I. PROSPECTS OF THE FREEDMEN OF HILTON HEAD.
I. PROSPECTS OF THE FREEDMEN OF HILTON HEAD.
Every true friend of the Union, residing on the island, must feel an interest in the above subject, regardless of any other consideration than that of national polity. Have the blacks become self-sustaining? and will they ever, in a state of freedom, resupply the products which comprised the staples formerly of the old planters? These are questions of importance, and not unworthy of the consideration of grave political economists. That the blacks of the island have not been self-sustaining will
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II.
II.
This subject must now he examined in the light of political economy, and, for reasons stated in a previous article, treated tersely in every sentence, and, therefore, will not be condemned by the absence of elaboration and extensive proof. America was discovered in 1492—then peopled only by the original inhabitants, or Indians, as afterwards called. No part of the country was found in a state of cultivation, and no industrial enterprise was carried on, either foreign or domestic. Not even in the
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V.
V.
As shown in my last article, these people are the lineal descendants of an industrious, hardy race of men—those whom the most powerful and accomplished statesmen and political economists of the great states of Europe, after years of trial and rigid experience, decided upon and selected as the element best adapted to develop in a strange and foreign clime—a new world of unbroken soil and dense, impenetrable forests—the industry and labor necessary to the new life. This cannot and will not be atte
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VI.
VI.
Mr. Editor: This is my sixth article on the subject of the “Prospects of the Freedmen of Hilton Head” Island, which you have so generously admitted into the columns of The New South, and for which liberality towards a recently liberated people, I most heartily thank you. The time may come when they, for themselves, may be able to thank you. I hope to conclude with my next. After what has been adduced in proof of their susceptibility, adaptation, and propensity for the vocations of the domestic a
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VII.
VII.
I propose to conclude the subject of “ The Prospects of the Freedmen of Hilton Head ” with this article, and believe that the prospects of the one are the prospects of the whole population of freedmen throughout the South. Political economy must stand most prominent as the leading feature of this great question of the elevation of the negro—and it is a great question—in this country, because, however humane and philanthropic, however Christian and philanthropic we may be, except we can be made t
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CHAPTER XXIX. GENERAL SICKLES.
CHAPTER XXIX. GENERAL SICKLES.
Major Delany was opposed openly in every advanced step he made, as stated before; hence, to accomplish any new measure of his relative to his office, he was compelled to resort to strategy. Before, oppositions of various characters were placed in his way, but he never permitted himself to be disturbed by them. He was actually forbidden to address the freedmen on public occasions concerning their rights; he spoke through the voice of the press, to the public at large, of their wrongs, and it foun
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CHAPTER XXX. RESTORING DOMESTIC RELATIONS.
CHAPTER XXX. RESTORING DOMESTIC RELATIONS.
On Delany’s return to his post, encouraged by the approval of the commanding general, he again turned his attention to resuscitating the lulled industrial powers of the people, by vigorously urging and aiding, in his official capacity, the reproduction of the staples which were once the traffic of the South. The triple alliance system had now become popular, and his office was always thronged by those seeking advice, of all classes, blacks and whites, ex-slaves and ex-slaveholders. This will be
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CHAPTER XXXI. GENERAL ROBERT K. SCOTT.
CHAPTER XXXI. GENERAL ROBERT K. SCOTT.
The affairs of the Bureau promised a change in the advent of its new chief, in the person of Brevet Major General Scott. He entered upon the duties of his office in a most spirited and independent manner. In many respects, it was thought, his administration was better adapted to the times than was the former general’s. The rebels, encouraged by the smiles of their friends in high places, were fast resuming their old practices, and the status of the Bureau was scarcely recognized. General Scott h
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CHAPTER XXXII. THE PLANTERS AND THE FREEDMEN’S BUREAU.
CHAPTER XXXII. THE PLANTERS AND THE FREEDMEN’S BUREAU.
As the season for contracting with the freedmen of the islands approached, the old planters from the main land and sea islands could be seen hastening to the quarters of the “black major” for consultation with him. The picture of the statesman warrior of St. Domingo, surrounded by the conquered and impoverished planters of the island, dictating terms to them, was again reproduced in our time, with the black officer in the foreground as the chief figure, giving law to the planters of South Caroli
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CHAPTER XXXIII. DOMESTIC ECONOMY.
CHAPTER XXXIII. DOMESTIC ECONOMY.
Around Major Delany’s district, there being evidence of an abundant harvest, the movements of persons designing to reap large profits, to the detriment of the freedmen, were apparent. With a view of frustrating their designs, he suggested proper measures to obviate the difficulty, which we find in his general report made to headquarters, dated March 1, 1867, for the year 1866. Therein he gave his views, showing the necessity of important changes in the industrial pursuits of the freedmen; also t
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CHAPTER XXXIV. CIVIL AFFAIRS.—PRESIDENT JOHNSON.
CHAPTER XXXIV. CIVIL AFFAIRS.—PRESIDENT JOHNSON.
Major Delany was fully cognizant of the exceeding delicacy of his position, filling, as he was, a position of trust and honor such as no man of his race had ever yet obtained under the general government; and how easily it could be compromised in his case ! yet his old ardor in contributing his efforts in building up any measure, or uprooting whatever opposition presented itself in the onward march of his race, remained unabated. Notwithstanding his position in the army, yet to every one aware o
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CHAPTER XXXV. EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS.
CHAPTER XXXV. EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS.
Of the military gentlemen stationed at the post of Hilton Head, the major writes thus: “In addition to these high-toned military gentlemen, already named as aiding me, and making easy as well as pleasant the duties of my office in the bureau, I with pleasure acknowledge my indebtedness to Lieutenant Colonel Thompson, Assistant Provost Marshal General, Lieutenant Colonel Bennett, 21st United States Colored Troops, and Lieutenant Colonel O. Moore, who expelled John Morgan from Ohio, Colonel Dougla
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CHAPTER XXXVI. CONCLUSION.
CHAPTER XXXVI. CONCLUSION.
The order for mustering out the remaining volunteer officers was long anticipated, and anxiously looked for by these officers, and by none more than by Major Delany, who, as sub-assistant commissioner of the Bureau distinct of Hilton Head would be affected by this. At last it was received, as will be seen by the following document. While upon this subject, a humorous anecdote, bearing on this subject, may be related. While awaiting the order, about the middle of December, he visited the headquar
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African Commission.
African Commission.
The president and officers of the General Board of Commissioners, viz., W. H. Day, A. M., President, Matisen F. Bailey, Vice-President, George W. Brodie, Secretary, James Madison Bell, Treasurer, Alfred Whipple, Auditor, Dr. Martin R. Delany, Special Foreign Secretary, Abram D. Shadd, James Henry Harris, and Isaac D. Shadd, the executive council in behalf of the organization for the promotion of the political and other interests of the colored inhabitants of North America, particularly the Unite
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Reflections on the War.
Reflections on the War.
One important fact developed during this gigantic civil war, and which could not have escaped the general and mature intelligent observer as a result of the struggle, and so contrary to concessions under the old relations of the Union, is, that no great statesmen were produced on the part of the South; although at the commencement, at the Montgomery Convention, or Provisional Congress, August, 1861, their independence was declared, and consequently must have been fully matured, not a measure was
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The International Policy of the World towards the African Race.
The International Policy of the World towards the African Race.
One of the highest pretensions set up in favor of the enslavement of the African race is its inferiority. If the Britons, Caledonians, Hibernians, and others of the Celtic as well as Teuton and pure Caucasian races had never been enslaved; if Caractacus, the king and proudest prince the British ever had up to that period, had not been led in chains, and sold by order of Julius Cæsar, with many other British slaves, in the public market of Rome; if the British nobles, long years ago, had not writ
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Political Destiny of the Colored Race on the American Continent.
Political Destiny of the Colored Race on the American Continent.
To the Colored Inhabitants of the United States :— Fellow-Countrymen: The duty assigned us is an important one, comprehending all that pertains to our destiny and that of our posterity, present and prospectively. And while it must be admitted that the subject is one of the greatest magnitude, requiring all that talents, prudence, and wisdom might adduce, and while it would be folly to pretend to give you the combined result of these three agencies, we shall satisfy ourselves with doing our duty
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OLIVER OPTIC’S BOOKS.
OLIVER OPTIC’S BOOKS.
A Library of Travel and Adventure in Foreign Lands. 16mo. Illustrated by Stevens, Perkins, and others. Per vol., $1.50. First Series. Starry Flag Series. To be completed in six volumes. Illustrated. Per volume, $1.25. Comprising: The Soldier-Boy Series. Three vols., illustrated, in neat box. Per vol., $1.50. Comprising: The Sailor-Boy Series. Woodville Stories. Uniform with Library for Young People. Six vols., 16mo. Illustrated, in neat box. Per vol., $1.25. Comprising: Famous “Boat-Club” Series
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SOPHIE MAY’S BOOKS.
SOPHIE MAY’S BOOKS.
Little Prudy Stories. By Sophie May. Now complete. Six vols., 24mo, handsomely illustrated, in a neat box. Per volume, 75 cts. Comprising: Dotty Dimple Stories. To be completed in six volumes. Illustrated by T. Nast. Per volume, 75 cts. Comprising: Rosa Abbott Stories. By Rosa Abbott. To be completed in six volumes. Illustrated. Per volume, $1.00. Comprising: The Helping-Hand Series. By May Mannering. To be completed in six volumes. Illustrated. Per volume, $1.00. Comprising: The Jutland Series.
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Recently Published:
Recently Published:
From the Oak to the Olive. A Plain Record of a Pleasant Journey. By Mrs. Julia Ward Howe. 12mo. Cloth, $2.00. Golden Truths. A beautiful gift book, in prose and verse. $2.00. Human Life in Shakespeare. By Henry Giles. 12mo. Cloth, $2.00. Ekkoes from Kentucky. By Petroleum V. Nasby, P. M. (wich is Post Master.) Illustrated by Thomas Nast. $1.50. “ Swingin’ Round the Cirkle. ” A new volume by Petroleum V. Nasby; containing his late humorous contributions to our political history, with new matter n
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