Latin America And The United States - free ebook by Elihu Root

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Latin America And The United States

Elihu Root

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FOREWORD

FOREWORD

The visit of the Secretary of State to South America in 1906 was not a summer outing. It was not an ordinary event; it was and it was intended to be a matter of international importance. It was the first time that a Secretary of State had visited South America during the tenure of his office, and the visit was designed to show the importance which the United States attaches to the Pan American conferences, and by personal contact to learn the aims and views of our southern friends, and to show a

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THE THIRD CONFERENCE OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS RIO DE JANEIRO, JULY 31, 1906

THE THIRD CONFERENCE OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS RIO DE JANEIRO, JULY 31, 1906

As Secretary of State Mr. Root was ex-officio chairman of the Governing Board of the Bureau of American Republics, now called the Pan American Union. As chairman, he took a very great interest in considering and arranging the program of the third conference which was to meet in Rio de Janeiro on July 23, 1906. Indeed, he was so deeply interested in the conference of the American republics upon the eve of the meeting of the Second Hague Peace Conference, that he decided to visit Rio de Janeiro du

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BANQUET OF THE MINISTER FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS

BANQUET OF THE MINISTER FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS

Minister for Foreign Affairs Rio de Janeiro, July 28, 1906 The enthusiastic and cordial welcome you have received in Brazil must certainly have convinced you that this country is a true friend of yours. This friendship is of long standing. It dates from the first days of our independence, which the Government of the United States was the first to recognize, as the Government of Brazil was the first to applaud the terms and spirit of the declarations contained in the famous message of President M

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ADDRESSES IN THE CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES

ADDRESSES IN THE CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES

Speech of Doctor Paula Guimarães August 2, 1906 The Chamber of Deputies feels itself honored by the presence of Mr. Elihu Root, Secretary of State of the United States of America. The distinguished member of the Government of our great sister republic, whose coming to this country is a mark of regard and esteem which is very flattering to us and which will never be forgotten, has already had opportunity to ascertain how deep and sincere are the sentiments of sympathy which the people of Brazil f

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SÃO PAULO

SÃO PAULO

Speech of Theodomiro de Camargo At a Mass-Meeting of Students of the Law School, in front of the Palacio Chaves, August 4, 1906 The Law School of São Paulo is the tabernacle of our proudest ideals, of our most grateful traditions. Thence departed the first champions of liberty for the holy crusade of the slaves' liberation; there expanded and strengthened the republican ideas that caused the fall of the monarchy; thence have come almost all our rulers and leading men. It is in the name of that s

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SANTOS

SANTOS

Speech of Doctor Rezende At the Commercial Association of Santos, August 7, 1906 On behalf of the Board of Directors of the Commercial Association of Santos, I bid you welcome. The men gathered in this hall to greet you are cosmopolitan in character—Americans, Europeans, and Brazilians—men who have united their best efforts in the great movement of distributing coffee throughout the whole world. Coffee is our staple product, and for many years to come is bound to be the backbone of our financial

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PARÁ

PARÁ

Speech of His Excellency Augusto Montenegro Governor of the State of Pará In the City of Pará (Belem), at a Breakfast given by him to Mr. Root July 17, 1906 I will say but a few words in offering the health of Mr. Root, the very illustrious Secretary of State of the United States of North America. I regret exceedingly that Mr. Root should have only a few hours available to remain among us; but I know that his time is limited and that he cannot remain among us without inconvenience; however, I ho

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PERNAMBUCO

PERNAMBUCO

Summary of Speech of His Excellency Sigismundo Gonçalvez Governor of the State of Pernambuco At a Breakfast given by him to Mr. Root, in the City of Pernambuco (Recife), July 22, 1906 His Excellency Sigismundo Gonçalvez, Governor of Pernambuco, said that he had never felt so strong a desire to speak English in order to express the satisfaction he felt at receiving the distinguished visitor, and after wishing the Secretary a very pleasant and prosperous voyage, proposed the health of President Ro

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BAHIA

BAHIA

Speech of His Excellency Senhor Doctor José Marcelino de Souza Governor of Bahia At a Banquet given by him to Mr. Root, at Bahia, July 24, 1906 It is not without reason that the entire world is elated at the grand spectacle exhibited in the New World congregating its free and independent peoples in order to lay the foundations of a lasting peace. In fact, the Old World looks on with sincere admiration at the complete demolition of the ancient precepts of international law. Ever since the right o

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MONTEVIDEO

MONTEVIDEO

Speech of His Excellency José Romeu Minister for Foreign Affairs At a Banquet given by him to Mr. Root, August 10, 1906 When, after plowing through the waters of the Caribbean Sea and running along the eastern coast of Brazil the North American cruiser Charleston entered the magnificent bay of Rio de Janeiro, I had the opportunity of sending to the illustrious representative of the United States, who today is our distinguished guest, a telegraphic greeting on the occasion of his arrival in South

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BUENOS AYRES

BUENOS AYRES

Address of Honorable Emilio Mitre In Reference to the Visit of Mr. Root, in the Chamber of Deputies July 4, 1906 This speech, delivered before Mr. Root reached Buenos Ayres, had an intimate relation to his reception. Within a few weeks, Mr. President, Buenos Ayres will receive the visit of an eminent personality of the United States, Mr. Elihu Root, who is discharging in that country the duties of Secretary of State. The Executive of the nation, having official knowledge of the visit of Mr. Root

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BANQUET AT THE GOVERNMENT HOUSE

BANQUET AT THE GOVERNMENT HOUSE

Speech of His Excellency Dr. J. Figueroa Alcorta President of Argentina At a Banquet given by him, August 14, 1906 The American republics are at this moment tightening their traditional bonds at a congress of fraternity whose importance has been indicated by the presence of our illustrious guest, who passes across the continent as the herald of the civilization of a great people. The world's conscience being awakened by the progress of public thought, the members of the family of nations are try

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RECEPTION BY AMERICAN AND ENGLISH RESIDENTS

RECEPTION BY AMERICAN AND ENGLISH RESIDENTS

Speech of Mr. Francis B. Purdie At St. George's Hall, August 16, 1906 Americans resident in Buenos Ayres and in the Argentine Republic are sensible of the honor you have done them by accepting their invitation for this evening, and they appreciate most highly the courtesy of the Argentine Government, whose distinguished guest you are, in allowing them this coveted privilege. As Americans we welcome you to Buenos Ayres, and it is our earnest hope that your visit here will bind more closely the ti

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BANQUET AT THE OPERA HOUSE

BANQUET AT THE OPERA HOUSE

Speech of Dr. Luis M. Drago President of the Reception Committee August 17, 1906 The large gathering here assembled, representative of all that Buenos Ayres has of the most notable in science, letters, industry, and commerce, has conferred on me the signal honor of designating me to offer this banquet to the eminent minister of one of the greatest nations of the earth, a nation linked to us from the very beginning by many and very real sentiments of moral and political solidarity. This country h

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SANTIAGO

SANTIAGO

Speech of His Excellency Jermán Riesco President of the Republic At the Government House, September 1, 1906 I greet you and welcome you in the name of the people and of the Government of Chile, who receive your visit with the liveliest satisfaction. Your attendance at the congress of fraternity which the American republics have just held; your visit to the neighboring countries, which we have followed with the greatest interest; and your presence amongst us, upon the invitation which we had the

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BANQUET OF THE PRESIDENT

BANQUET OF THE PRESIDENT

Speech of His Excellency Antonio Huneeus Minister for Foreign Affairs At the Moneda, September 2, 1906 I extend to you the welcome of the people and of the Government. Heartily do I say to you, in the name of all Chileans: Be welcome. We were preparing to entertain you in magnificent style, but it was the will of Providence to visit us with a bitter trial, so we are now receiving you in a modest manner. Come and see, sir, what we have suffered. Morally, we have suffered much; for several thousan

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BANQUET AT THE GOVERNMENT PALACE, LIMA

BANQUET AT THE GOVERNMENT PALACE, LIMA

Speech of His Excellency José Pardo y Barreda President of the Republic September 10, 1906 With the most sincere good will, I cordially welcome you in the name of my country and of its Government, and I believe I faithfully interpret the sentiments that rule in Peru in telling you of its sincere good will toward the United States, their illustrious President, and toward your own distinguished person. These feelings which unite the two countries began in the dawn of independence, because the foun

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BANQUET OF THE MINISTER FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS

BANQUET OF THE MINISTER FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS

Speech of His Excellency Javier Prado y Ugarteche Minister for Foreign Affairs At the Union Club, September 11, 1906 With the liveliest feelings of consideration and sympathy I have the honor to offer this manifestation to His Excellency Mr. Elihu Root, Secretary of State of the United States of America. Yielding to the generous impulses of your American heart, and of your brain of a thinker and of a statesman, you have felt a desire, Mr. Root, to visit these countries, to address to them words

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RECEPTION AT THE MUNICIPAL COUNCIL

RECEPTION AT THE MUNICIPAL COUNCIL

Speech of Doctor Federico Elguera Mayor of Lima September 10, 1906 The citizens of Lima welcome you and are glad to have you amongst them. You arrive at the capital of Peru, after visiting the leading cities in South America and receiving the greetings so justly due the great American nation and your own personal merits. You are an ambassador of peace, a messenger of good will, and the herald of doctrines which sustain America's autonomy and strengthen the faith in our future welfare. The wake l

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RECEPTION BY THE SENATE

RECEPTION BY THE SENATE

Speech of Senator Barrios At an Extraordinary Session, September 13, 1906 The Senate of Peru, honored by your official visit, greets you as the representative of a great democratic people, whose juridical methods, founded on liberty and equality, are a model for all the American parliaments. I regard your visit to our young republic as one of most important and lasting effect in the history of the continent. When these peoples have reached the power and development which the United States of Ame

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INSTALLATION OF MR. ROOT AS A MEMBER OF THE FACULTY OF POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF SAN MARCOS, LIMA SEPTEMBER 14, 1906

INSTALLATION OF MR. ROOT AS A MEMBER OF THE FACULTY OF POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF SAN MARCOS, LIMA SEPTEMBER 14, 1906

Speech of Doctor Luis F. Villarán Rector of the University The University of San Marcos of Lima heartily shares in the national rejoicing consequent on your visit to us, and greets you as the representative of the great republic which holds so many claims to the high esteem and consideration of the Spanish-American states of this continent. Your country, indeed, furnished valuable coöperation to the Spanish colonies in the establishment of their independence. With the example of your own emancip

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THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

Speech of His Excellency Ricardo Arias Secretary of Government and Foreign Relations In the National Assembly, at Panama, September 21, 1906 You have just visited the wealthiest capitals of South America, real emporiums of its richness; there you have been received with great magnificence. Our outward manifestations of joy on the occasion of your visit may, therefore, appear to you very humble; but you can rest assured that none of them will surpass us in the intensity of sympathetic feeling tow

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CARTAGENA

CARTAGENA

Address of the Minister for Foreign Affairs, His Excellency Vásquez-Cobo At a Breakfast given to Mr. Root, September 24, 1906 Upon receiving your excellency within the confines of our heroic and glorious Cartagena, I present to you a cordial greeting of welcome, in the name of Colombia, of his excellency the President of the Republic, and in my own. You return to your own country to enjoy merited honors and laurels after a long tour, giving a hearty embrace of friendship to our sisters, the repu

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THE VISIT TO MEXICO

THE VISIT TO MEXICO

Following Secretary Root's visit to South America, with its auspicious results, the President of Mexico, Porfirio Díaz, extended an official invitation to visit the republic immediately to the south of us, in the belief that such a visit would have equally happy results in strengthening and increasing the "steadfast friendship" existing between the two neighboring nations. Mr. Root, together with his wife and daughter, started for Mexico by special train, arriving in San Antonio on September 28,

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SAN ANTONIO

SAN ANTONIO

Speech of Mr. Root At a Banquet of the International Club in Honor of Mr. Root and the Mexican Envoys, September 28, 1907 Upon his arrival in San Antonio, Texas, on his way to Mexico, Mr. Root was met by a reception committee designated by President Díaz, which had come to San Antonio to welcome him and to escort him to the national capital. While in San Antonio, Mr. Root and the Mexican Reception Committee were the guests of the International Club of that city; and on the evening of the day of

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RECEPTION BY THE MEXICAN DELEGATION AT NUEVO LAREDO

RECEPTION BY THE MEXICAN DELEGATION AT NUEVO LAREDO

Speech of Welcome by General Pedro Rincón Gallardo September 29, 1907 Especially appointed for this purpose by the President, in behalf of the government of the republic, we have the honor to tender to your excellency the most cordial welcome on your happy arrival in Mexico, whose people, of whom we must consider ourselves the faithful echo, pledge the continued good relations with the people of the United States. The reception is an homage to your well-known merits, and the people are anxious t

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CITY OF MEXICO

CITY OF MEXICO

Speech of Porfirio Díaz President of the Republic At a Banquet at the National Palace, October 2, 1907 In the name of the Mexican people and of their government I tender you this banquet, acknowledging thereby those sentiments of sympathy which are felt and which distinguish one and another, the people of the United States, the great citizen who presides over its high destinies, and the illustrious statesman who honors us with his interesting and very welcome visit. Bonds of sympathy and fellow-

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RECEPTION AT THE MUNICIPAL PALACE

RECEPTION AT THE MUNICIPAL PALACE

Speech of Governor Guillermo de Landa y Escandón October 3, 1907 Last year, in accordance with the wishes of your President, you undertook to visit and become acquainted with Latin America, and for that purpose you made an extended voyage which was fruitful in happy results. At the beginning of the sixteenth century adventurous Spanish and Portuguese navigators sailed from the Atlantic into the Pacific, effecting important discoveries of which the object was to rescue from darkness populous regi

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RECEPTION BY THE CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES

RECEPTION BY THE CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES

Speech of Licentiate Manuel Calero President of the Chamber October 3, 1907 Honorable Secretary of State, welcome; the national representation, the chamber that constitutionally symbolizes that people which in this section of the western hemisphere, is ever striving, ever struggling to attain a higher civilization, to win for itself a respected name among nations, feels pleasure in welcoming you to its midst. You are at the present moment the symbolical representation of a great and friendly peo

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LUNCHEON BY THE AMERICAN COLONY

LUNCHEON BY THE AMERICAN COLONY

Speech of General C. H. M. y Agramonte At the Mexican Country Club, October 4, 1907 As chairman of a committee of the American colony, the pleasant duty devolves upon me to welcome, in behalf of the colony, an illustrious countryman, and a prominent member of the official family of the President of the United States, the Secretary of State. The opportunity has been afforded us through one of those many acts of exquisite courtesy for which the Government of Mexico is noted in its intercourse with

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MEXICAN ACADEMY OF LEGISLATION AND JURISPRUDENCE

MEXICAN ACADEMY OF LEGISLATION AND JURISPRUDENCE

Speech of Licentiate Luis Méndez President of the Academy At the Installation of Mr. Root as an Honorary Member, October 4, 1907 Honored Sir: Because of the office I am temporarily holding, I am given the unexpected honor of placing in your hands the diploma that entitles you to honorary membership in the Mexican Academy of Legislation and Jurisprudence. You have come to the country of snowy mountains and flowering valleys which perfume our tropical breezes, preceded by the meritorious fame of h

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BANQUET OF THE AMERICAN AMBASSADOR

BANQUET OF THE AMERICAN AMBASSADOR

Speech of Ambassador Thompson October 5, 1907 Probably not before has there been such a gathering of distinguished men as are tonight seated at this table at the foot of the famous Castle of Chapultepec. The honored Secretary of State of the American nation is here, the guest of the great Mexican Republic, with such honors showered upon him as should not and will not soon be forgotten by a friendly and appreciative people, nor by the immediate recipient of Mexico's greeting. Personally, I feel,

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BANQUET OF THE MINISTER FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS

BANQUET OF THE MINISTER FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS

Speech of Licentiate Ignacio Mariscal October 7, 1907 Your presence amongst us as our illustrious guest is an event which will leave a mark in the history of Mexico, for yours is not only the visit of a most distinguished American, but also of the best representative, without the usual credentials, of a great government and a great people. The fact that your visit aims at no diplomatic business, except the tightening of the bonds of friendship between our two countries, has made it the more impo

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FAREWELL SUPPER GIVEN BY MR. ROOT

FAREWELL SUPPER GIVEN BY MR. ROOT

Speech of Mr. Root October 7, 1907 On the evening of the day of the banquet of the Minister for Foreign Affairs, on the lower terrace of the castle where a series of apartments had been assigned to his party, Mr. Root gave a farewell supper to the members of the Government, the diplomatic corps, the Entertainment Committee, and numerous other Mexican notables. This is the last opportunity I shall have in the City of Mexico to express to you my gratitude and keen appreciation for all your very gr

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PUEBLA

PUEBLA

Speech of General Mucio P. Martínez Governor of Puebla At a Banquet at the Municipal Palace, October 9, 1907 A poetic tradition of our aborigines has been kept, and still lives—transmitted from generation to generation of the races that people our wooded mountains and smiling plains; this tradition teaches us that to illustrious guests, above all to those who come like you as messengers of peace on earth and good-will to men, should be offered as an emblem of sincere and respectful affection, th

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ORIZABA

ORIZABA

Speech of Señor D. Teodoro A. Dehesa Governor of the State of Vera Cruz At a Luncheon at the Cocolopan Factory, October 10, 1907 In your honor, and as a testimony to your personal worth and sterling character, as a representative of the great American people, I take particular pleasure in tendering to you this lunch. The occasion gives rise to the thought that your Washington and our Hidalgo were the instruments chosen for planting the sacred tree of national independence now so deeply rooted in

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GUADALAJARA

GUADALAJARA

Speech of Governor Ahumada October 14, 1907 Although our president, General Porfirio Díaz, with the high international representation awarded him by our institutions, and by the personal adherence of all federal and state authorities, as well as by the love of the Mexican people in general, has already given a cordial welcome in the name of all of us, allow me, in the name of the state which I govern, to express to you the kind feelings of sympathy which exist in all hearts beating within this i

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ADDRESSES IN THE UNITED STATES ON LATIN AMERICAN RELATIONS

ADDRESSES IN THE UNITED STATES ON LATIN AMERICAN RELATIONS

In December, 1907, a Central American Peace Conference was held at Washington, between delegates representing the five Central American republics—Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Salvador. Mexico and the United States were invited to participate in a friendly capacity and accepted the invitation. The conference grew out of the initiative taken during the previous summer by the presidents of the United States and Mexico, in an endeavor to secure an adjustment of then pending disput

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ADDRESS OPENING THE CENTRAL AMERICAN PEACE CONFERENCE, DECEMBER 13, 1907

ADDRESS OPENING THE CENTRAL AMERICAN PEACE CONFERENCE, DECEMBER 13, 1907

Usage devolves upon me as the head of the Foreign Office of the country in which you are assembled to call this meeting together; to call it to order and to preside during the formation of your organization. I wish to express to you, at the outset, the high appreciation of the Government of the United States of the compliment you pay to us in selecting the city of Washington as the field of your labors in behalf of the rule of peace and order and brotherhood among the peoples of Central America.

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ADDRESS CLOSING THE CENTRAL AMERICAN PEACE CONFERENCE, DECEMBER 20, 1907

ADDRESS CLOSING THE CENTRAL AMERICAN PEACE CONFERENCE, DECEMBER 20, 1907

I beg you, gentlemen, to accept my hearty and sincere congratulations. The people of Central America, withdrawn to a great distance from the scene of your labors, may not know, but I wish that my voice might reach each one of them to tell them that during the month that has passed their loyal representatives have been doing for them in sincerity and in the discharge of patriotic duty a service which stands upon the highest level of the achievements of the most advanced modern civilization. You h

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RESPONSE TO THE TOAST OF THE AMBASSADOR OF BRAZIL AT A DINNER IN HONOR OF REAR-ADMIRAL HUET DE BACELLAR AND THE CAPTAINS OF THE BRAZILIAN SHIPS ON A VISIT TO THE JAMESTOWN EXPOSITION, WASHINGTON, D.C., MAY 18, 1907

RESPONSE TO THE TOAST OF THE AMBASSADOR OF BRAZIL AT A DINNER IN HONOR OF REAR-ADMIRAL HUET DE BACELLAR AND THE CAPTAINS OF THE BRAZILIAN SHIPS ON A VISIT TO THE JAMESTOWN EXPOSITION, WASHINGTON, D.C., MAY 18, 1907

The Brazilian Ambassador, His Excellency Mr. Nabuco This is the second time that I have the honor and the good fortune of meeting in this room the representatives of the American nations in Washington, including the Secretary of State of the United States. These are the great Pan American festivals of the Brazilian Embassy. But what a great stride our common cause has made since we met here last year! All of that progress is principally due to Mr. Root's devotion to the cause that he made his ow

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ADDRESS AT THE BANQUET OF THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK TO THE OFFICERS OF THE FOREIGN AND UNITED STATES SQUADRONS WHICH ESCORTED THE SPANISH CARAVELS TO NEW YORK, APRIL 28, 1893

ADDRESS AT THE BANQUET OF THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK TO THE OFFICERS OF THE FOREIGN AND UNITED STATES SQUADRONS WHICH ESCORTED THE SPANISH CARAVELS TO NEW YORK, APRIL 28, 1893

It is my pleasant privilege to respond to a toast to an offspring of old Spain, a direct lineal descendant, an inheritor of her blood, her faith and her language. It is only a young republic, only an American republic. No historic centuries invest her with romance or with interest; but she is great in glorious promise of the future, and great in manifest power to fulfill the promise. Far away to the southward, beyond the great empire of the Amazon, beyond the equatorial heats, there stretches a

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ADDRESS OF WELCOME TO DR. LAURO MÜLLER, SECRETARY OF STATE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF BRAZIL, ATA BANQUET OF THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, JUNE 18, 1913

ADDRESS OF WELCOME TO DR. LAURO MÜLLER, SECRETARY OF STATE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF BRAZIL, ATA BANQUET OF THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, JUNE 18, 1913

The republic of Brazil designated its minister for foreign affairs, Dr. Lauro Müller, to return officially Mr. Root's visit to that republic, and the following address was delivered by Mr. Root at the dinner given by the Chamber of Commerce of the State of New York to His Excellency, Lauro Müller, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Brazil. When in the various pathways that one treads in a long life one has made friends, has garnered the wealth of friendship, that is more t

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ADDRESS BEFORE THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI COMMERCIAL CONGRESS, KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, NOVEMBER 20, 1906

ADDRESS BEFORE THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI COMMERCIAL CONGRESS, KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, NOVEMBER 20, 1906

Sir Henry Wotton is credited with the statement that "an ambassador is an honest man sent abroad to lie for the commonwealth", a definition half in jest but not without a touch of seriousness. The feeling is making itself manifest which will soon become universal, that an ambassador is an honest man sent abroad to represent the people of his own country to the people of the country to which he is accredited. Mr. Root, not sent to South America, but going on his own initiative, was an ambassador

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ADDRESS AT THE NATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE EXTENSION OF THE FOREIGN COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES, WASHINGTON, D. C., JANUARY 14, 1907

ADDRESS AT THE NATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE EXTENSION OF THE FOREIGN COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES, WASHINGTON, D. C., JANUARY 14, 1907

I thank you for your cordial greeting, and I thank you, Mr. Chairman, for the very kind terms which you have used regarding myself. I have come here with pleasure, not to make a prepared address, or to attempt oratory, but to talk a few minutes about subjects of common interest to us all. I wish first to express the satisfaction that I feel in the existence of this convention. The process of discussion, consideration, mutual information, and comparison of opinion among the people who are not in

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ADDRESS AT THE PAN AMERICAN COMMERCIAL CONFERENCE WASHINGTON, D.C., FEBRUARY 17, 1911

ADDRESS AT THE PAN AMERICAN COMMERCIAL CONFERENCE WASHINGTON, D.C., FEBRUARY 17, 1911

Governments may hold doors open all over the world, but if there is no one to go through them it is an empty form, and people get tired of holding doors open as an empty form. The claims of a government to consideration soon come to be regarded as pretentious unless there are really substantial interests behind the claims. No government, and least of all our government, least of all a democratic republic, can make commerce to go through open doors, to avail itself of fair and equal treatment, an

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WASHINGTON, DECEMBER 30, 1915

WASHINGTON, DECEMBER 30, 1915

Mr. Root's interest in and knowledge of the American republics is not of yesterday, nor does it date from his secretaryship of state. It antedated and has survived official position. In 1893 it inspired his address of welcome to the officers of the foreign and United States squadrons which escorted the Spanish caravels to New York. It colors with a touch of personal feeling his address on the Codification of International Law, delivered before the joint sessions of the American Society and the A

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