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Delivered at the " Salon de la Pensée Française " Panama-Pacific International Exposition San Francisco, June First Nineteen Hundred & Fifteen DONE INTO ENGLISH WITH EXPLANATORY NOTES BY HENRY P. BOWIE SAN FRANCISCO: THE BLAIR-MURDOCK COMPANY 1915 Copyright, 1915 by M. Camille Saint-Saëns M USIC was written in a scrawl impossible to decipher up to the thirteenth century, when Plain Song [1] ( Plain Chant ) made its appearance in square and diamond-shaped notes. The graduals and introits

[1] Plain Song (Fr. Plain Chant ) was the earliest form of Christian church music. As its name indicates, it was a plain, artless chant without rhythm, accent, modulation or accompaniment, and was first sung in unison. Oriental or Grecian in origin, it had four keys called Authentic Modes, to which were added later four more called Plagal Modes. These modes, called Phrygian, Dorian, Lydian, etc., are merely different presentations in the regular order of the notes of the C Major scale—first, wit