The History Of Sulu - free ebook by Najeeb M. (Najeeb Mitry) Saleeby

Read as playlist

The History Of Sulu

Najeeb M. (Najeeb Mitry) Saleeby

53 chapters

23 hour read

Read as playlist

Selected Chapters

53 chapters

Maps and Diagrams

Maps and Diagrams

The first object sought in the search for the Genealogy of Sulu was a knowledge of those significant historical events of Sulu which antedated the Spanish discovery and conquest of the Philippine Islands, the connection which those events might have had with the earlier history of the other islands and the light that they might throw upon the subject of prehistoric Malayan immigration to the Archipelago. The tarsila (genealogies) 1 of Mindanao show that events of considerable importance had occu

6 minute read

Read Chapter

Preface

Preface

Some liberty has been taken in correcting the spelling of geographical and other proper names in order to render the history uniform in its orthography and to avoid confusion and misconnection of events, persons, and places. The same system of orthography has been used here as that used and described in Part 1 of Volume IV, Ethnological Survey Publications. Diacritical signs to denote the long sounds of vowels have, however, been very rarely used. The Arabic “hamzat,” occurring in Moro words has

59 minute read

Read Chapter

In general

In general

The population of this whole group is generally estimated at 25,000. Of these, 15,000 live in Basilan itself. The inhabitants of Basilan proper are Yakans and Samals, while the adjacent islands are occupied entirely by Samals. The Yakans are the aborigines of Basilan and extend farther into the interior than the Samals. Basilan never enjoyed political independence. Before Spanish rule it was governed by Sulu datus and paid tribute to the Sultan of Sulu. Under the datus, subordinate Samal panglim

21 minute read

Read Chapter

Island of Sulu

Island of Sulu

Toward the east, the ridge descends to a much lower level at Bud Datu, Bud Agad, and Bud Pula, which lie immediately to the south of Jolo. It rises again in Mount Dahu to an altitude of 716 meters. Mount Dahu is a prominent landmark and forms the most picturesque landscape in the background of Jolo. It is a steep and conical extinct volcano, similar to, but smaller and more regular in form than Mount Tumangtangis. East of Mount Dahu is another gap in which lies Tambang Pass. Beyond this the rang

40 minute read

Read Chapter

Town of Jolo.

Town of Jolo.

The Sultan’s palace, termed istana , his kuta (fort) and stockades were built along the lower left bank of the stream Bawang; hence the name Rio del Sultan. On the right bank lay the houses and stockades of the other datus of high rank. Two bridges connected one side of the stream with the other. On the outskirts of the town lay various kuta belonging to subordinate datus, which defended the approaches to the town. The most famous of these kuta was Daniel’s Fort, the best stronghold of Sulu. On

58 minute read

Read Chapter

Translator’s introduction

Translator’s introduction

This is the genealogy of the sultans and their descendants, who lived in the land of Sulu. The writing of this book was finished at 8 o’clock, Friday the 28th of Thul-Qaʿidat, 2 1285 A. H. It belongs to Utu 3 Abdur Rakman, 4 the son of Abu Bakr. It was given to him by his uncle Tuan 5 Imam 6 Halipa 7 Abdur Rakman. This is the genealogy of the Sulu sultans and their descendants....

27 minute read

Read Chapter

Sulu author’s introduction

Sulu author’s introduction

This is the genealogy of Mantiri 8 Asip, the hero and learned man of Menangkabaw. 9 Mantiri Asip had the title of Orangkaya 10 at the time he came to Sulu with Raja 11 Baginda. 12 He married a woman from Purul 13 called Sandayli and begot Orangkaya Sumandak. Sumandak begot Orangkaya Manuk 14 and Orangkaya Hamba. 15 Manuk begot Orangkaya Buddiman 16 and Orangkaya Akal 17 and Orangkaya Layu and Satya 18 Akum. His daughters were Santan, Satan, Ambang, Duwi, Sitti, 19 and Tamwan. Orangkaya Buddiman

1 minute read

Read Chapter

Descendants of Asip

Descendants of Asip

This is the genealogy of Tuan Masha’ika. It was said by the men of old that he was a prophet who was not descended from Adam. He was born out of a bamboo and was esteemed and respected by all the people. The people were ignorant and simple-minded in those days and were not Mohammedans of the Sunni sect. Some of them worshiped tombs, and some worshiped stones of various kinds. Masha’ika married the daughter of Raja Sipad the Younger, who was a descendant of Sipad the Older. His wife’s name was Id

55 minute read

Read Chapter

Descendants of Tuan Masha’ika

Descendants of Tuan Masha’ika

This chapter treats of the original inhabitants of the Island of Sulu. The first dwellers of the land of Sulu were the people of Maymbung, whose rulers were the two brothers, Datu Sipad and Datu Narwangsa. After them came the people of Tagimaha, who formed another party. After these came the Bajaw (Samals) from Juhur. These were driven here by the tempest (monsoon) and were divided between both parties. Some of the Bajaw were driven by the tempest to Bruney and some to Mindanao. After the arriva

3 minute read

Read Chapter

Original and later settlers of Sulu

Original and later settlers of Sulu

These notes were copied by the author from a book in the possession of Hadji Butu, prime minister to the Sultan of Sulu. Pages 1, 2, and 3 form a separate article. They appear to be a supplement to the Genealogy of Sulu, but they were undoubtedly derived from a different source. Their contents are well known to the public and are probably an attempt on the part of Hadji Butu to register what seemed to him a true and interesting tradition of his people. Page 4 was copied by the author from an old

4 minute read

Read Chapter

Sulu historical notes

Sulu historical notes

Translation of page 1 of the original manuscript. —The first person who lived on the Island of Sulu is Jamiyun Kulisa. 88 His wife was Indira 89 Suga. 90 They were sent here by Alexander the Great. 91 Jamiyun Kulisa begot Tuan Masha’ika. 92 Masha’ika begot Mawmin. 93 Mawmin’s descendants multiplied greatly. They are the original inhabitants of Sulu and chief ancestors of the present generation. Translation of page 2 of the original manuscript. —In the days of the Timway 94 Orangkaya Su’il the Su

18 minute read

Read Chapter

Sulu before Islam

Sulu before Islam

Besides the Samals, some Bugis 4 and Ilanun emigrants gained a foothold on the northern and northeastern coast of Sulu. The Bugis appear to have lost their identity, but the Ilanun are still recognizable in many localities, and some of the principal datus of Sulu still trace their origin to Mindanao. The numerous and extensive piratical expeditions undertaken by the Sulus from time immemorial must have been a great source of further influx of foreign blood. The earliest traditions say that, in t

9 minute read

Read Chapter

Introduction of Islam and the rise of a Mohammedan dynasty in Sulu, 1380–1450

Introduction of Islam and the rise of a Mohammedan dynasty in Sulu, 1380–1450

Jawa is the Malay term for Java. The incident related in the tarsila relative to the gift of two elephants sent by the raja of Java to the raja of Sulu is interesting, in that it explains the existence in Jolo of the elephants found there during the earlier Spanish invasions. It further indicates that Raja Baginda was not an insignificant chief and that he kept up some kind of communication with the rajas of western Malaysia. The elephants received by Baginda were let loose, the story says, and

6 minute read

Read Chapter

Establishment of the Mohammedan Church in Sulu and the reign of Abu Bakr, 1450–1480

Establishment of the Mohammedan Church in Sulu and the reign of Abu Bakr, 1450–1480

The dynasty founded by Abu Bakr ruled with a firmer hand and attained considerable power and fame. The new organization establishing law and order, consolidated the forces of the state and increased its influence on the outside world. Islam added a new element of strength and another stimulus to campaign and conquest. The Sulus never exceeded 60,000 in number, yet we learn that, prior to the arrival of Magellan, their power was felt all over Luzon and the Bisayan Islands, the Celebes Sea, Palawa

33 minute read

Read Chapter

Early days of the sultanate, 1480–1635

Early days of the sultanate, 1480–1635

And you shall try to ascertain who are the preachers of the sect of Mohammed, and shall seize and bring them before me and you shall burn or destroy the house where that accursed doctrine has been preached, and you shall order that it be not rebuilt. Item : You shall order that the Indians 22 shall not go outside of their island to trade; and you shall seize those vessels used for plundering excursions, leaving them those which, in your judgment, are used for trade and fishing. You shall take al

37 minute read

Read Chapter

First Spanish conquest and occupation of Sulu, 1635–1646

First Spanish conquest and occupation of Sulu, 1635–1646

This treaty did not remain in force for any great length of time, for we hear again in 1647 that the Sulus invaded the Bisayas and harassed the vicinity of Zamboanga. Bungsu had a very long reign marked with reverses and misfortunes. He died before 1640, and was succeeded by Sultan Nasirud Din II and Sultan Salahud Din Karamat. The latter was known to the Spanish writers as Baktial, which was his Sulu name before the sultanate. During the reign of Karamat the Philippines were threatened by a Chi

34 minute read

Read Chapter

Sulu supremacy in the Archipelago, 1647–1850

Sulu supremacy in the Archipelago, 1647–1850

One of the earliest events in the reign of Alimud Din I was his ratification of the treaty of 1737. The sultan was represented in Manila by Datu Mohammed Ismael and Datu Jaʿfar, who signed the document. The treaty was drawn in January, 1737, by Governor-General Fernando Valdés y Tamon and contained five articles. The first article declared the determination of both parties to preserve permanent peace between the two states, all differences or grievances to be settled amicably, and hostilities be

2 hour read

Read Chapter

Treaty of 1836 with the Sultan of Sulu

Treaty of 1836 with the Sultan of Sulu

Article 5. Spanish craft in Jolo will pay the following duties in kind: Article 6. These duties fixed for Spanish craft will be paid in kind in accordance with the values laid down in the following schedule, one-half of which will be selected by the Sultan’s government officials from the cargo and the other half shall consist of such articles as the captain of the boat may select, valuation to be in accordance with the schedule. Articles not in the schedule can not be exacted from the captain, n

20 minute read

Read Chapter

Expedition of Governor Claveria

Expedition of Governor Claveria

The conquest of the Balangingi Samals was complete and the expedition returned to Manila in triumph. Here great rejoicings, parades, and festivities were held in honor of the event. Governor Claveria was decorated and promoted by the Queen and many of the officers and men were variously rewarded. The Balangingi Samals rivaled the Sulus in power, bravery, and wealth, but the signal victory of Claveria crushed them so completely that they have never since had any considerable force. The Samals who

9 minute read

Read Chapter

Visits to Jolo of Captain Henry Keppel and Sir James Brooke

Visits to Jolo of Captain Henry Keppel and Sir James Brooke

The Sultan gave us a gracious reception, shaking hands with each officer as he was presented. This ceremony over, chairs were placed for Sir James and his suite; while those of our party, who could not get seats, formed a semicircle on the other side of the table. The scene was striking and gay. The Sultan is a young-looking man, but with a dull and vacant expression, produced by the too free use of opium: his lips were red with the mixture of betel nut and cere leaf, 78 which he chewed. He was

41 minute read

Read Chapter

Expedition against Jolo

Expedition against Jolo

Jolo was well fortified. It had five forts on the sea front, the strongest two of which were that of the Sultan on the right and that of Datu Daniel on the hill. Three other forts were located on prominent points at the base of the hills. The town was further defended by a double line of trenches, other fortifications and much artillery. The population was estimated at 6,000 Moros and 500 Chinese. The fleet saluted the town and anchored in the roadstead. Two officers were sent ashore to notify t

20 minute read

Read Chapter

Treaty of April 30, 1851

Treaty of April 30, 1851

Article 4. They renew the solemn promise not to carry on piracy or allow anybody to carry on piracy within the dominions of Sulu, and to run down those who follow this infamous calling, declaring themselves enemies of all islands that are enemies of Spain and allies of all her friends. Article 5. From this day forth the island of Sulu shall fly the Spanish national flag in its towns and on its ships, and the Sultan and other constituted authorities shall use the Spanish war flag, under the princ

29 minute read

Read Chapter

Politico-military government of Mindanao and adjacent islands

Politico-military government of Mindanao and adjacent islands

Article III. The Governor of Mindanao shall receive 6,000 pesos as salary, and 2,000 pesos as entertainment fund. The latter shall be supplied from the revenues from Government real estate and licenses. The Governor’s residence shall also be supplied by the State. Article IV. This Governorship shall correspond to the class of brigadier generals; but the first Governor appointed may be a colonel, who will be entitled, as a reward, to an appointment as brigadier general after three years. Article

2 hour read

Read Chapter

Occupation of Jolo

Occupation of Jolo

A large garrison was established at Jolo, consisting of two regiments of infantry, one company of artillery, one company of engineers, and two companies of disciplinarios . 2 Capt. Pascual Cervera, a captain of frigate of the navy was given command of the garrison, under the title of politico-military governor of Sulu. General Malcampo was given the title of “Count of Jolo,” while many decorations were awarded to gallant officers, and a medal was struck for each participant in the campaign. The

54 minute read

Read Chapter

Rule of Sultan Jamalul A’lam

Rule of Sultan Jamalul A’lam

Col. Carlos Martinez became Governor of Sulu on the 28th of September, 1877. This distinguished commander applied himself to his work with unusual enthusiasm and assiduity, and by tact and sagacity succeeded in restoring order and peace, in the form of a treaty signed by him and by Sultan Jamalul Aʿlam in July, 1878. Great credit for the success of the negotiations belongs to Datu Harun ar-Rashid, who spared no effort to convince the Sultan that peace and loyalty to Spain were preferable to a co

3 hour read

Read Chapter

Political status of Sulu at the time of Spanish evacuation

Political status of Sulu at the time of Spanish evacuation

The vivid picture presented by the history of Sulu thrills the reader with scenes of horror, cruelty, and misdirected energies. On one page we read of how a rich and mighty sovereign stretched his hand across the border of his domain into the territory of his weak neighbor and coveted his jewels and treasure, and, being refused, struck terror, desolation, and destruction in the home of the latter. On another page we read how, as if possessed by a mighty demon, that weak and petty king-neighbor s

37 minute read

Read Chapter

Spanish policy

Spanish policy

Had Spain exerted more effort to increase the Jolo garrison in 1646 and trusted the charge of this garrison to an able and upright administrator, the fruits of the brilliant conquest of General Corcuera would not have been lost, and in all probability the trouble with Sulu would have been ended before the termination of the seventeenth century. However, instead of this course, weak characters were charged with the management of affairs, and in place of permanent and strong occupation of the land

2 hour read

Read Chapter

Appendix I The pacification of Mindanao by Ronquillo

Appendix I The pacification of Mindanao by Ronquillo

The governor had already answered Don Juan Ronquillo’s first dispatch, as we have said above, when the second dispatch arrived with news of the successes in Mindanao. Suspicious of the men in the camp who had constantly shown a desire to return to Manila, and little relish for the hardships of war, and fearing lest they would return at the arrival of the first order, executing that order and abandoning the enterprise which had reached such a satisfactory stage; and thinking that it would be unwi

8 minute read

Read Chapter

Appendix II The pacification of Mindanao7

Appendix II The pacification of Mindanao7

[ Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas , Dr. Antonio de Morga, Mexico, 1609.] 12 The Spanish garrison left in La Caldera, at the withdrawal of Don Ronquillo’s camp from the river of Mindanao, passed into command of Captain Villagra at the death of Capt. Juan Pacho in Jolo, and was suffering for lack of provisions; for neither the people of the river could give them to the Spaniards, nor would the Sulus furnish any on account of the war declared upon them. Therefore the garrison urgently requested Gove

7 minute read

Read Chapter

Appendix III The Moro raids of 1599 and 1600

Appendix III The Moro raids of 1599 and 1600

[Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, Dr. Antonio de Morga, Mexico, 1609.] 22 The daring and audacity of the Mindanaos and Sulus in making incursions with their fleets into the Islands of Pintados [Bisayas] had reached such a state that it was now expected that they would come as far as Manila, plundering and devastating. In order to check them, at the beginning of the year 1602, Governor Don Francisco Tello, deriving strength from weakness, determined that the expedition against Sulu should be made

10 minute read

Read Chapter

Appendix IV Gallinato’s expedition to Jolo

Appendix IV Gallinato’s expedition to Jolo

[Relation of events in the Philippine Islands and other surrounding regions, from the month of July, 1629, until that of 1630.] 25 I shall commence the affairs of these islands with the expedition to Jolo. It is an island of the Archipelago, rebellious for years past, and its natives, who are Mohammedans, have made a thousand incursions against us in these islands, pillaging whenever opportunity arises, burning villages and churches, and capturing numerous people. In order to remedy all these ev

2 minute read

Read Chapter

Appendix V Olaso’s expedition in 162924

Appendix V Olaso’s expedition in 162924

In my last letter I wrote to your Reverence of the result of the first attack, which was unfortunate, because the Moros repulsed us, as I told your Reverence. Not less unfortunate will be the news that I shall now relate, 28 which it is yet necessary for me to tell, in order to fulfil my duty and to remove the clouds arising from rumors and letters that will go there. I am here and see everything; and there is never a lack of those who tell many new things and exaggerate matters that are not so

42 minute read

Read Chapter

Appendix VI Corcuera’s campaign in Jolo27

Appendix VI Corcuera’s campaign in Jolo27

Before those assaults, on St. Matthew’s day, Captain Raphael Ome went out to make a garo , as they say here, and to overrun the country. In this island the level country is heavily wooded as nearly all of it is mountainous. He took in his company about fifty men (i.e., Spaniards) and two hundred Karaga Indians. The captain reached a field, and having lodged in a fortified house, such as nearly all those houses are (for those Indians of the mountain, who are called Guimennos, 32 build them for th

24 minute read

Read Chapter

Appendix VII Obando’s report on the preparations to be undertaken to return Alimud Din to Sulu, July 15, 175139

Appendix VII Obando’s report on the preparations to be undertaken to return Alimud Din to Sulu, July 15, 175139

Sire : In a letter addressed to your Majesty last year, 1751, I forwarded a report and vouchers to the effect that I had sent, with the King of Sulu, Fernando the First, to the fortified station of Zamboanga, a fleet of 3 galleys, two feluccas , two galiots and two large champanes , with other craft, under the Master-of-camp 43 of the Royal troops here, for the purpose of restoring said king to his throne and forcing his rebel vassals to submit, by means of a blockade of the island of Sulu, whic

10 minute read

Read Chapter

Appendix VIII Obando’s report on the circumstances attending the attempt to return Alimud Din to Sulu, June 18, 175242

Appendix VIII Obando’s report on the circumstances attending the attempt to return Alimud Din to Sulu, June 18, 175242

God keep the Catholic and Royal Person of your Majesty many years, as Christendom and the Monarchy have need. Manila , June 18, 1752 . Sire : By letter forwarded to your Majesty through confidential channels under date of * * * I reported that I had despatched an embassador to the King of Bruney, informing him of the arrest of the King of Sulu for his inveterate faithlessness, and pressing him to continue our long standing friendship and to form a new alliance against the said king as a usurper

41 minute read

Read Chapter

Appendix IX Report on the occupation of Palawan and Balabak, April 30, 175346

Appendix IX Report on the occupation of Palawan and Balabak, April 30, 175346

Sire : When the galleon was on the point of sailing for New Spain, the Palawan expedition returned to the port of Cavite, from where the commander of the expedition informs me that he has made a careful and exact survey of the Islands of Palawan and Balabak, beginning on the outward coast, from 9 degrees to Labo. On all that coast he has only found mangrove swamps and reefs, the inhabitants being hostile to everyone and obeying no king; the land is miserably poor; there is no drinking water from

2 minute read

Read Chapter

Appendix X Brief report on the expedition to take possession of Palawan, July 17, 175349

Appendix X Brief report on the expedition to take possession of Palawan, July 17, 175349

To the Captain-General of the Philippine Islands . Most illustrious Sir : In letters Nos. 322 and 325, your Excellency sets forth the ideas of the English settled in the island of Balambangan, who are displeased with the unhealthfulness of the country and petition that the Sultan of Sulu allow them to settle within his dominions. With No. 325, the letter of the Sultan was received, and the King, thus informed of the attempts of the Englishmen, and also of the favorable inclination of the Sulu Su

2 minute read

Read Chapter

Appendix XI Letter of the King of Spain to Sultan Israel, December 2, 177451

Appendix XI Letter of the King of Spain to Sultan Israel, December 2, 177451

[Copy of the communication referred to in the foregoing letter.] Most illustrious and excellent prince Mohammed Israel, Sultan of Sulu. Most gratifying has been to me the announcement, which you conveyed to me in your letter of January 20th, of your happy accession to the sovereignty of Sulu, on account of which I offer you many congratulations, wishing you happiness in all things. The disposition which inclines you to seek my friendship and assistance, as also the friendly relations which you m

7 minute read

Read Chapter

Appendix XII Letter from the Captain-general of the Philippines forwarding a copy of the treaty of peace, protection, and commerce with Sulu, December 25, 183652

Appendix XII Letter from the Captain-general of the Philippines forwarding a copy of the treaty of peace, protection, and commerce with Sulu, December 25, 183652

I also deliver to your Excellency a copy of the Capitulations, in which, in consequence of Article 2nd, it has been agreed to determine the duties to be paid by the Sulu vessels in Zamboanga and Manila, and ours in Sulu. For the better understanding of these stipulations, I have thought it expedient to inclose a copy of the explanation with which the said commissioner forwarded them to me. The present tariff rates have served as a basis for the duties imposed upon the Sulu vessels, it being beyo

18 minute read

Read Chapter

Appendix XIII Royal directions relative to a general policy and the regulation of commerce with Sulu, and the advisability of making Zamboanga a free port, June 23, 183754

Appendix XIII Royal directions relative to a general policy and the regulation of commerce with Sulu, and the advisability of making Zamboanga a free port, June 23, 183754

Finally, the predecessor of your Excellency further stated that he was attempting to extend his efforts to the establishing of the protectorate over the countries subject to the Sultan of Mindanao: her Majesty approves this policy on condition that in its execution the purposes and measures, which are mentioned above for Sulu, be adopted. Her Majesty, by whose Royal order I communicate to your Excellency the foregoing, trusts in your zeal to realize the importance of this matter, and, regarding

18 minute read

Read Chapter

Appendix XIV Camba’s report on the circumstances attending the treaty of 1836 and its bases, November 16, 183757

Appendix XIV Camba’s report on the circumstances attending the treaty of 1836 and its bases, November 16, 183757

On April 15, 1836, Halcon forwarded the capitulations of peace and the commercial agreements made by him in the name of this Government with the Sultan of Sulu. The first consists of 6 articles, by which the Spanish Government grants the Sultan its protection, which is accepted by the latter, with a mutual assurance of coöperation between them against any nation not European. Spanish boats are to be admitted freely in Sulu, and Sulu boats in Zamboanga and Manila. It is agreed that a Spanish fact

41 minute read

Read Chapter

Appendix XV Camba’s report to the Colonial Office discussing the difficulties of commerce with Sulu and the advisability of making Zamboanga a free port, February 23, 183860

Appendix XV Camba’s report to the Colonial Office discussing the difficulties of commerce with Sulu and the advisability of making Zamboanga a free port, February 23, 183860

Since then Sulu has been converted into a refuge for pirates allured by its favorable position, and these barbarians, being more solicitous of carrying on their devastations than of cultivating their land, have not ceased to be the greatest scourge of our inhabitants of the south. This explains the impossibility of obtaining from them by entreaty anything in the way of peace and tranquillity, which to them as well as to us would be so beneficial. For this reason, Sulu, which contains a populatio

23 minute read

Read Chapter

Appendix XVI Communication from the Governor of Zamboanga to the Supreme Government of the Philippines relative to the treaty of Sir James Brooke with the Sultan of Sulu, together with other communications relating to the treaty, 184965

Appendix XVI Communication from the Governor of Zamboanga to the Supreme Government of the Philippines relative to the treaty of Sir James Brooke with the Sultan of Sulu, together with other communications relating to the treaty, 184965

These are notices taken from a letter to hand, from a trustworthy person in Singapore.—Figueroa. Military and Civil Government, Plaza de Zamboanga.—No. 101.—Department of Government.—Excellent Sir:—Notwithstanding the fact that the lieutenant governor of this province informs me that he transcribed and forwarded to your Excellency, while he was in charge of the civil government during my absence in Malusu, the letter which Mr. William Windham, a merchant of Jolo, sent me under date of May 28th,

20 minute read

Read Chapter

Appendix XVII Communication from the Supreme Government of the Philippines to the Secretary of State, relative to the treaty of Sir James Brooke with the Sultan of Sulu; August 16, 184966

Appendix XVII Communication from the Supreme Government of the Philippines to the Secretary of State, relative to the treaty of Sir James Brooke with the Sultan of Sulu; August 16, 184966

With regard to the first point, the reference to Walter is correct, but Walter adds in the same paragraph that “the protected nation is bound forever by the treaty of protection, so that it can undertake no engagements which would be contrary to said treaty, that is to say, that would violate any of the express conditions of the protectorate, or be inconsistent with any treaty of the said class :” how then could Article 7 of the treaty made by Brooke be valid, when by said article the Sultan ple

46 minute read

Read Chapter

Appendix XVIII Regulations relative to taxes and imposts on natives and immigrants in Sulu68

Appendix XVIII Regulations relative to taxes and imposts on natives and immigrants in Sulu68

This decree shall be published in the Official Gazette and communicated to the council of administration, the office of the captain-general, and the insular department of civil administration; and shall be returned to the treasury department for such further action as may be proper. Malcampo. General Government of the Philippines , Treasury Department , Manila , August 10, 1887 . In view of the investigation conducted by the intendant-general of the treasury with the object of determining whethe

23 minute read

Read Chapter

Appendix XIX The Protocol of Sulu, of 1877, between Spain, Germany, and Great Britain, May 30, 187771

Appendix XIX The Protocol of Sulu, of 1877, between Spain, Germany, and Great Britain, May 30, 187771

[Protocol referred to.] The Hon. Austin Henry Layard, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of her Britannic Majesty; and Count Von Hatzfeldt, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of his Majesty the Emperor of Germany, commissioned by their respective Governments to terminate the difficulties which have occurred in the Sulu seas and to establish for that purpose, in a final way, the liberty of commerce in those seas, acknowledged by the Secretary of State of Spain in the N

11 minute read

Read Chapter

Appendix XX The Protocol of Sulu of 1885, between Spain, Germany, and Great Britain, March 7, 188572

Appendix XX The Protocol of Sulu of 1885, between Spain, Germany, and Great Britain, March 7, 188572

II As expressed in Article I of the treaty signed on September 23, 1836, between the Spanish Government and the Sultan of Sulu, the archipelago of Sulu includes all the islands between the western extremity of the island of Mindanao on one side and the mainland of Borneo and the island of Palawan on the other, except those mentioned in Article III. It is understood that the islands of Balabak and Kagayan Sulu belong to the archipelago. III The Spanish Government renounces, as far as regards the

6 minute read

Read Chapter

Appendix XXI Decree of the General Government in regard to payment of tribute by Sulus, March 1, 189473

Appendix XXI Decree of the General Government in regard to payment of tribute by Sulus, March 1, 189473

5. The collection of the tribute shall be made by means of certain special cedulas , which in due time will be furnished to the Sultan for distribution, who will collect the amounts paid in and deliver them over in specie at the office of the politico-military governor of Sulu. 6. The total proceeds from the said tribute, after deducting the amount of the allowances to the interpreters, shall be devoted for the present to the development of the establishments of Jolo, and especially to the const

11 minute read

Read Chapter

Appendix XXII Royal communication relative to the rights of foreigners on the pearl fisheries of Sulu75

Appendix XXII Royal communication relative to the rights of foreigners on the pearl fisheries of Sulu75

From the transcript it is evident that Spain may regulate the exercise of the right of traffic and commerce, not with the purpose of restricting, and much less of denying, the principle of commercial liberty recognized in Declaration I, but with that of conditioning the exercise of that right in such a way that her own rights as a sovereign nation shall not be infringed. And what she may do in regard to mercantile trade, with greater reason she may and should do in everything referring to the ri

25 minute read

Read Chapter

Appendix XXIII Royal directions relative to the treatment of foreigners engaged in pearl fishing in the Sulu waters, March 23, 189677

Appendix XXIII Royal directions relative to the treatment of foreigners engaged in pearl fishing in the Sulu waters, March 23, 189677

To the Honorable the Governor-General of the Philippine Islands . Office of the Governor-General of the Philippines A seal with the inscription: “Office of the Captain-General of the Philippines. Headquarters.” Excellent Sir : At all times the condition of the unsubdued regions of the island of Mindanao and, in general, of the whole archipelago, has occupied the close attention of the Governors-General of these Islands, and they have studied, according to their respective views, the best methods

14 minute read

Read Chapter

Appendix XXIV La Torre’s views on the policy that should be adopted in Mindanao and Sulu, January 11, 189378

Appendix XXIV La Torre’s views on the policy that should be adopted in Mindanao and Sulu, January 11, 189378

The past proves clearly that those ostensible and ephemeral submissions, apparently guaranteed by oaths and agreements, do not bind the Moros in the slightest degree; for, knowing nothing of the first principles of good-faith and loyalty, they do not hesitate to break their promises whenever a favorable opportunity offers and they think it possible to defeat our troops. They make a pretense of being trusting and attentive even to our smallest suggestions, but they are always watching for a good

12 minute read

Read Chapter

Diagrams

Diagrams

Related Library of Congress catalog page: 06001300 . Related Open Library catalog page (for source): OL14536192M . Related Open Library catalog page (for work): OL11077343W . Related WorldCat catalog page: 3743858 ....

12 minute read

Read Chapter

Corrections

Corrections

The following corrections have been applied to the text:...

3 minute read

Read Chapter