EIGHT LECTURES Prepared for The Visual Instruction Committee of the Colonial Office by A. J. SARGENT, M.A. LONDON GEORGE PHILIP & SON, Ltd., 32, Fleet Street Liverpool: PHILIP, SON & NEPHEW, Ltd., South Castle Street 1913 ( All rights reserved ) THE VISUAL INSTRUCTION COMMITTEE APPOINTED BY THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE COLONIES The Right Honourable the Earl of Meath , K.P., Chairman. The Right Honourable Sir Cecil Clementi Smith , G.C.M.G. Sir John Struthers , K.C.B., LL.D., Se

For nearly two thousand years the existence of a great Southland, in the ocean of the southern hemisphere, corresponding to the land mass of the Old World in the northern, was a matter of doubt and dispute among geographers. In the sixteenth century, this land begins to appear vaguely on globes and charts; possibly the information was due to the Malays and Arabs, who were skilful sailors and made long voyages in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. It has been thought that the Portuguese, approaching

When, in 1770, Captain Cook dropped anchor in Botany Bay, he just missed discovering the finest harbour in the world. Voyaging northwards he sighted Port Jackson in the distance but did not examine it more closely, and the discovery was left to the first party of colonists, a few years later. The harbour which we are going to explore was the scene of the first real settlement, and is still the vital centre for the whole of New South Wales. We steam through a broad channel, nearly a mile wide bet

The land route from New South Wales to Queensland does not at present follow the sea-coast. The railway at Newcastle turns up the valley of the Hunter River, climbs the steep edge of the plateau, to run along the eastern rim of the Liverpool Plains and the Darling Downs, and then descends again by a steep pass to the sea-level at Brisbane. At the little frontier station of Wallangarra we must change trains, since the Queensland       1 railways, as we have already noticed, are on a narrower gaug

Following the example of the original settlers, we will approach Melbourne from the sea, as in this way we       1 shall perhaps get the clearest view of the peculiarities of the State of Victoria. From Sydney to Cape Howe, we are still following the coastal plain of New South Wales, with the plateau edge in the background. But when we round Cape Howe and turn westward the coast changes: a series of mountain ridges runs down to the sea, ending in promontories with fiord-like inlets between them.

On our visits to other great capitals we have found steamers unloading their cargoes in the very heart of the city; but Adelaide, founded in 1836 and named after the wife of King William IV., is neither on the sea nor on a navigable river. The original settlers were aiming at a purely agricultural colony, and so chose a position a few miles inland in the midst of fertile land and pleasant scenery. So we must land at Port Adelaide and take the train. Partly owing to the separation of the port fro

We now return to the east and leave Hobart, with a westerly wind astern, and following the course of the great Dutch navigator Tasman, steam south-eastward across the deep sea which still bears his name. We are bound for the southern end of New Zealand. The islands of New Zealand are often compared to the British Islands, but we must be careful not to press this comparison too far. We must notice that their position on the globe corresponds not to that of Britain, but to that of Italy; while the

We may remember noticing, in our first survey, that Cook Strait was much shallower than the surrounding seas, and that there was an evident connexion between       1 the North and South Islands of New Zealand. The strait at one point is narrower than the Strait of Dover, and the connexion between the two sides is still more clear when we look at the structure of the land. The parallel ranges of the Kaikoura Mountains, which we saw in the north-east corner of South Island, reappear on the other s

We started our tour with the great continental land-mass of Australia; we shall end it with a visit to some of the many hundred scattered islands of the Pacific which are under British control and protection.       1 North-east from Auckland, for a thousand miles, we steam through the open ocean, sighting no land except perhaps the lonely Kermadec Islands, which are, as we have seen, attached to the Government of New Zealand, until we reach the fringe of the many groups of coral islands and reef

Slide No.   1. Chart of Tasman’s Voyage, 1642.   2. Off Chatham Island, West Australia.   3. Coast Scene, West Australia.   4. Map of Hollandia Nova; Pieter Goos.   5. Map of New Holland; R. de Vagondy.   6. Statue of Captain Cook.   7. The Endeavour off New Zealand.   8. Chart of Cook’s Voyage, 1769–70.   9. A Wallaby. 10. Rat Kangaroo. 11. Phalanger. 12. Native Bear. 13. Native Bear and Child. 14. Tasmanian Devil. 15. Tasmanian Wolf. 16. Duck-billed Platypus. 17. Dingo. 18. Lyre Bird. 19. Emu.

  1. The Heads, Port Jackson.   2. Middle Harbour, Port Jackson.   3. Sailing Ships entering Port Jackson.   4. Circular Quay, Sydney.   5. Darling Harbour.   6. Chart of Port Jackson.   7. Warships in Farm Cove.   8. View over Farm Cove.   9. Old Sydney. 10. George Street, Sydney. 11. Martin Place, Sydney. 12. Orographical Map of New South Wales. 13. Map of Railways and Sydney Coal Field. 14. Hetton Colliery, Newcastle. 15. Newcastle Harbour. 16. Coal Cliff Colliery. 17. A Waterfall in the Blue

  1. Wallangarra Station.   2. Orographical Map of Queensland.   3. Rainfall Map of Queensland.   4. Victoria Bridge, Brisbane.   5. South Brisbane.   6. The River, near Brisbane.   7. Executive Buildings, Brisbane.   8. Parliament Houses, Brisbane.   9. Queen Street, Brisbane. 10. Natural Grass, Darling Downs. 11. Sheep on Downs, near Warwick. 12. A Rancher’s Station, Roma. 13. Toowoomba. 14. Gladstone. 15. Harbour and Jetty, Gladstone. 16. Bridge on Fitzroy River. 17. Loading Frozen Meat. 18.

  1. Orographical Map of Victoria.   2. A Coast Lagoon, Victoria.   3. Chart of Port Phillip.   4. Collins Street, Melbourne.   5. Bourke Street, Melbourne.   6. Treasury Offices, Melbourne.   7. Interior of Mount Franklin.   8. In the Victorian Valley.   9. String of Draught Horses. 10. Horses in Park. 11. A Race Meeting. 12. Railway Map of Victoria. 13. On the Banks of the Yarra. 14. Bridge over the Yarra. 15. Camp of Boy Scouts. 16. A Boy Scout. 17. Healesville. 18. Gum Logs. 19. House at Bla

  1. Wharf at Port Adelaide.   2. King William Street, Adelaide.   3. The Torrens River.   4. City Bridge, Adelaide.   5. A Street in Adelaide.   6. The Post Office, Adelaide.   7. Judge’s Garden, Adelaide.   8. Adelaide, looking south-east.   9. Orographical Map of South Australia. 10. Mount Gambier Lakes. 11. A Waterfall, Mount Lofty. 12. Orchards and Vineyards, Adelaide. 13. An Orange Tree. 14. Drying Raisins. 15. Loading a Steamer on the Murray. 16. A Salt Lake, Yorke Peninsula. 17. Railway

  1. The Bluff, Invercargill.   2. Dee Street, Invercargill.   3. Orographical Map of South Island.   4. Lumsden.   5. On the Road to Manapouri.   6. The Pier, Manapouri.   7. Launch, on Manapouri.   8. Hunter Mountains.   9. Cathedral Peaks. 10. Spire Peak. 11. In the Mackinnon Pass. 12. Mount Elliott. 13. A Dry Creek, Mackinnon Pass. 14. Dawn, on the Clinton River. 15. Donald Sutherland. 16. Bowen Falls, Milford Sound. 17. Mitre Peak. 18. Two-man Beach. 19. Entrance to Milford Sound. 20. Map o

  1. Orographical Map of North Island.   2. Napier.   3. Approaching Wellington.   4. Chart of Wellington Harbour.   5. Wellington Harbour.   6. Wharves on Reclaimed Land, Wellington.   7. Passenger Wharf, Wellington.   8. View from Customs Tower.   9. View from Customs Tower, looking north-east. 10. The Basin Reserve. 11. Government Buildings. 12. Old Government House. 13. Remains of Parliamentary Buildings. 14. Political Map of North Island. 15. Mount Ruapehu, distant view. 16. Mount Ngauruhoe

  1. Map of Western Pacific.   2. Map of Tongatabu.   3. Nukualofa.   4. George Fatafehi and Household.   5. A Road in Tonga.   6. Launch coming out, Lifuka.   7. Native Travellers, Haapai.   8. Surf on Windward Beach.   9. Vavau Sound. 10. The Wharf, Niafu. 11. Swimming with the Mails. 12. Lau Island. 13. Fijian Canoe. 14. Canoes with Mat Sails. 15. Map of Fiji Islands. 16. One End of Ovalau. 17. Levuka Town. 18. Coast Village, Ovalau. 19. Entering Suva Harbour. 20. Panorama of Suva Harbour. 21