117 chapters
9 hour read
Selected Chapters
117 chapters
Early Western Travels
Early Western Travels
1748-1846 Volume XXII Early Western Travels 1748-1846 A Series of Annotated Reprints of some of the best and rarest contemporary volumes of travel, descriptive of the Aborigines and Social and Economic Conditions in the Middle and Far West, during the Period of Early American Settlement Edited with Notes, Introductions, Index, etc., by Reuben Gold Thwaites, LL.D. Editor of "The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents," "Original Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition," "Hennepin's New Discover
51 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
PREFACE TO VOLUMES XXII-XXIV
PREFACE TO VOLUMES XXII-XXIV
Early trans-Mississippi exploration was undertaken largely in the interests of science. The great expedition of Lewis and Clark (1804-06) was, both in conception and plan, a scientific excursion. Bradbury and Brackenridge voyaged up the Missouri (1811) in search of rare plants and animals, Nuttall sought the Arkansas (1819) on a similar errand. Long's expedition (1819-20) was entirely scientific, both in organization and objects; while Townsend crossed the continent with Nathaniel Wyeth (1834) t
16 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
AUTHOR'S PREFACE
AUTHOR'S PREFACE
Immense additions have been made of late years to our knowledge of the extensive continent of North America. A large portion of that country, which, only a few years ago, was covered with almost uninterrupted primeval forests, and a scanty, scattered population of rude barbarians, has been converted, by the influx of emigrants from the Old World, into a rich and flourishing State, for the most part civilized, and almost as well known and cultivated as Europe itself. Large and flourishing towns,
6 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE
TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE
The author, in his Preface, gives so full an account of the objects and results of his travels in the interior of North America, that it would have been unnecessary for me to prefix any observations of my own, were it not for some circumstances, connected with the translation, which seem to require explanation. The prospectus of the German original announced that the work would consist of two large quarto volumes, accompanied by a portfolio of above eighty beautifully coloured copper-plates, exe
8 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
TRAVELS IN THE INTERIOR OF NORTH AMERICA, IN THE YEARS 1832, 1833, AND 1834
TRAVELS IN THE INTERIOR OF NORTH AMERICA, IN THE YEARS 1832, 1833, AND 1834
[PART I] CHAPTER I VOYAGE TO BOSTON, STAY IN THAT CITY, AND JOURNEY TO NEW YORK, FROM MAY 17TH TO JULY 9TH, 1832 Voyage—Boston—Festival of Independence—The American inns—Charlestown—Monument on Bunker's Hill—Cambridge—New England Museum—Pawtucket—Providence—Embark on board the Boston—Voyage to New York—Fine view of that city. Voyages to North America are become everyday occurrences, and little more is to be related of them than that you met and saluted ships, had fine or stormy weather, and the
49 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
Early Western Travels 1748-1846 A Series of Annotated Reprints of some of the best and rarest contemporary volumes of travel, descriptive of the Aborigines and Social and Economic Conditions in the Middle and Far West, during the Period of Early American Settlement
Early Western Travels 1748-1846 A Series of Annotated Reprints of some of the best and rarest contemporary volumes of travel, descriptive of the Aborigines and Social and Economic Conditions in the Middle and Far West, during the Period of Early American Settlement
Edited with Notes, Introductions, Index, etc., by Reuben Gold Thwaites, LL.D. Editor of "The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents," "Original Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition," "Hennepin's New Discovery," etc. Volume XXIII Part II of Maximilian, Prince of Wied's, Travels in the Interior of North America, 1832-1834 Cleveland, Ohio The Arthur H. Clark Company 1906 Copyright 1906, by THE ARTHUR H. CLARK COMPANY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED The Lakeside Press R. R. DONNELLEY & SONS COMPANY
36 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
Early Western Travels 1748-1846 A Series of Annotated Reprints of some of the best and rarest contemporary volumes of travel, descriptive of the Aborigines and Social and Economic Conditions in the Middle and Far West, during the Period of Early American Settlement
Early Western Travels 1748-1846 A Series of Annotated Reprints of some of the best and rarest contemporary volumes of travel, descriptive of the Aborigines and Social and Economic Conditions in the Middle and Far West, during the Period of Early American Settlement
Edited with Notes, Introductions, Index, etc., by Reuben Gold Thwaites, LL.D. Editor of "The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents," "Original Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition," "Hennepin's New Discovery," etc. Volume XXIV Part III of Maximilian, Prince of Wied's, Travels in the Interior of North America, 1832-1834 Cleveland, Ohio The Arthur H. Clark Company 1906 Copyright 1906, by THE ARTHUR H. CLARK COMPANY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED The Lakeside Press R. R. DONNELLEY & SONS COMPANY
34 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Much has been written by scholars in recent times on the Asiatic extraction of the American peoples; and the attempt has been made, particularly in the United States, to prove such a relationship. This exceedingly interesting subject opens to the investigator a boundless field; but one whose paths are dark and difficult to make clear. Many good reasons can be given for an Asiatic descent of the Americans; on the other hand, objections can be made which cannot easily be set aside. In either case
23 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
ARIKKARAS (Rikkaras; French, Ris)[238]
ARIKKARAS (Rikkaras; French, Ris)[238]
American (an), Nehsikuss (Long Knife, the name which the Americans have among all Indian nations). Arm , ui̍hnu ( uih very long; nu very short and low). Arrow , ni̍h-schu ( nih with strong accent; sch very short and falling in tone). Autumn , niskútsch. Beans (the fruit), a̍ttika-hunáhn. Beard , hakaráhnuch ( uch guttural). Bird , nix. Black , tecati̍h. Blind , tschirikarúch ( uch guttural). Blood , páhtu ( u barely audible). Blue , tischidanáhuisch. Bone , dje̍h-schu ( schu short and low; je Fr
18 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
ASSINIBOIN[239]
ASSINIBOIN[239]
American (an), Mi̍na-haske ( e ½; run together); i.e., Long Knife. Arm , nistó. Arrow , uahi̍ntepä ( pa short; e ½). Bird , sittekanne ( e only ½ in both cases). Black , sáhpa. Blind , chóncha ( ch guttural; on French). Blood , uä̍. Blue , schunktóh ( o full). Bone , hóh. Bow , nta̍sipa ( n barely audible). Brave (adj), uïuktschasch (German). Brook , kachä̍ ( ch guttural). Brother , mitschi̍nna. Child , hokschinn. Cold (adj), osni̍h. Dance (v), uatschi̍we. Day , ampa ( am French). Deaf , nóge-wa
11 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
BLACKFOOT[240]
BLACKFOOT[240]
American (an), Omakstoä; i.e., Long Knife. Arm , ot-tiss. Arrow , a̍pse ( e distinctly pronounced). Bird , pehkseü (final u barely audible). Black , sicksinámm. Blind , náh-pesti ( e ½; pesti short). Blood , ahah-pane ( pane short; e ½). Bone , ochkinn ( och guttural). Bow , spikenn-áhmai ( mai German and together; sp with the point of the tongue). Boy (small boy), sa-kú-man-pö ( an French; o distinctly pronounced); usually pronounced sachkó-ma-pö ( ach guttural). Brave (a trusty man), iehkitapp
11 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CHAYENNE (Shyenne of the Anglo-Americans)[242]
CHAYENNE (Shyenne of the Anglo-Americans)[242]
Arrow , mah-hóss. Axe , jóh-ie-wúch (German throughout; uch guttural). Bad , iháwa-süwa (very short). Bow , máh-tachk (run together; ch guttural). Bullet , wihóh-imáh-husch (the last three syllables are run together). Cherries , máhmenuss. Chief (leader), wi̍h-hu ( hu short; u between o umlaut and u ). Child , kaichkúnn ( ich guttural). Day , wawóhn. Far (distant), háh-iss. Father , ni̍ho-ä̍h. Fire , hoi̍sta. Fire (to kindle a fire), dä̍cho-ihä̍s ( ch guttural). God , okúhme ( e ½). Good , ipáua
5 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CROW (Corbeau)[243]
CROW (Corbeau)[243]
Arm , a̍hdä. Arrow , annúhtä. Bow , mannáchi-iahsä (the last word even and lowered in tone). Child , wah-káh-tä (run together). Eye , ischtä̍. Fire , biddä̍ (short). God (the ruler of life), búattä ( u and a separated; ta short). Hair , ichsi̍e ( ich German with the point of the tongue; si and e separated; e ½ and short; i with strong accent). Hand , ischsä̍. Head , a̍nschua ( an French; sch and u separated; a short). [244] Man , matsä̍. Moon , minitásia ( sia short and low; i and a a little sep
2 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
DACOTA (Sioux) of the band of the Yanktonans[245]
DACOTA (Sioux) of the band of the Yanktonans[245]
American , Mi̍na-haska ( haska nasal); i.e., Long Knife. Arm , istó. Arrow , uahi̍tpe ( ua nasal). Beard , putä-hin ( n French; hin nasal). Bird , sitká ( s soft). Black , sáhpa. Blind , ischtá-chon-gä ( ch guttural; on French; g in the roof of the mouth; chonga nasal and without emphasis). Blood , uä̍h. Blue (also green), tóh. Bone , huh-huh. Bow , itáh-sipa ( itah with emphasis; si very short; pa without emphasis). Brave (adj), uadi̍take ( uadi with emphasis; e ½ or a little more; take lower a
14 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
DACOTA of the Teton Tribe
DACOTA of the Teton Tribe
Antelope , tatóhkana. Bear (black), wåchánk-sitscha (the first word with emphasis). Bear (grizzly), matóh. Comb , ipáhks. Day (the day breaks), àm-pa-inam-pä ( am French; pa short). Elk , upán ( an French and rather long); the stag, hächáhka. Fish-hook , hoï̍tzua ( o and i separated). Fish-line , hachóhta ( ch guttural). Hoop (of wood), sankodeska. Hoop (game of), sankodeska-kutépi. Moccasins , hán-pa ( an French). Morning (early), a̍m-pa ( am French). Prairie dog , pispi̍sa. Rattle (sysyquoy, g
3 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
FALL INDIANS, or Grosventres of the Prairies[249]
FALL INDIANS, or Grosventres of the Prairies[249]
Antelope , hottewianinay ( ay German). Arm , nah-köth (the syllables separated). Arrow , nennitch ( ch with the point of the tongue and not guttural). Bear (black), uatániss. Bear (grizzly), uosse ( uo like wo ; e very short). Beaver , hábass ( a almost like a umlaut, but ½ and short). Bighorn , hottéh. Black , wå-atåh-nits ( wa short; atah-nits a little lisped). Blood , mah-ahtz. Bow , nemáth ( e ½). Buffalo (bull), enáhkiä ( e barely audible; kia like kie , short and ½). Buffalo (cow), bü̍h. C
2 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
FLATHEADS of the Rocky Mountains[250]
FLATHEADS of the Rocky Mountains[250]
Arrow , tah-pu-minn. Bear , semachann ( ch guttural). Beaver , skaló. Bow , soh-nónn; same word as for gun. Buffalo , zotúnn (soft low, and indistinct; o full). Child , skochkússa ( ch guttural; sa low and indistinct). Deer , zinechkóhch ( ch guttural; the whole indistinct and low). Dog , nachketsä ( e short). Ear , tchäh-sä̍uonn. Earth , sopúth. Elk , chton-skutsiss ( ch guttural; the whole indistinct and low). Eye , ehsuetst. Fire , stehchke ( st with the point of the tongue; ch guttural; fina
3 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
KICKAPU[251]
KICKAPU[251]
Arm , nenächkonn ( ach guttural). Arrow , pequikihi. Belly , näjäck ( j French). Bow , måstahá ( a between a umlaut and o umlaut; ha often barely audible). Breast (the whole) ne-kå̍-kä ( ka short). Ear , nettouakaian ( ua nasal; kaian likewise). Eye , neskescheck. Foot , nekåtan ( n distinctly pronounced). Hair , ninessónn. Hand , nenä̍chkonn ( ach in the roof of the mouth). Head , nehch (German). Knife , peskoatéska ( ka without emphasis). Knife (long), måtatä̍. Leg , nemóttata ( a somewhat as
2 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
KONSA[252]
KONSA[252]
Arrow , måh. Bear (black), uåssóbä. Child , schi̍nga-schi̍nga. Earth , móhnika ( n nearly like h ). Eye , ischtá. Fire , pähdjé ( j French). God , wahkoͣ̍ndagä. Hair , på-hi̍. Hand , nom-pö̍ ( om French). Head , påh. Island , rumätschi̍. Man , niká. Mountain , påhü̍. Mouth , hüh. Pipe (tobacco), nåh-hi-ba. River , wâti̍schka ( t often like h ). Sun , pih. Tomahawk , må-sospä-jingá ( j French). Water , nih. Woman (wife), wåh-ko. Island , rumätschi̍. Man , niká. Mountain , påhü̍. Mouth , hüh. Pipe
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
KRIH, or Knistenau[253]
KRIH, or Knistenau[253]
American (an), Ketsemohkoman ( e short and ½; otherwise German). Arm , ospetonn. Arrow , atúss. Autumn , taquáhkinn. Bird , piesiss ( i and e separated; e full value). Black (the color), kaskitä̍hsu ( su short). Blind , nanon-ski̍ssiko ( on French). Blood , mich-kó ( mich short, like mi ). Blue , kaskitähuakinn. Bone , oskánn; plural is oskanná. Bow , adsabi̍ ( adsa soft). Brave (adj), sohketäheu ( e ½; eu short; u barely audible). Brook , sihpi-siss. Brother (elder), niståhs. Brother (younger),
11 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
KUTANÄ, or Kutnehä̍[254]
KUTANÄ, or Kutnehä̍[254]
Arm , achkusóttis (indistinct; ach guttural). Arrow , a̍hk ( k prolonged as a guttural). Black , kamokoch-kukossni ( ch guttural; the whole very short and indistinct). Blood , uann-muh (short and run together). Blue , confused by most tribes with green and given the same name. Bow , zü̍pil ( i very short, indistinct, and almost like e ). Child , skámmu (low and soft, guttural). Cold (adj), uanéht. Day , kiukiet (indistinct). Dead , epinih. Ear , akochkuates ( ch guttural). Earth , a̍m-ma. Eye ,
6 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
MANDAN, or Númangkake[256]
MANDAN, or Númangkake[256]
Abode (dwelling place), iwakschúntusch. Above , a̍hkitta. Abyss (precipice), pähúsch. Ahead , untihä̍ddisch ( un French, like oun ). Aim (v; take aim), mitáhrusch. All (everything), ekúnhä ( n French, like oun ); all men, or people, a̍mbä ( m French). Alone , jï̍cha ( ch guttural). Always , amánkahu-sch ( an French; husch run together as a final syllable). American (n), Mánhichtä ( an French; ch guttural); i.e., Long Knife. Animal (quadruped), wáhockschukkä. Another , táhonsch ( on French; honsc
2 hour read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
Notes on the Grammar of the Mandan Language[257]
Notes on the Grammar of the Mandan Language[257]
From (German, von; French, de), tá. Near (German, unweit; French, proche, près de), askásch. To (German, nach; French, à), óh. Examples: I come from Ruhptare: Ruhptáre ä̍ta wa huh-rusch; i.e., Ruhptare from I come. I go to Ruhptare: Ruhptáre hiddä wa dä̍hhusch; i.e., Ruhptare to I go. For "close to" or "hard by," they say also "on the margin of." On the margin of Ruhptare: Ruhptáre i̍wakachta ( ach guttural); from i̍wakachta, on the margin of the water, a pond, etc. There are nearly as many inte
11 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
Mandan Village Dialects
Mandan Village Dialects
[The two villages are Mih-tutta-hángkusch and Ruhptáre; the variants are distinguished by prefixing thereto (M) and (R) respectively.— Trans. ] Blanket (white woolen): (M) manhi̍chtä-schóttä; (R) waráchschóttä ( ach guttural). Board (plank): (M) mánnaopschi̍hdä; (R) mánna-gapschi̍hdä. Boat : (M) minnanke ( an French; ke short); (R) mánna-kinihnde ( de distinct and short). Bow : (M) woraërúhpa, waraërúhpa, or baraëruhpa; (R) warauïruhpa-gapschihde ( e distinctly pronounced). Child : (M) suck-chám
8 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
MINNITARRIS, or Grosventres[258]
MINNITARRIS, or Grosventres[258]
Abode (dwelling place; shooting stand), uakö̍h-schähs. Above , a̍h-kuka ( ah strongly emphasized). Abyss (precipice), awarä̍ta-dach-api̍hsäs. Ahead (forward), wi̍h-akuwatáhs. All (the whole, all together), ä̍hsa ( sa short). Alone (single), i̍chsaki ( saki short). Always , ti̍h-achkuss. American , Mahtschi-ichti̍ä. Another , iháh-s ( s slightly hissed). Answer (v), wih-a-kákiwähs (the whole short and run together). Antelope park (the), o̍h-chidäi ( dai run together). Anxiety (fear), wah-erei̍chu
2 hour read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
MUSQUAKE, or Fox[260]
MUSQUAKE, or Fox[260]
Arm , neneck. Arrow , onué. Beard , nemisstóllakan. Beaver , amachkuá ( kua short; ach guttural). Bell , katúchtåoal ( uch guttural). Black , machkettauaw ( a and u separated). Blanket (woolen), makunaan. Bow , matáck. Buffalo , moskutáck-nallusuá (final a short): i.e., prairie cattle; for they call the domesticated ox, nallusuá. Child , apannó. Cool (of weather), kesü̍a. Day , kischek. Devil (evil spirit), matsché-mánito; often shortened to mallato. Dog , honémua ( mua short and indistinct). El
3 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
OJIBUAS, OJIBEUAS, CHIPEWAS, or Algonkins[261]
OJIBUAS, OJIBEUAS, CHIPEWAS, or Algonkins[261]
American (an), Tschimoh-kuman ( an French). Arm , uni̍ck. Arrow , uïbmah ( u and i separated). Autumn , tagoagick ( gick German). Black , machkattä̍h-uah ( ach guttural). Blind , kagipin-inquá ( n French; qua together). Blood , miskui̍ ( ui separated; the whole short; emphasis on kui ). Blue , machkattä̍-uah. Bone (bones), ochkánn ( och guttural). Bow , miti̍guap. Brave (adj), sungedä̍ ( su with the point of the tongue); a brave man, mangodas. Brook , sibins ( n French; s soft but audible). Brot
9 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
OMAHA[262]
OMAHA[262]
Ahead (in front), påhanga. All (the whole), så-ni, or wå-så-ni̍. Alone , snog-djé ( j French; g almost like German ch ). Always , schon-schon ( on French). American (an), Må̍hi-tánga; i.e., Long Knife. Anxiety (fear), no-pä̍. Arm , ah-schih. Arrow , måh. Ashes , må-chu-dä̍ ( ch guttural). Ask (question), j-uá-cha-ga ( ch palatal; ga short). Awake (v, intr), wåtómbe-najeh ( j French; e distinctly pronounced). Awake (v, tr), ih-ki-räh (the whole even); same word as in the Oto language. Axe , måsöp
23 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
OTO[263]
OTO[263]
Abyss , moksché; iro-moksché, steep cliff. Air , ta-djä̍ ( j French). All (all together), brogä̍; the whole mass (or multitude), akiwoasan ( woa like voi in French; an French). Alone , asch-nå ( sch like j French). Always , eiiåhma ( ei together). American (an), Måhi-hónn-ie ( ie short; e audible); i.e., Long Knife. Another , i-tan-dö ( an French). Answer (v), i-hä̍. Anxiety (fear), nongguä̍ ( gua short). Approach stealthily (v; stalk), sridje-monnä̍ ( j French). Arm , asché. Arrow , mi̍to. Ashe
34 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
PAHNI[264]
PAHNI[264]
All (the whole), tsche-túh ( e short). Bad , hå-ku-na-heh. Buffalo , taraháh. Child , pi̍h-rau ( rau together and German). Cold (adj), te-pe-tseh. Come (v), ueh-ta. Father , attiasch ( i and a separated). Gone (gone away), ueh-tiet. Good , tunaheh. Goods (wares), låh-pion ( pion French). Great (tall), ti-réh-hu. His , ku-tá. Horse , arúhsch. Kill (v), uetekut ( ue separated). Love (v; prize), tirǻh-pire-huh ( e audible). Maize , lå-khé-schu. Man , så̍hnisch. Meal (or to eat?), tih-uáh-uah (run t
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
PUNCA, Pons of the Canadians
PUNCA, Pons of the Canadians
Arm , adn ( d and n barely audible). Arrow , mán (French). Bow , mandéh ( an French). Child , schi̍nga-schi̍nga. Earth , tån-dä. Eye , ischtá. Fire , pä̍hd. God (creator), wåhkonda. Hair , nanschiha ( an French; ha short). Hand , nombä̍ ( om French). Head , nanschti ( an French). Man , nů́h ( u between o and u ). Moon , mi̍h-om-báh ( om French), or mih-ombáh. Mouth , hi̍h. Pipe (tobacco), nīnibá. Star , mi̍hka. Sun , mi̍h. Tomahawk , manse-päschingá ( an French; se short). Water , ni̍h. Woman ,
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
SAUKIS, SAKIS; Sacs of the French[266]
SAUKIS, SAKIS; Sacs of the French[266]
Arrow , annó. Beautiful , uatchitá. Beaver , améhk. Black , makåtä̍. Bow , matä̍. Buffalo , nannosó. Child , nänitschonés ( es with emphasis). Devil (evil spirit), mdji̍-mnitó ( j French), or motschi-manito. Elk (great deer), mäschauáh. Eye , ski̍schick. Fire , skotäw ( aw short; w barely audible). Foot , nasset. God (good spirit), bakéhmánito. Green , skepok-kuaiuah, or spe pokiä̍. Hair , minesai ( ai together). Hand , nanätsch (second a between a and a umlaut; ch soft). Head , utab. Horse , na
2 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
SNAKE INDIANS; Shoshones, in the Rocky Mountains[267]
SNAKE INDIANS; Shoshones, in the Rocky Mountains[267]
Arrow , tóhietsitta ( iet together; sitta distinctly pronounced). Bow , náhmeack. Earth , a̍hsche ( ah long; e ½). Far (distant), máhnarko. Fire , kohn-ne ( e ½). God , tiwitsim-pohhacante ( e distinctly pronounced); i.e., the lord of life. Hair (hair of head), uchkannea (second a barely audible). Head , ochkanneh ( ch guttural). Horse , punko. Horse (race horse), punko-emáhhi-mia ( mi separated from a ; a distinctly pronounced). Love (I love), tiwitsin-kamahk. Love (I love all white men), oyett
3 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
WASAJI, or Osage[269]
WASAJI, or Osage[269]
American (an), Manhi̍-tánga ( an French). Arm , ischtó. Arrow , uan ( an French). Autumn , tandje ( an and j French). Avenge (v), gráschupä. Beard , putain ( tain French), or indjähin ( j French; in nasal, like i ). Bird , uaschi̍nga. Black , sábä. Blind , ischtá-uä̍rabaje ( j French; e distinctly pronounced). Blood , uahpi̍h. Blue , tóh. Bone (bones), uah-huh. Bow , minn-djä ( j French). Brave , uanompasche ( sche German; distinctly pronounced). Brave man , uassissigä (guttural). Brook , uatsch
14 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
INDIAN SIGN LANGUAGE[270]
INDIAN SIGN LANGUAGE[270]
This sign language has been treated in various works. Say has given noteworthy vocabularies in Edward James's Account of the Expedition of Major Long to the Rocky Mountains . The Arikkaras, Mandans, Minnitarris, Crows, Chayennes, Snakes, and Blackfeet all understand a system of signs, which, as we were told, are unintelligible to the Dacotas, Assiniboins, Ojibuas, Krihs, and other nations. The following vocabulary is taken from the first group. [271] [From Colonel Garrick Mallery's "Sign Languag
41 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
II. ON THE ORIGIN OF THE OTOS, JOWAYS, AND MISSOURIS: A TRADITION COMMUNICATED BY AN OLD CHIEF TO MAJOR BEAN, THE INDIAN AGENT
II. ON THE ORIGIN OF THE OTOS, JOWAYS, AND MISSOURIS: A TRADITION COMMUNICATED BY AN OLD CHIEF TO MAJOR BEAN, THE INDIAN AGENT
Some time in the year (it was before the arrival of the Whites in America) a large band of Indians, who call themselves Fish-eaters ( Hoton-ga ), who inhabit the lakes, being discontented, concluded that they would migrate to the southwest in pursuit of the buffalo, and accordingly did so. At Lake Puant they divided, and that part which remained, still continued their original name in Indian, but from some cause or other the Whites called them Winnebagos. The rest, more enterprising, still conti
4 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
IV. TREATY OF TRADE AND PEACE BETWEEN THE AMERICAN FUR COMPANY AND THE BLACKFEET
IV. TREATY OF TRADE AND PEACE BETWEEN THE AMERICAN FUR COMPANY AND THE BLACKFEET
We send greeting to all mankind! Be it known unto all nations, that the most ancient, most illustrious, and most numerous tribes of the red skins, lords of the soil from the banks of the great waters unto the tops of the mountains, upon which the heavens rest, have entered into solemn league and covenant to make, preserve, and cherish a firm and lasting peace, that so long as the water runs, or grass grows, they may hail each other as brethren and smoke the calumet in friendship and security. On
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
V. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AT FORT UNION AND FORT CLARK, ON THE UPPER MISSOURI
V. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AT FORT UNION AND FORT CLARK, ON THE UPPER MISSOURI
[Condensed by Asa Currier Tilton] These observations consist of those which were made by Prince Maximilian at Fort Clark in 1833-34, and of extracts from the records kept at Fort Union for the two years preceding, by Mr. Mc Kenzie. The observations were systematized by Prof. Mädler, then at Dorpat, but formerly at Berlin. His conclusions and comments are printed in his own words. A table is given of the observations at Fort Union in 1832-33. It shows the monthly average and the daily variation o
2 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
October
October
Beginning. Residents : Cathartes septentrionalis; [275] Aquila leucocephala; Falco sparverius; strix virginiana, asio; Corvus corax, americanus audub.; Pica hudsonica; Lanius septentrionalis; Alcedo alcyon; Quiscalus versicolor; Parus atricapillus; Sturnella ludoviciana; Picus villosus, pubescens; Tetrao phasianellus; Tringa; Totanus; Anas boschas fera, crecca, discors; Fulica americana. [276] Middle. Residents : Same as above. Some of the following begin to migrate: Cathartes; Falcones; Corvus
46 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
November
November
Beginning. Residents : Strix virgin., asio; Corvus corax; Pica huds.; Tetrao phasian.; Lanius septentr. Migrants : Aquila leucoc.; Anas; Mergus; Cygnus; Anser. Middle. Residents : Same as in beginning of month. Migrants : Fring. linaria; Emberiza nivalis; Bombycilla garrula. End. Residents : As above. Migrants : As in the middle of the month....
21 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
December
December
Beginning. Residents : As above. Migrants : As in end of November; Bombycilla garrula. Middle. Same as in beginning of month. End. Same as in middle of month....
12 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
January
January
Same as in December; finches and buntings no longer occur....
3 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
February
February
Beginning. Same as in January; no finches or snow buntings. Middle. Residents : Fring. linaria; Ember. nivalis in small finches and snow buntings often very numerous....
9 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
March
March
Beginning. Same as in February. Middle. Residents : Same as in the winter. Migrants : Ember. nivalis; Fring. linaria. Birds of passage : Anas boschas. The first ducks were seen on the thirteenth of March; they were flying up the Missouri. On the fourteenth the first prairie hen (Tetrao phasian.) called. On the fifteenth a small flock of gray finches (Fring. canad.?) appeared; and on the sixteenth the first swan. Ducks now appear daily. [274] Each month is divided into three parts of ten and elev
4 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
VII. CATALOGUS PLANTARUM IN MONTE POKONO (NORTH HAMPT., PENNSYLVANIÆ) OBSERVATARUM A. L. D. SCHWEINITZ
VII. CATALOGUS PLANTARUM IN MONTE POKONO (NORTH HAMPT., PENNSYLVANIÆ) OBSERVATARUM A. L. D. SCHWEINITZ
Callitriche linearis (non ead. cum autumnali). Caulinia Canadensis, Mx non fragilis nec flexilis. Gratiola anagalloidea, Mx non Virginica. Utricularia macrorhiza, Le Conte. " gibba. " cornuta. " purpurea. Lycopus pumilus (species vix bona). Monarda Kalmiana. Circæa alpina. Lemna gibba. " polyrrhiza. Salix tristis. " petiolaris. " rosmarinifolia. " ? indeterminata. " ? indet. Iris versicolor (non Virginica). Dulichium Canadense (species non bona). Eriophorum vaginatum. " Vi
6 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
RANUNCULACEÆ
RANUNCULACEÆ
Clematis cordata , Pursh. ♂— Ranunculus pusillus, P.— R. repens, L. var. laciniis foliorum acuminatis, petiolis pedunculisque hirsutis, major et minor. Anemone Pensylvanica , L.— Aquilegia Canadensis , L.— Delphinium azureum , Mich.— Thalictrum anemonoides , De C. Hydrastis Canadensis , L. (The very bitter root-stock of this plant contains a beautiful yellow dye, and is used in America as a medicine)....
18 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CRUCIFERÆ
CRUCIFERÆ
Sisymbryum brachycarcum , Richards. An S. canescentis, Nutt. var. glabriuscula? Confer S. Sophia, Pursh. Nasturtium sylvestre , De C. (The American plant has larger leaves than the German).— Stannleya pinnatifida , Nutt. Vesicaria Ludoviciana , De C. (Alyssum Ludovicianum, Nutt.; Myagrum argenteum, Pursh.) Erysimum asperum , De C. (Er. lanceolatum, Pursh.; Cheiranthus asper, Nutt.) Alyssum dentatum , Nutt. Flores Nuttalio et Candollio huc usque erant ignoti.— Dentaria laciniata , Mich....
19 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
FUMARIACEÆ
FUMARIACEÆ
Diclytra cucullaria , De C.— Corydalis aurea , Willd.— C. flavula , Raf....
4 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
PAPAVERACEÆ
PAPAVERACEÆ
Sanguinaria Canadensis , L. (A celebrated medicine plant.)...
2 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CAPPARIDEÆ
CAPPARIDEÆ
Peritoma serrulatum , De C. (Cleome serrulata, Pursh.)...
2 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
VIOLARIACEÆ
VIOLARIACEÆ
Viola Canadensis , Pursh— V. pubescens , Nutt.— V. sagittata , Ait.— V. villosa , Ell.— V. cucullata , Ell....
6 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
POLYGALEÆ
POLYGALEÆ
Polygala alba , Nutt. Torrey in Ann. Lyc. Novebor II. p. 168. The root is quite the same as that of the officinal Radix senegæ....
7 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
LINEÆ
LINEÆ
Linum rigidum , Pursh? Agrees indeed, in many particulars, but the petals are not narrow (angustissima), but obovate, longer than the calyx; the lower leaves of the stalk are opposite, very small, and linear-spatulate, 1-1½ lines long. The sepals are beautifully ciliated, with glandular teeth. Linum ( Adenoblepharum ) annuum , foliolis calycinis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis trinervibus glanduloso-ciliatis, petalis obovatis, foliis rigide erectis linearibus, inferioribus brevissimis obtusis subop
23 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
MALVACEÆ
MALVACEÆ
Cristaria coccinea , Pursh. (Sida? coccinea, De C.; Malva coccinea, Nutt.) Seems to form a distinct genus, but I found no perfect fruit to determine the character....
7 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
RHAMNEÆ
RHAMNEÆ
Rhamnus alnifolius , var. foliis minoribus....
2 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
AMPELIDEÆ
AMPELIDEÆ
Vitis cordifolia , Michx. and (probably) Vitis riparea, Michx....
3 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
TEREBINTHACEÆ
TEREBINTHACEÆ
Rhus Toxicodendron , L.— R. aromatica , L.— Zanthoxylum fraxineum , W....
3 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
LEGUMINOSEÆ
LEGUMINOSEÆ
Sophora ( Pseudosophora , De C.) sericea , Nutt. Torr. in Ann. Lyc. Novebor, p. 174, n. 65. Our specimen is entirely covered with white appressed hairs, which cover also the upper side of the leaves; the flowers are white; the calyx is gibbous below, and quinquefid; the upper teeth are broader and rather shorter. Of the 10 stamina every 2-3 are united at the bottom by the thick filaments; the two upper ones are more slender, and quite free. The ovary is covered with silky hairs; the claw of the
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
ROSACEÆ
ROSACEÆ
Rubus trivialis , Michx. Diagnosi adde: caule primario glabro angulato aculeis sparsis rectis aut sursum falcatis (!), foliis supra pilosis subtus molliter pubescentibus, ramulis petiolis pedunculisque villosis et aculeis retrorsum curvatis armatis, corymbis in ramulis terminalibus simplicibus, sepalis ovatis brevicuspidatis. Rubus trivialis perperam ab aliis ad R. hispidum Linn. refertur. An Rubus argutus Link. Enum. hujus cenostri synonymon? (Dewberries incol.) Potentilla supina, L. — Fragaria
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
ONAGRACEÆ
ONAGRACEÆ
Callilophis Nuttallii , Spach. in Ann. des sc. natur. 1835, Sept. p. 3. (Œnothera serrulata, Nutt. Hook exot. Fl. t. 140). In nostro specimine flores vix dimidium pollicem lati sunt. Anogra pinnatifida , Spach. (Œnothera pinnatifida, Nutt. Oen. albicaulis, Pursh., nec Fraser.) Pachylophis Nuttallii , Spach. (Œnothera scapigera et Œ. cæspitosa. Pursh. Suppl. Œnothera cæspitosa, Sims. Spreng.) Œnothera pubescens , Willd. Probably a variety of Œno biennis— Gaura coccinea , Pursh. Gauridii est gener
33 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
HALORAGEÆ
HALORAGEÆ
Ceratophyllum submersum , Pursh. An eadem ac species Europæa?...
3 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
RIBESIACEÆ
RIBESIACEÆ
Chrysobotrya intermedia , Spach. Ann. des Sc. natur. Juillet, 1835, p. 4, t. 1, B. Chrysobotrya revoluta , Sp.? folia majora, magis villosa. An fructus ovalis? Secundum cl. Nuttall. omnes Chrysobotryæ species pro varietatibus Rib. aurei habendæ sunt. Ribes Cynosbati , Michx.— R. floridum , L'Her....
13 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
UMBELLIFERÆ
UMBELLIFERÆ
Ziziæ species? The fruit is not sufficiently formed to be quite sure of the genus. Chærophyllum procumbens , V. Boscii, De C.— Pastinacca fœniculacea , Spr. (Ferula fœniculacea, Nutt.) Cymopterus glomeratus , De C. (Thapsia, Nutt.)— Osmorhiza longistylis , De C. (Urospermum, Nutt.)...
12 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
ARALIACEÆ
ARALIACEÆ
Aralia nudicaulis , L. The root is said to be used as Radix sassaparillæ....
4 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
LORANTHACEÆ
LORANTHACEÆ
Viscum flavescens , Pursh. De C. ♀. In nostro specimine folia ovalia, basi cuneata, distincte trinervia. An hujus loci V. verticillatum, Nutt?...
6 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CORNACEÆ
CORNACEÆ
Cornus sericea , var. asperifolia, Michx....
2 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
RUBIACEÆ
RUBIACEÆ
Galium dasycarpum , N. ab E. G. caule erecto ramoso ad ungulos aspero, geniculis hirtis, foliis quaternis lanceolatis obtusis trinervibus utrinque hispido-scabris, pedunculis axillaribus folio multo longioribus trichotomis in paniculam terminalem dispositis, bracteis ovalibus, fructu setis rectis densissime tecto. In sylvis ad castellum Union aliisque in locis sylvaticis, 5 Julii.—Ser. Princ. Wied. Differt a Galio septentrionali R. et Sch. seu Galio boreali, Pursh. caulis angulis asperis, foliis
24 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CAPRIFOLIACEÆ
CAPRIFOLIACEÆ
Symphoria glomerata , Pursh. (Symphoricarpus vulgaris, De C. Michx.)...
3 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
SYNANTHEREÆ
SYNANTHEREÆ
Cirsium lanceolatum , Scop. Liatris Punctata , Hook. Fl. Bor.—Amer. I. p. 306, t. 105, De C. Prodr. V. p. 129, n. 5. Var. caule glabro. Huius loci esse videtur Liatris resinosa , De C. in horto Genevensi culta, semine a cl. Pourtalès ex Arcansas allato, nec. vero Nuttall. Kuhnia Maximiliani , Sinning. (Sectio Strigia, De C.) caule herbaceo, foliis ovato-lanceolatis, inferioribus a medio grosse et inæqualiter serratis superioribus subintegerrimis sessilibusque, corymbo terminali composito ♃. Kuhn
6 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
APOCYNEÆ
APOCYNEÆ
Apocynum hypericifolium , Pursh. Asclepias speciosa , Torr. James in Ann. Lyc. Noveborac. II., p. 218, n. 260....
5 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CONVOLVULACEÆ
CONVOLVULACEÆ
Calystegia Maximilianea , N. ab E. volubilis, glabra, foliis hastato-sagittatis obtusis submucronatis, pedunculis teretibus folium subæquanti bus, bracteis ovali-oblongis obtusis ciliolatis calyce longioribus; calycis laciniis breviacutatis. Species calystegiæ sepium similis, sed notis indicatis abunde diversa. Folia minora sunt, flores ejusdem fere magnitudinis (albi?) Calyx longitudine quartæ partis corollæ. Tota planta glabra, solis bracteis lanuginoso-ciliatis. Folia inferiora, ambitu ovato
18 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
BORRAGINEÆ
BORRAGINEÆ
Echinospermum Lappula , Lehm. Echinospermum strictum , N. ab E. E. caule stricto superne stricte ramoso foliisque lanceolatis callosis et patenti-pilosis, corollæ tubo calyce breviori, glochidibus nucum brevibus marginalibus serie simplici dispositis. ʘ (Rochelia nov. sp., Nutt. Mscp. Torr. in Ann. Lyc. Noveborac. II., p. 226, n. 300?). This species may be easily distinguished by the characters indicated, from E. lappula and patulum, Lehm. Myosotis glomerata , Nutt. (Cynoglossum glomeratum, Purs
39 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
RHINANTHACEÆ
RHINANTHACEÆ
Pentstemon grandiflorum , Nutt. (P. Bradburnii, Pursh.) Stamen sterile fert antheram parvam bilobam. Pentstemon cristatum , Nutt. (P. erianthera, Pursh.) Pentstemon viscidulum , N. ab. E. herbaceus, subtillissime subsquamuloso-pubescens, foliis lanceolatis amplexicaulibus inferioribus denticulatis, pedunculis fasciculatis, folia superiora superantibus, calycibus acuminatis corollisque glanduloso-pubescentibus fauce imberbi, filamento sterili ab apice ad medium aureo-barbato. This plant is near t
42 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
SCROPHULARINÆ
SCROPHULARINÆ
Scrophularia lanceolata , Pursh. A broad-leaved form, with elliptical leaves, but to be known by their acuminated base, and by the deep unequal serratures, though almost too nearly allied to Scrophularia Marylandica....
9 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
LABIATÆ
LABIATÆ
Monarda mollis , Willd. Mentha arvensis, var. α sativa , Beth. M. sativa, Lin. Specimen nostrum omnino ad hanc speciem pertinet minimeque ad Mentham Canadensem, Lin. Pili caulis breves sunt et reversi, folia vere ovalia et ovali-oblonga, utrinque glabriuscula nec basi neque apice multum attenuata, licet acuta. This species is new in the American Flora. Stachys palustris var. Caule prælongo simplicissimo, foliis brevioribus latiusculis. I find no mention of Stachys palustris in the American botan
21 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
VERBENACEÆ
VERBENACEÆ
Verbena Aubletia , L.?— V. bracteosa , Michx....
2 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
PLANTAGINEÆ
PLANTAGINEÆ
Plantago cordata , Lam. (Pl. Kentuckensis, Michx.)— P. pusilla , Nutt....
3 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
OSYRIDEÆ
OSYRIDEÆ
Comandra umbellata , Nutt. (Thesium umbellatum, Willd.) It differs from Santalum only by the parts of the flowers being quinary, whereas they are in fours or quaternary in Thesium; but the glandular scales between the stamina are the same. The ovules are erect....
12 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
LAURINÆ
LAURINÆ
Laurus Benzoin , L.— L. Diospyros , L. (Sassafras Diospyros, N. v. E.)...
4 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CHENOPODIACEÆ
CHENOPODIACEÆ
Kochia dioica , Nutt. Flores ♂ glomerati; glomeruli pedunculati, axillares, in apice caulis nudi. Bractea infra glomerulum una, angusta. Perianthium parvum, pedicellatum, campanulatum, quinquefidum, membranaceum, laciniis ad basin extus lobulo herbaceo appendiculatis. Stamina quinque, rudimento exiguo pistilli inserta; filamenta filiformia; antheræ infra medium adfixæ, oblongæ, bilocellatæ, dehiscendo quadricornes. Femina ignota.—Planta annua, humilis, glabra. Caulis compressus, dichotomus. Foli
22 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
POLYGONEÆ
POLYGONEÆ
Polygonum coccineum β terrestre , Michx. (Polygoni amphibii β terrestris Var. Meissn.) Rumex verticillatus , Willd.—R. venosus, Pursh. Eriogonum sericeum , Pursh. (Eriog. flavum, Fraser.) Eriogonum multiceps , N. ab E. albo-tomentosum, caule suffruticoso multicipiti, pedunculo terminali simplici, involucris (florum fasciculis) capitatis, capitulo subinvolucrato, calycis laciniis ovatis ciliatis, foliis radicalibus (surculorum inferis) lanceolatis utrinque albo-tomentosis. Distinctissima species.
30 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
EUPHORBIACEÆ
EUPHORBIACEÆ
Euphorbia maculata , L.— E. marginata , Pursh. (nec Kunth.)...
3 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
URTICEÆ
URTICEÆ
Sarcobatus. Flores amentacei. Amentum androgynum, superne masculum. Squamæ masculæ peltatæ, orbiculares, repando-lobatæ, contiguo-imbricatæ, e centro pedicellatæ, tetrandræ. Antheræ oblongæ, subtetragonæ, sessiles, bilocellatæ rima laterali dehiscentes. Squamæ feminæ subcordatæ, supra basin adfixæ. Pistillum singulum; ovarium axi amenti adpressum, ovatum, depressum, inferne strigoso-sericeum, vertice glabrum (an inferne cum calyce, seu urceolo, concretum?); stigmata duo, sessilia, divergentia, s
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
SALICINÆ
SALICINÆ
Salix longifolia. Torrey in Ann. Lyc. Noveborac. II., p. 248. (An Mühlenb.?) Var. sericans, foliis junioribus undique, adultioribus subtus lanuginoso-sericeis canescentibus. Flores amenti masculi inferiores triandri. Squamæ acutiusculæ. Capsulæ pedicellatæ. Fol. 1½-3 poll. longa, 1½-2 lin. lata, magis minusve denticulata quandoque fere integerrima. An distincta spec.? ♂ Salix Houstoniana , Pursh? With rose willow. (An S. longifoliæ var.?) Salix.... Probably a new species. Salix.... Probably the
31 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
AMENTACEÆ
AMENTACEÆ
Quercus imbricaria , Michx. Rather this, probably, than the cinerea, for it seems not to be evergreen. Quercus alba , W.— Q. castanea , Mühl. (Fructus edules).— Q. obtusiloba , Michx.— Q. coccinea , Michx. Carpinus Americana , L....
11 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CONIFERÆ
CONIFERÆ
Pinus flexilis , James in Ann. Lyc. Noveborac. II. p. 249, n. 428. Juniperus barbadensis , Lin. This species probably coincides with J. Sabina of our gardens. J. Hermanni, too, probably belongs to this place. Juniperus communis , L. Juniperus repens , Nutt. (J. prostrata horti nostri colore intense viridi nec glauco et odore multo debiliori recidit. Fr. N. ab E).— Juniperus Virginiana , L....
18 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
SMILACINÆ
SMILACINÆ
Smilax : caule inermi angulato, foliis cordato-ovatis acutis septemnerviis, pedunculo communi umbellæ (♂) petiolum subæquante. An Smilacis herbacei varietas? Differt solummodo brevitate pedunculi, Fr. N. ab E. Smilacina racemosa , Desf. Uvularia grandiflora , Sm. } on the Lower } Missouri. Trillium recurvatum , Beck. }...
16 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
LILIACEÆ
LILIACEÆ
Allium reticulatum , Fraser. (All. angulosum, Pursh. Probably also Allium striatum, Torr. in Ann. Lyc. Noveborac. II. p. 251, n. 441, but not Don.) Erythronium albidum , Nutt....
8 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
CYPERACEÆ
CYPERACEÆ
Scirpus Duvalii , Hoppe. Scirpus acutus, Mühlenb. Involucri folium erectum in hoc convexum nec carinatum. Squamæ spiculæ emarginatæ, mucronatæ, ciliatæ. Stylus bifidus. Maculæ culmi fungi parasitici primordia sunt. Scirpus robustus var. spiculis glomerato-capitatis. Carex Mühlenbergii , Schkuhr.— C. longirostris , Torrey.— C. pellita , Mühlenb. Var. β (Schkuhr. t. Nun. f. 150).— C. acuta , Lin. Uncinia filifolia. (Carex filifolia, Nuttall.) Rare. Torrey and Schweinitz did not see it with ripe fr
21 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
GRAMINEÆ
GRAMINEÆ
Diagraphis arundinacea , P. de B. Hierochloa fragrans , Kunth. In nostro specimine glumæ flosculos adæquant; flosculi masculi circa apicem pubescentes. Stipa capillata , Lin. Sesleria dactyloides , Nutt. Deserves to form a distinct species, which belongs to the Chlorideæ, and from the habit should be placed next to Chondrosium. Two peduncles mostly come out of the upper sheath; some leaves are biennial. The unilateral spikes are hardly half an inch long, oval, and often tinged with violet on the
2 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
EQUISETACEÆ
EQUISETACEÆ
Equisetum arvense , L.— E. hyemale , L....
2 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
MUSCI FRONDOSI
MUSCI FRONDOSI
Mnium (Bryum) ciliare , Greville in Annals of the Lyc. of New York. 1825, IX. p. 273, t. 23. Our specimens are distinguished by the leaves being generally entire to the middle, in which they approximate to those of Mn. cuspidatum; but they are much narrower, cuneiform below, like those of Mn. affine. I always saw the Setæ single, much bent, and tortuous. Dicranum purpurascens , Hedw. (Ceratodon purpureus γ purpurascens, Brid.) Most probably; but the fruit is not quite formed. Neckera viticulosa.
1 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
LICHENES
LICHENES
Usnea hirta , Ach.— Parmelia tiliacea , Ach....
2 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
FUNGI
FUNGI
Polyporus velutinus , Fr., pileo supra sordide albo subfuligineo.— Exidia auricula Judæ , Fr. Syst. Myc. Our specimen is distinguished by its size and remarkably pale colour....
13 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
In November the following still occurred:
In November the following still occurred:
1. Quiscalus ferrugineus (a few). 2. Fulica americana (migrating). 3. Grus canadensis. 4. Podiceps carolin. (migrating). 5. Anas sponsa [Pg 346] [Pg 347] (in large numbers). 6. Anas crecca, querquedula, discors, and other species. 7. Fringilla erythrophthalma....
12 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
In December a few of the following:
In December a few of the following:
Fringilla erythrophthalma....
2 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
In the second half of January:
In the second half of January:
Columba migratoria. (This was due to the mildness of the winter.)...
5 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter
In February, returned:
In February, returned:
Beginning : 1. Anas sponsa. 2. Anas rufitorques. 3. Anas crecca. 4. Anas acuta. 5. Icterus phöniceus. Middle and end : 6. Falcones. 7. Fringilla erythrophthalma. 8. Scolopax. 9. Turdus migratorius. 10. Grus canadensis (flight of cranes). 11. Quiscalus versic. 12. Quiscalus ferrugineus. In the first part of March the following appeared in the region around Harmony: 1. Anser albifrons. 2. Anser canadensis. 3. Quisc. ferrugineus. 4. Quisc. versicolor. 5. Icterus phoeniceus. 6. Larus? (fourth of Mar
33 minute read
Read Chapter
Read Chapter