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Fruits Of The Hawaiian Islands

Gerrit Parmile Wilder

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FRUITS OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

FRUITS OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

BY GERRIT PARMILE WILDER ( Revised Edition, including Vol. 1, 1906. ) Illustrated by One Hundred and Twenty-One Half-Tone Plates with Descriptions of Same Copyright December 1906, December 1911 Gerrit Parmile Wilder Honolulu, T. H. Published by The Hawaiian Gazette Co., Ltd. 1911...

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PREFACE

PREFACE

My original intention with regard to this work, was to publish it in a series of three volumes; and to that end, the first volume was presented to the public in 1906. Since that time, however, I have deemed it advisable, for various reasons, to incorporate all my data in one volume. I desire to acknowledge my indebtedness for help in my researches, to various works on Horticulture, and to many of my personal friends who have given me valuable assistance. I trust that this work will prove of some

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Persea gratissima. AVOCADO, PALTA OR ALLIGATOR PEAR.

Persea gratissima. AVOCADO, PALTA OR ALLIGATOR PEAR.

Plate I. — Avocado. G. P. W. Collection. Plate II This spreading evergreen tree is a native of Tropical America. In the Hawaiian Islands, the first trees of its kind were said to have been planted in Pauoa Valley, Oahu, by Don Marin. It attains a height of from 10 to 40 feet, and is adverse to drought. Its leaves are elliptico-oblong, from 4 to 7 inches in length. The flowers are greenish-yellow and downy. The fruit, which ripens from June until November, is a round or pear-shaped drupe, covered

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Persea gratissima. AVOCADO.

Persea gratissima. AVOCADO.

Plate II. — Avocado. One third natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate III This variety is a native of Mexico, and although known as the Guatamala Avocado, it is more commonly to be found in the markets of the City of Mexico. Its leaves are purplish-green. The flowers, which appear in May and June, are like those of the preceding variety; and the drupe, which matures in the early part of the year, has a long stem. This fruit is round, from 3 to 5 inches in diameter, has a thick, tough, rough ri

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Punica Granatum. POMEGRANATE.

Punica Granatum. POMEGRANATE.

Plate IV. — Pomegranate. One half natural size....

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Ficus Carica (common variety). FIG.

Ficus Carica (common variety). FIG.

Plate V. — Fig. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate VI Some years ago, this variety of Fig was to be found growing in large numbers at Makawao, and in the Kula district of Maui. Now, however, there are few, if any, trees remaining, as a destructive blight, together with the lack of proper attention, has caused their extermination. This variety is very prolific. The fruit is small, pear-shaped, and has a particularly sweet and delicious flavor....

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Ficus Carica. FIG.

Ficus Carica. FIG.

Plate VI. — Fig. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate VII This is a low-growing tree with compact foliage. The leaves are small, and the fruit is round-turbinate, about 1 to 1½ inches in diameter. The skin is very thin, is light-green in color, turning to a greenish-yellow when thoroughly ripe. The pulp is pink, very sweet, and when quite ripe is free from milky juice. This variety is also prolific, is easily dried, and on this account would find a ready sale in our markets....

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Ficus Carica (white or lemon variety). FIG.

Ficus Carica (white or lemon variety). FIG.

Plate VII. — Fig. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate VIII This tree is found on all the large islands of the Polynesian groups, and in the Malaysian Archipelago. In the Hawaiian Islands it confines itself almost entirely to the moist, shady valleys, and thrives well, up to an elevation of 1800 feet. It is generally gregarious, and on the north side of East Maui it forms a forest belt. It attains a height of from 25 to 50 feet. Its dark, shiny, glabrous leaves are opposite, ellipti

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Jambosa malaccensis. MOUNTAIN APPLE, "OHIA AI."

Jambosa malaccensis. MOUNTAIN APPLE, "OHIA AI."

Plate VIII. — Mountain Apple. One third natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate IX This low-growing tree is very rare in the Hawaiian Islands. It was introduced here, from the Solomon Islands, by Mr. A. Jaeger. The foliage and crimson flowers resemble those of the Jambosa malaccensis , but the drupe is not so highly colored, and is, in shape, much more elongated. Specimens of this sweet, edible fruit have measured 5 inches in length....

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Jambosa sp. (Solomon Island variety). WATER APPLE.

Jambosa sp. (Solomon Island variety). WATER APPLE.

Plate IX. — Water Apple. One fourth natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate X This tree is a native of the Malay Islands. The foliage is symmetrical, and its opposite, shiny leaves are broad, lanceolate, and obtusely-acuminate. The pure white flowers, which bloom from March until June, are about ½-inch in diameter, and are produced in bunches on the naked branches. The fruit, which is also produced in bunches, ripens in October. It is transversely oval in shape, about 1 to 1½ inches in diameter

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Jambosa sp. (white variety). WATER APPLE.

Jambosa sp. (white variety). WATER APPLE.

Plate X. — Water Apple. One half natural size....

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Jambosa sp. (red variety). WATER APPLE.

Jambosa sp. (red variety). WATER APPLE.

Plate XI. — Water Apple. One third natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XII This evergreen tree, which is a native of the West Indies, is of medium size, reaching a height of from 20 to 30 feet. It grows well in Hawaii, and is found at an elevation of 2000 feet. It is propagated from seed, as well as from cuttings of the ripe wood. The leaves are lanceolate, acuminate, thick and shiny. The large, fluffy flowers which appear from January until April, are produced freely, and are a beautiful c

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Eugenia Jambos. ROSE APPLE.

Eugenia Jambos. ROSE APPLE.

Plate XII. — Rose Apple. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XIII This evergreen shrub, or low-growing tree, which in many countries is said to reach a height of but 6 feet, in Hawaii attains a height of 20 feet; and although it thrives in comparatively high altitudes, it bears best below the 200-foot elevation, and requires considerable moisture. The bluntish, dark, shiny leaves, which are scale-like along the branches, are obovate, oblong, and about 3 inches in length. The blosso

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Eugenia brasiliensis. BRAZILIAN PLUM, OR SPANISH CHERRY.

Eugenia brasiliensis. BRAZILIAN PLUM, OR SPANISH CHERRY.

Plate XIII. — Brazilian Plum, or Spanish Cherry. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XIV This shrub is said to be a native of Brazil. In Hawaii, it is a common garden plant, sometimes reaching a height of 10 feet. Its glossy leaves are ovate-lanceolate, and its peduncles short. It has small, single, white fragrant flowers. The mature fruit, which resembles a cherry, is about 1 inch in diameter, and is ribbed longitudinally. It has a delicious, spicy, acid flavor. There is generally

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Eugenia uniflora. FRENCH CHERRY.

Eugenia uniflora. FRENCH CHERRY.

Plate XIV. — French Cherry. One third natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XV This is a small Malayan tree which is rare in Hawaii. It has regular, opposite, large, broad leaves; with the stems and branches four-sided. The purplish-white flowers are produced in clusters. The waxy light-green fruits, with a persistent calyx, resemble a small guava. These fruits have a very tough, pithy skin and pulp combined, which is edible, but too dry to be agreeable. The seed is large in proportion to the

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Eugenia sp.

Eugenia sp.

Plate XV. — Eugenia sp. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XVI This tall, hardy tree is a native of Southern Asia. In Polynesia it grows well, up to an elevation of 5000 feet. It is a very common tree in the Hawaiian Islands. Its leaves, which are from 4 to 6 inches long, and from 2 to 3 inches broad, are opposite, obtuse or shortly-acuminate. The flowers, which bloom in June, July and August, are white and quite fragrant, and are especially attractive to the honey-bee. The oblong

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Syzygium Jambolana. JAVA PLUM.

Syzygium Jambolana. JAVA PLUM.

Plate XVI. — Java Plum. One half natural size....

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Syzygium Jambolana (small variety). JAVA PLUM.

Syzygium Jambolana (small variety). JAVA PLUM.

Plate XVII. — Java Plum. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XVIII This tree, which is said to have been named after Averrhoes, an Arabian physician, is a native of Insular India, and is much cultivated in India and China. It is evergreen, with dense foliage, and grows to a height of from 15 to 20 feet. It is easily propagated from seeds, and fruits in about three years. In Hawaii it bears one crop annually, the flowers appearing in July and the fruit in November and December. The

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Averrhoa Carambola.

Averrhoa Carambola.

Plate XVIII. — Averrhoa Carambola. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XIX This tree, which grows on almost all of the Islands of the Hawaiian group, is a fine evergreen, growing to a height of from 10 to 20 feet, and producing a fruit which is much prized in warm countries. The bark possesses tonic properties, and from the juice chewing-gum is made. Its foliage is dense, and the shiny leaves are thick, lance-oblong, entire, and clustered at the ends of the branches. The flowers, w

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Achras Sapota. SAPODILLA, OR NASEBERRY.

Achras Sapota. SAPODILLA, OR NASEBERRY.

Plate XIX. — Sapodilla, or Naseberry. One half natural size....

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Casimiroa edulis. WHITE SAPOTA.

Casimiroa edulis. WHITE SAPOTA.

Plate XX. — White Sapota. One fourth natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XXI The Peach-tree is said by some authorities to be indigenous to Persia, while by others it is claimed to be a native of China. It is a hardy tree, and has been known to bear fruit precociously even in the second year after planting. If allowed to do so, the Peach will grow to a height of about 15 feet; but it should be pruned annually, in order to secure a good crop. Its leaves are lanceolate and coarsely serrate. T

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Prunus Persica. PEACH.

Prunus Persica. PEACH.

Plate XXI. — Peach. One half natural size....

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Chrysophyllum Cainito (purple variety). STAR APPLE.

Chrysophyllum Cainito (purple variety). STAR APPLE.

Plate XXII. — Star Apple. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XXIII This tree, which bears its fruit in from four to five years, has about the same characteristics as that of the preceding variety. The fruit is somewhat larger, and is not quite so sweet. In color it is pale green, shaded with purple....

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Chrysophyllum Cainito (white variety). STAR APPLE.

Chrysophyllum Cainito (white variety). STAR APPLE.

Plate XXIII. — Star Apple. One half natural size....

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Chrysophyllum monopyrenum.

Chrysophyllum monopyrenum.

Plate XXIV. — Chrysophyllum monopyrenum. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XXV This handsome evergreen tree, with its bright, glossy leaves, is very suitable for hedges and for windbreaks. It has alternate, elliptic leaves 3 to 3½ inches long. The small, solitary flowers, have many creamy-white petals, and are very fragrant; from them perfume is obtained by distillation. The yellow fruit is about the shape and size of a small olive, and contains a dry, mealy pulp which is edible,

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Mimusops Elengi.

Mimusops Elengi.

Plate XXV. — Mimusops Elengi. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XXVI This deciduous tree is said to be a native of the Society Islands, and is common to the tropics of both hemispheres. It is a large, spreading and graceful tree, reaching a height of from 30 to 50 feet. Its pinnate leaves are green and glossy; the leaflets are oval-oblong and opposite. The foliage is shed from December until April. The flowers are paniculate, small, and greenish-white. The fruit, which ripens fro

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Spondias dulcis. "WI."

Spondias dulcis. "WI."

Plate XXVI. — Spondias dulcis. One third natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XXVII This tree is distributed over Tropical America, West Africa and Java, where it is commonly called the Hog Plum, and is used for fattening swine. In Jamaica it grows well, up to an elevation of 4000 feet. It is a large, graceful tree, about 50 feet high, with spreading branches, and it is particularly beautiful when in fruit. The pinnate leaves are a clear green, the leaflets are ovate-lanceolate, and the gold

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Spondias lutea. HOG PLUM.

Spondias lutea. HOG PLUM.

Plate XXVII. — Hog Plum. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XXVIII The Mammee Apple, which grows well in Hawaii, is a native of the West Indies, and is a fruit much esteemed in tropical countries. In Jamaica it thrives well, up to an elevation of 3000 feet. The tree attains a height of from 30 to 40 feet, and the wood, which is beautifully grained, is durable and well adapted to building purposes. Its leaves are rigid and leathery. The round seeds, varying in number from 1 to 4, g

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Mammea Americana. MAMMEE APPLE.

Mammea Americana. MAMMEE APPLE.

Plate XXVIII. — Mammee Apple. One fourth natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XXIX The name is derived from Tamar, Arabic for Date, and Indus, Indian; thus literally meaning Indian Date. It is a native of the Indies, Egypt and Arabia. The tree is never leafless, and the foliage is graceful, pinnated and acacia like. It bears one crop a year, the season varying somewhat according to the location and elevation. It yields a handsome, hard and close-grained furniture wood, which is yellowish-whi

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Tamarindus indica. TAMARIND.

Tamarindus indica. TAMARIND.

Plate XXIX. — Tamarind. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XXX This fine tree attains a height of from 60 to 80 feet; it derives its name from the Malay word "dury," a thorn, in reference to the prickly covering of the fruit. The leaves, which are a light, glossy green on the upper surface, are alternate, entire, elliptical and acute. The yellowish-white flowers are large. The fruit, which is either globular or oval, sometimes measures 10 inches in length. It has a hard rind, cove

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Durio zibethinus. DURION.

Durio zibethinus. DURION.

Plate XXX. — Durion. One third natural size....

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Coffea arabica. ARABIAN COFFEE.

Coffea arabica. ARABIAN COFFEE.

Plate XXXI. — Arabian Coffee. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XXXII This species is a tall grower, is highly ornamental in foliage, and is a rich bearer. Its leaves are from 6 to 12 inches long. The white flowers come in dense clusters, and are more robust and productive than are those of the Arabica. The berries are nearly spherical, and in color are a dull crimson. The pulp is large in proportion to the size of the seeds. Although this variety has not become popular in Hawaii

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Coffea liberica. LIBERIAN COFFEE.

Coffea liberica. LIBERIAN COFFEE.

Plate XXXII. — Liberian Coffee. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XXXIII This odorous tree is a native of China. It is a symmetrical evergreen with dense foliage. The light, mossy-green leaves are imparipinnate, the leaflets ovate-repand, and they are rough on the under surface. The flowers, which are borne in clusters, on the new wood, are small, yellow, and very fragrant. The fruit ripens from June until October; it is about the size of a gooseberry; the skin is yellowish-brown

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Clausena Wampi. WAMPI.

Clausena Wampi. WAMPI.

Plate XXXIII. — Wampi. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XXXIV This shrub, or bush, is a native of Brazil, but is naturalized in many warm countries. It stands partially erect, reaching a height of from 1½ to 3 feet. Its pointed leaves, heart-shaped at the base, are very fuzzy. The open, bell-shaped flowers are yellow in color. The fruit, which is about the size of a cherry, is enclosed in a thin, yellow, paper-like husk, which is quite hairy. When ripe, the fruit is yellow, and

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Physalis peruviana. CAPE GOOSEBERRY—"POHA."

Physalis peruviana. CAPE GOOSEBERRY—"POHA."

Plate XXXIV. — Cape Gooseberry. One third natural size....

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Carica Papaya. PAPAYA (fruit, female tree).

Carica Papaya. PAPAYA (fruit, female tree).

The fruit of the Papaya ripens successively. It is either round or oblong, and sometimes weighs eight pounds. The skin is thin, and is bright yellow when ripe. The firm, yellow pulp has a delicious flavor, and the milky juice contains a digestive principle similar to pepsin. The seed cavity is large, and is filled with many small seeds which are enveloped in a loose, mucous coat, with a brittle, pitted testa. When fresh these seeds germinate readily....

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Carica Papaya. PAPAYA (fruit, male tree).

Carica Papaya. PAPAYA (fruit, male tree).

G. P. W. Collection. Plate XXXVII This species of dwarf Papaya is of recent introduction to Hawaii. It has a soft, hollow trunk, and low, spreading branches. The leaves are deeply lobed, of a light green color on the upper side, and whitish-green underneath. Flowers dioecious, yellowish-green, having five petals. Fruit the size of a large olive, green, and ribbed with five white stripes, changing to yellow when ripe. The yellow pulp, containing numerous seeds, has a strong pesin flavor that is q

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Carica quercifolia.

Carica quercifolia.

Plate XXXVII. — Carica quercifolia. One third natural size....

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Citrus Japonica. Var. "Hazara." CHINESE ORANGE.

Citrus Japonica. Var. "Hazara." CHINESE ORANGE.

G. P. W. Collection. Plate XXXIX The Kumquat is a native of Cochin-China, and is also cultivated in Japan, Florida, and California. It is a low-growing bush or shrub, having smooth, angular branches, and in both the round and oval varieties the dark foliage is dense and beautiful. It is a very prolific bearer. Its leaves are small, lanceolate, slightly serrate, pointed or blunt and wedge-shaped at the base. The small, white flowers come solitary or in clusters, the fruit varies in size from a la

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Citrus Japonica. KUMQUAT.

Citrus Japonica. KUMQUAT.

Plate XXXIX. — Kumquat. Two thirds natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XL This small tree or thornless shrub with its dense foliage is a native of Cochin-China, and fine specimens of this tree, with its golden fruit in season, can be found in many gardens about Honolulu, especially those of the Chinese. Its leaves are lanceolate, its petioles short. Flowers are white and fragrant. The fruit is compressed-spherical, apex depressed, a ridge about the stem. The thin peel is greenish-yellow, ba

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Citrus Nobilis. MANDARIN ORANGE.

Citrus Nobilis. MANDARIN ORANGE.

Plate XL. — Mandarin Orange. Two thirds natural size....

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Citrus medica limetta. LIME.

Citrus medica limetta. LIME.

G. P. W. Collection. Plate XLII This is a spreading tree, having ovate-oblong, fragrant leaves with short petioles. The flowers are small and white. The medium-sized fruit is egg-shaped, ending in a nipple-like point. The thin, smooth skin is aromatic. The juicy pulp is rich in citric acid. Many choice varieties of lemons have been introduced to Hawaii, but they have not thrived particularly well, because of the scale and insect pests which so greedily attack them; eternal vigilance is necessary

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Citrus medica limonum. LEMON.

Citrus medica limonum. LEMON.

Plate XLII. — Lemon. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XLIII This variety is very hardy, bears profusely, and requires much more water than does the orange. Being a strong, vigorous grower, it forms an excellent stock upon which to graft the citrus varieties. The flower is white, with a reddish tint outside. The fruit is generally oval, and contains many seeds. The pale yellow skin is rough and warty. The pulp is coarse-grained and very juicy. It comes true to seed....

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Citrus medica var. limonum. ROUGH-SKIN LEMON.

Citrus medica var. limonum. ROUGH-SKIN LEMON.

Plate XLIII. — Rough-skin Lemon. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XLIV This tree, which grows to a height of from 20 to 35 feet, is cultivated in all tropical and sub-tropical countries. Its young branches are pale green, angular and glabrous. The leaves are oblong, ovate and pointed, and the petioles are narrowly winged. Its flowers are white and very fragrant. This variety of orange, locally known as the Waialua orange, has a bright yellow fruit, generally round, with a coarse

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Citrus Aurantium Sinense. WAIALUA ORANGE.

Citrus Aurantium Sinense. WAIALUA ORANGE.

Plate XLIV. — Waialua Orange. One half natural size....

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Citrus Aurantium. BAHIA, OR WASHINGTON NAVEL ORANGE.

Citrus Aurantium. BAHIA, OR WASHINGTON NAVEL ORANGE.

Plate XLV. — Bahia, or Washington Navel Orange. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XLVI This hardy tree, with its spreading branches, grows to a height of from 15 to 20 feet. It is extensively cultivated in India, and widely distributed over the Malayan and Polynesian Islands. It was early introduced to the Hawaiian Islands, presumably by the Chinese, who seem to be especially fond of the fruit, as it is always an important feature of their New Year's decorations. The leaves are l

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Citrus Decumana. POMELO OR SHADDOCK (pear-shaped var.).

Citrus Decumana. POMELO OR SHADDOCK (pear-shaped var.).

Plate XLVI. — Pomelo or Shaddock ( pear-shaped var. ) One third natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XLVII The fruit of this round variety is smaller than that of the preceding variety. The light-yellow rind is coarse, spongy, thick, and leathery. The cells of the pulp are coarse, dry, and have a bitter, sub-acid flavor. There are many large, wedge-shaped seeds....

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Citrus Decumana. POMELO OR SHADDOCK (round var.)

Citrus Decumana. POMELO OR SHADDOCK (round var.)

Plate XLVII. — Pomelo or Shaddock ( round var. ) One third natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XLVIII The first breadfruit trees were brought from Tahiti by the Hawaiians who, landing at Ewa, carried them across the mountain, and presented them to one of the Chiefs of Oahu, who lived at Kualoa. There they were planted and thrived. At the present day this variety of the breadfruit, now called the Hawaiian variety, is to be found growing wild throughout the Islands. There are many varieties o

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Artocarpus incisa. BREADFRUIT (Hawaiian var.) "ULU."

Artocarpus incisa. BREADFRUIT (Hawaiian var.) "ULU."

Plate XLVIII. — Breadfruit ( Hawaiian var. )—" Ulu. " One third natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XLIX This variety was introduced to these Islands by Mr. James Bicknell. Its large, oval leaves are leathery and rough, and less deeply lobed than are those of the Hawaiian variety. The round fruit has a characteristic raised ring where it is attached to the long stem. The yellowish-green rind is reticulated, and the orange-colored pulp is somewhat sticky when cooked, and is very sweet. This

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Artocarpus incisa. BREADFRUIT (Samoan var.)

Artocarpus incisa. BREADFRUIT (Samoan var.)

Plate XLIX. — Breadfruit ( Samoan var. ) One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate L This variety of Tahitian breadfruit is found only in a few gardens in Hawaii. Its glossy green leaves are nearly entire. The oblong fruit has a deep yellow pulp, with very little fibre....

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Artocarpus incisa. BREADFRUIT (Tahitian var.)

Artocarpus incisa. BREADFRUIT (Tahitian var.)

Plate L. — Breadfruit ( Tahitian var. ) One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate LI This seeding variety is rarely cultivated on account of its inferior fruit. The leaves are slightly lobed. The fruit is oblong with a short, thick stem, and is covered with short, hard projections. The fibrous pulp contains numerous large seeds, which are edible when cooked....

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Artocarpus incisa. FERTILE BREADFRUIT.

Artocarpus incisa. FERTILE BREADFRUIT.

Plate LI. — Fertile Breadfruit. One third natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate LII This tree is a native of India and Malay. And was introduced to Hawaii by Mr. David Forbes of Kukuihaele, Hawaii. The Jack fruit is a large, handsome tree, with leaves from 4 to 6 inches in length, which on the old growth are obovate-oblong and on the young branches are narrow. The oblong, irregular fruit, which varies in weight from 20 to 60 pounds, is borne on the trunk, as well as on the old branches. The g

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Artocarpus integrifolia. JACK FRUIT.

Artocarpus integrifolia. JACK FRUIT.

Plate LII. — Jack Fruit. One fourth natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate LIII This small, hardy evergreen tree is very common in Hawaii. Its dark green, glabrous leaves are pointed, elliptical, and are shiny on the upper surface, but rusty beneath. The greenish-yellow flowers are usually solitary, and have a peculiar odor. The fruit is large, varying in weight from 1 to 15 pounds. In shape, it is either oblong or conical and blunt. The rough, dark green, shiny skin, which is irregular in thi

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Anona muricata. SOUR SOP.

Anona muricata. SOUR SOP.

Plate LIII. — Sour Sop. One third natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate LIV The Cherimoyer, a well-known fruit of the tropics, is said to be a native of Peru. It is naturalized in Central America, is hardy in the mildest coast regions of Spain, and in Jamaica is cultivated up to an elevation of nearly 5000 feet. It thrives on the Florida Keys, and is also grown to a limited extent in Southern California. The tree grows to a height of from 10 to 20 feet; its branches are spreading, and the dar

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Anona Cherimolia. CHERIMOYER.

Anona Cherimolia. CHERIMOYER.

Plate LIV. — Cherimoyer. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate LV This tree, which is not common in Hawaii, is rather delicate, and grows to a height of from 10 to 15 feet. It is a native of the Antilles, and is a very popular tree in the West Indies. It thrives in Southern California. Its leaves, which are either lanceolate or oblong and pointed, are glabrous above and rough beneath. In color they are light green and rather brittle, when bruised they emit a very unpleasant odor. The

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Anona reticulata. CUSTARD APPLE.

Anona reticulata. CUSTARD APPLE.

Plate LV. — Custard Apple. One third natural size....

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Anona squamosa. SUGAR APPLE—SWEET SOP.

Anona squamosa. SUGAR APPLE—SWEET SOP.

Plate LVI. — Sugar Apple — Sweet Sop. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate LVII The Guava is an extensive genus of low-growing evergreen trees, found chiefly in the West Indies, South America, and China. They have become naturalized in Hawaii, and may be found growing wild on waste lands and by the roadside. In some localities growing so rank as to become troublesome. The leaves are oval to oblong, usually acuminate, glabrous above and pubescent beneath, and have prominent veins. Th

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Psidium Guayava pomiferum. (Common guava.)

Psidium Guayava pomiferum. (Common guava.)

Plate LVII. — Psidium Guayava pomiferum ( common guava ). One half natural size....

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Psidium Guayava. (Sweet red guava.)

Psidium Guayava. (Sweet red guava.)

G. P. W. Collection. Plate LIX The lemon guava tree grows taller and somewhat more erect than the others. The pear-shaped fruit is large, often 3 inches in length. It has a rough, greenish-white skin, and the white pulp is sweet. This is a cultivated variety, and is found growing in a few gardens in these Islands....

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Psidium Guayava. (White lemon guava.)

Psidium Guayava. (White lemon guava.)

Plate LIX. — Psidium Guayava ( white lemon guava ). One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate LX This handsome evergreen tree was an early introduced species, and now is very common about the islands. Grows very symmetrically, and attains the height of 20 to 25 feet. Leaves, small, lanceolate, shiny, the trunk and branches smooth. Flowers white and very fragrant; fruit small, pear-shaped, pulp yellow and containing many seeds; this species is very prolific, but the fruit is inferior....

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Psidium Guayava pyriferum. "WAIAWI."

Psidium Guayava pyriferum. "WAIAWI."

Plate LX. —" Waiawi. " One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate LXI One of the hardiest of the guavas, and said to be a native of Brazil. The date of its introduction to Hawaii is not recorded, and as Hillebrand makes no mention of it, it is probably of recent importation. A shrubby tree 15 to 20 feet high. Leaves opposite, obovate, small, leathery, dark-green, shiny. Flowers white, fragrant. Fruit spherical, about one inch in diameter, purple-reddish when ripe, soft, juicy pulp, which

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Psidium Cattleyanum. STRAWBERRY GUAVA.

Psidium Cattleyanum. STRAWBERRY GUAVA.

Plate LXI. — Strawberry Guava. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate LXII This low-growing shrub is occasionally cultivated in these Islands. It has opposite obovate leaves, and fragrant white flowers. The round fruit, which has a sweet, yellow pulp, is larger than the strawberry guava, and has a more delicate flavor....

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Psidium Cattleyanum. (var. lucidum.)

Psidium Cattleyanum. (var. lucidum.)

Plate LXII. — Psidium Cattleyanum. (var. lucidum .) One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate LXIII This species was introduced to Hawaii by Mr. A. Jaeger; and a single specimen of its kind is now growing at the Old Plantation, Honolulu. It is a low-growing, slender, willow-like tree of straggling growth. The opposite leaves are small, stiff and rough. The white flowers are fragrant. The small, round fruit is brownish-green, turning to a pale yellow when ripe. The white pulp is slightly

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Psidium molle.

Psidium molle.

Plate LXIII. — Psidium molle. One half natural size....

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Mangifera indica. MANGO.

Mangifera indica. MANGO.

Within the past ten years improved varieties have been imported; notably the Alphonse, Cambodiana, Pirie, and many others. These have thrived well and have borne delicious fruit; from them many grafts have been made and the finer grades of mangoes have been disseminated. Propagation is effected by seed, by grafting or inarching, and by budding. The mango as a rule does not come true to seed; also seedlings take much longer to fruit than do the grafted trees. Plate LXIV. — Mango. One third natura

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Mangifera indica. MANINI MANGO.

Mangifera indica. MANINI MANGO.

Plate LXV. — Manini Mango. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate LXVI This mango, with its distinctive shape, is one of the few types that comes true to seed. The first and original tree, which was planted at the Government Nursery, Honolulu, was brought from Jamaica by Joseph Marsden, Esq. This tree is a prolific bearer, and its seeds have been widely distributed throughout these Islands. The fruit is large and regular in size, having a thick skin which is of a light-green color. Th

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Mangifera indica. NO. 9 MANGO.

Mangifera indica. NO. 9 MANGO.

Plate LXVI. — No. 9 Mango. One half natural size....

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Musa varieties. BANANA—"MAIA."

Musa varieties. BANANA—"MAIA."

The flowers are arranged in a dense terminal panicle; they alternate with large, reddish scales, which drop off as the fruit stalk develops, and the finger-like fruits are in clusters. The Hawaiians seem to have possessed the banana from the earliest times, and about fifty varieties were known to the older natives. However, since the year 1855, the so-called Chinese banana ( Musa Cavendishii ), which was at that time introduced from Tahiti, has crowded out the native varieties, many of which are

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Morinda citrifolia. "NONI."

Morinda citrifolia. "NONI."

Plate LXVIII. —" Noni. " One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate LXIX This is an erect dwarf shrub growing to a height of from one to two feet, having stiff, crowded branches with leaves varying in form, from oblong to obovate, and in color from green to green tinged with yellow and red. The white flowers are solitary, and come mostly in the axils of the true leaves. The globose fruit is a fleshy, shiny berry, much resembling the cranberry; in color it is yellow or pale rose, and is co

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Vaccinium reticulatum. "OHELO."

Vaccinium reticulatum. "OHELO."

Plate LXIX. —" Ohelo. " Natural size....

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Solanum Lycopersicum. GRAPE TOMATO.

Solanum Lycopersicum. GRAPE TOMATO.

The second illustration is that of the grape tomato, which has grayish-green leaves and slender, ascending stems. The leaves are pinnate with small, nearly entire leaflets; the main leaflets are notched or even lobed toward the base. The fruit is a bright red berry about half an inch in diameter, and is fresh and aromatic. Plate LXX. — Currant Tomato. Grape Tomato. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate LXXI This glabrous, annual, growing from 1 to 2 feet in height, is Common to mos

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Solanum nodiflorum. "POPOLO."

Solanum nodiflorum. "POPOLO."

Plate LXXI. —" Popolo. " Natural size....

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Aleurites moluccana. CANDLENUT TREE—"KUKUI NUT."

Aleurites moluccana. CANDLENUT TREE—"KUKUI NUT."

G. P. W. Collection. Plate LXXIII This deciduous tree, generally called Kamani by the Hawaiians, with its spreading branches in horizontal whorls or layers, is one of the familiar and useful shade trees of these Islands. Leaves large, opposite, broadly obovate-obtuse, very short petioled, and turning brilliant shades of red and yellow during the autumn. Flowers greenish-white on long spikes, upper ones staminate, the lower ones perfect. The almond-shaped fruit is a compressed hard, nut-like body

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Terminalia Cattapa. TROPICAL ALMOND. "KAMANI."

Terminalia Cattapa. TROPICAL ALMOND. "KAMANI."

Plate LXXIII. — Tropical Almond —" Kamani. " One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate LXXIV This Kamani is a large tropical tree, having shiny, leathery, evergreen foliage. Its leaves are obovate, usually marginate, and its white flowers are very fragrant. The fruit, which generally comes in clusters, is round, about the size of a large walnut, and has a thin, leathery skin which covers a boney shell, inside of which is a corky substance surrounding the seed or kernel. This tree was an

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Calophyllum inophyllum. "KAMANI."

Calophyllum inophyllum. "KAMANI."

Plate LXXIV. —" Kamani. " One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate LXXV This tree is a native of Madagascar and also of Mauritius. A fine specimen may be seen at the Government Nursery, Honolulu. It is a handsome evergreen with entire, cuneate, coriacious leaves, having short petioles. The yellowish flowers come in clusters, and are quite fragrant. The fruit is a one-celled drupe, almost round, and about an inch in diameter. It is purple when ripe, and has a tough skin. The sweet, edibl

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Noronhia emarginata.

Noronhia emarginata.

Plate LXXV. — Noronhia emarginata. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate LXXVI This is a close-headed tree of slender growth, attaining a height of from 30 to 50 feet. Its leaves are smaller than those of other chestnuts, generally from 3 to 7 inches long, and are either rounded at the base or reduced to a long, bristle-like point. The monoecious flowers are arranged in long catkins. The small burs have a thin, papery lining, and short, widely-branching spines. The nuts are large and

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Castanea sativa. JAPANESE CHESTNUT.

Castanea sativa. JAPANESE CHESTNUT.

Plate LXXVI. — Japanese Chestnut. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate LXXVII This tree, which is said to be a native of the Moluccas, is an evergreen of very rapid growth. Its straight trunk, with smooth, ashen-grey bark, its spreading branches, with their dense green foliage, make a very ornamental as well as useful tree. Its leaves are alternate and simple. The small, fragrant, pale yellow flowers are very numerous. The drupe is obliquely oval, and about the size of a goose egg,

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Inocarpus edulis. TAHITIAN CHESTNUT.

Inocarpus edulis. TAHITIAN CHESTNUT.

Plate LXXVII. — Tahitian Chestnut. One third natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate LXXVIII This medium-sized nut-bearing tree is found growing in Java, Guam and the Philippines, and from any one of those countries may have been introduced to Hawaii. A fine specimen may be seen at the Government Nursery, Honolulu. Its leaves are alternate, odd pinnate. The small flowers come in terminal panicles. The fruit or nut is ellipsoidal. The thick skin, which is purple-colored when ripe, covers a hard,

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Canarium commune. CANARY NUT.

Canarium commune. CANARY NUT.

Plate LXXVIII. — Canary Nut. One half natural size....

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Canarium commune. CANARY NUT (round variety).

Canarium commune. CANARY NUT (round variety).

Plate LXXIX. — Canary Nut ( round var. ) One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate LXXX This sub-tropical Australian tree sometimes grows to a height of 60 feet, but in Hawaii is of medium size. It is symmetrical and handsome, having dark green, shiny foliage, and long tassel-like white flowers. Its glabrous leaves are sessile, oblong, lanceolate, serrate, with fine prickly teeth, and come in whorls of 3 to 4, varying in length from a few inches to a foot. Flowers small; fruit has a thic

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Macadamia ternifolia. QUEENSLAND NUT.

Macadamia ternifolia. QUEENSLAND NUT.

Plate LXXX. — Queensland Nut. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate LXXXI This variety of the Queensland nut has leaves and fruit larger than those of Macadamia ternifolia ....

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Macadamia sp.

Macadamia sp.

Plate LXXXI. — Macadamia sp. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate LXXXII This small spinose tree is a native of tropical Asia, and although not commonly grown in Hawaii, specimens may be found in several gardens. It has alternate trifoliolate leaves, and flowers, which grow in clusters, are small and fragrant. The gourd-like fruit, with its hard shell, is from 2 to 4 inches in diameter, and is either round or pear-shaped, and although heavy and solid, it will float in water. The rin

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Aegle Marmelos. BHEL OR BAEL FRUIT.

Aegle Marmelos. BHEL OR BAEL FRUIT.

Plate LXXXII. — Bhel or Bael Fruit. One third natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate LXXXIII This is an evergreen tree rarely found in Hawaii. It has alternate, irregular, long, narrow leaves, shiny dark-green on the upper side, a velvety light-green on the underside, and has a long petiole. The branches are brittle, light-green, smooth and shiny when young, and after the leaves shed become woody and inclined to dry back. The trunk and bark of the tree is covered with warty excresences. The so

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Diospyros decandra. BROWN PERSIMMON.

Diospyros decandra. BROWN PERSIMMON.

Plate LXXXIII. — Brown Persimmon. Natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate LXXXIV This small evergreen tree, which is a native of Brazil, is found only in one or two gardens in Honolulu. Its leaves are elliptic-obovate, resembling those of the mango. The yellow flowers are single, the fruit is the size and shape of a hen's egg, and has the flavor of the yolk of an egg sweetened with sugar. It has from one to three large seeds, which are easily germinated....

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Lucuma Rivicoa. EGG FRUIT.

Lucuma Rivicoa. EGG FRUIT.

Plate LXXXIV. — Egg Fruit. One third natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate LXXXV The Loquat has been for many years a familiar fruit in our gardens, and is a native of China and Japan. It is a low evergreen tree with thick foliage, and in congenial climates is a profuse bearer. Its leaves are thick, oblong, and remotely toothed and grow near the ends of the branches. The white flowers grow in clusters, are very fragrant, and the fruit, which also ripens in clusters, about Christmas time, is p

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Eriobotrya Japonica. LOQUAT.

Eriobotrya Japonica. LOQUAT.

Plate LXXXV. — Loquat. One fourth natural size....

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Litchi Chinensis. "LICHEE."

Litchi Chinensis. "LICHEE."

The fruiting season is in July, and as there are but few trees here that bear, high prices are obtained for this rare fruit, which is much prized by the Chinese. Fresh seeds will germinate, but it requires so many years for these seedlings to bear that grafted and budded plants are imported from China. Plate LXXXVI. —" Lichee. " One third natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate LXXXVII This tree is a native of India and Southern China. It produces its flowers and fruits at about the same time o

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Euphoria Longana. LONGAN.

Euphoria Longana. LONGAN.

Plate LXXXVII. — Longan. One third natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate LXXXVIII This low-growing tree is a native of southwestern Russia and Persia. It has rough, dark-green leaves, usually not lobed. The thick, fleshy fruit is variable in size. The mulberry grows readily from cuttings....

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Morus nigra. MULBERRY.

Morus nigra. MULBERRY.

Plate LXXXVIII. — Mulberry. One third natural size....

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Garcinia mangostana. MANGOSTEEN.

Garcinia mangostana. MANGOSTEEN.

Many Mangosteen trees have been brought to Hawaii, and have received intelligent care, but they have not thrived well; and have eventually died. Only two have ever produced fruit; one in the garden of Mr. Francis Gay of Kauai, which bears its fruit annually, and the other tree at Lahaina, Maui, in the garden formerly the property of Mr. Harry Turton. Plate LXXXIX. — Mangosteen. Two thirds natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XC This handsome tree is a native of India, and was first introduce

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Garcinia Xanthochymus.

Garcinia Xanthochymus.

Plate XC. — Garcinia Xanthochymus. One third natural size....

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Bunchosia sp.

Bunchosia sp.

Plate XCI. — Bunchosia sp. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XCII This small shrub is a native of the West Indies. Its dull-green leaves are opposite, ovate and glabrous, either entire or spiny-toothed. The rose-colored flowers are axillary and five-petaled. The bright red fruit is about the size of a cherry, and has a thin skin, and its acid pulp is used for jam and preserves. The seeds or stones are large, four-angled, and germinate readily; plants are also produced by cuttings

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Malpighia glabra. BARBADOS CHERRY.

Malpighia glabra. BARBADOS CHERRY.

Plate XCII. — Barbados Cherry. Natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XCIII In Hawaii this tropical tree grows to a height of from 10 to 30 feet. It has large, pointed leaves, and the new growth is wine-colored. The flowers appear on the trunk and mature branches, and the fruit which follows is about 8 to 12 inches long, and is called the pod; inside of this pod are beans or seeds, from which the commercial product called cocoa is made, through a process of drying and curing. Chocolate is the

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Theobroma Cacao. CHOCOLATE, COCOA.

Theobroma Cacao. CHOCOLATE, COCOA.

Plate XCIII. — Chocolate, Cocoa. One fourth natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XCIV This bush or shrub is a showy annual growing to a height of from 5 to 7 feet. The stems are reddish, and the pale yellow flowers solitary. The leaves are palmate and of a light-green color. It is widely cultivated in the tropics, in Florida, and in Southern California; and also thrives in Hawaii. The dark crimson calyces are very fleshy and make excellent jelly, which has somewhat the flavor of the cranberr

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Hibiscus Sabdariffa. ROSELLE.

Hibiscus Sabdariffa. ROSELLE.

Plate XCIV. — Roselle. One third natural size....

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Monstera deliciosa.

Monstera deliciosa.

Plate XCV. — Monstera deliciosa. One fourth natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XCVI This spreading tree is a native of the West Indies; and although it is seen in several gardens of our Islands, it is not common. The first tree of its kind was planted by Mr. Henry Davis in his grounds at Punahou. The tree grows to a height of from 15 to 20 feet. The light-green, leathery leaves are oval and rough, its pink flowers have a peculiar, strong fragrance. The fruit consists of two distinct parts;

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Anacardium occidentale. CASHEW NUT.

Anacardium occidentale. CASHEW NUT.

Plate XCVI. — Cashew Nut. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XCVII This tree, which grows to a height of from 15 to 20 feet, is a native of China, from which country it was probably introduced to these Islands. Its branches are usually prickly; the leaves, which are from 1 to 3 inches in length, are alternate, ovate to oblong, obtuse, and are dark green and glabrous above, and tawny and nearly white beneath. The flowers are axillary. The yellow fruit, which ripens in March, is abo

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Ziziphus Jujuba. "JUJUBE."

Ziziphus Jujuba. "JUJUBE."

Plate XCVII. —" Jujube. " One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate XCVIII There is but one tree of this species that has ever fruited in Honolulu. It is to be found growing in the grounds of the Royal Mausoleum, Nuuanu Valley. It is of medium height, having a crooked trunk, and its thin, scattered branches grow irregularly. The numerous alternate leaves are pinnate, the obtuse leaflets growing close together, and are from one-half to three-fourths of an inch in length. Its minute flower

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Phyllanthus emblica.

Phyllanthus emblica.

Plate XCVIII. Phyllanthus emblica. One half natural size....

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Phyllanthus distichus. OTAHEITI GOOSEBERRY.

Phyllanthus distichus. OTAHEITI GOOSEBERRY.

Plate XCIX. — Otaheiti Gooseberry. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate C The Olive, which is a native of Southwestern Asia, is not a tree of any great height, but is very longlived, and yields prolifically. Although not cultivated to any extent, the Olive has been growing in Hawaii for many years. However, it has fruited only in a few favorable localities, and nothing has ever been done to test its value commercially. The tree thrives best in a warm, dry atmosphere, where the soil

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Olea Europea. OLIVE.

Olea Europea. OLIVE.

Plate C. — Olive. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate CI This variety of grape was early introduced to these Islands, and has become very popular. It is a hardy vine, variable in productiveness, and is practically the only grape grown in any quantity in Hawaii. The leaves are of medium size, often roundish and thick; their upper surface is dark-green, the under surface is whitish-green. The Isabella is an attractive blue-black grape, bearing in large, well-formed clusters, having a

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Vitis Labrusca. "ISABELLA GRAPE."

Vitis Labrusca. "ISABELLA GRAPE."

Plate CI. —" Isabella Grape. " One half natural size....

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Pyrus Sinensis. SAND PEAR.

Pyrus Sinensis. SAND PEAR.

Plate CII. — Sand Pear. One half natural size....

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Passiflora quadrangularis. GRANADILLA VINE.

Passiflora quadrangularis. GRANADILLA VINE.

G. P. W. Collection. Plate CIV This strong, woody vine is native of Brazil, and is naturalized in most tropical countries. Its first introduction to these islands was at Lilikoi, district of Makawao, Maui, whence its native name. Its serrate leaves are large and deeply three-lobed; the white flowers are tinted with purple. The fruit is oblong, globular, and when ripe is purple in color; its shell-like skin is thick and crisp. The orange-colored edible pulp is very fragrant, and is filled with sm

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Passiflora edulis. PURPLE WATER LEMON. "LILIKOI."

Passiflora edulis. PURPLE WATER LEMON. "LILIKOI."

Plate CIV. — Purple Water Lemon —" Lilikoi. " One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate CV This strong-growing, glabrous vine, climbing by tendrils, is a native of tropical America. The date when it was introduced to Hawaii, and by whom, is not known; but in the Hilo and Hamakua districts of Hawaii this variety grows wild. Its thick leaves are oval, oblong and entire, and have a short, sharp point. The flowers are about 2½, inches across, are white, with red spots on them. The fruit is s

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Passiflora laurifolia. YELLOW WATER LEMON.

Passiflora laurifolia. YELLOW WATER LEMON.

Plate CV. — Yellow Water Lemon. One third natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate CVI This is a strong, vigorous vine, very suitable for arbors and trellises. It is not commonly found in Hawaii; however, a very fine specimen of its kind is growing in Dr. St. D. G. Walter's garden in Honolulu. The leaves are oval to ovate, the petioles having two glands. The fragrant purple flowers are about two inches in diameter. The ovoid-pointed fruit has a tough, leathery shell which, when green, is six-str

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Passiflora alata.

Passiflora alata.

Plate CVI. — Passiflora alata. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate CVII This strong and hardy vine grows well on arbors and trellises. Its leaves are three-cleft, and have long petioles; and spiral tendrils spring from the axils. The single, pale-green flowers are surrounded by a green, lace-like covering. The fruit is nearly globular, and slightly pointed; it is about three-fourths of an inch in diameter, and when ripe is a bright scarlet....

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Passiflora, var. foetida.

Passiflora, var. foetida.

Plate CVII. Passiflora, var. foetida. Two thirds natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate CVIII Although this plant with its wonderful nocturnal blossoms may be found growing almost everywhere in the Islands, the best specimens of its kind may be seen on the stone walls of Oahu College. The beautiful creamy flowers with their yellow centers are large, about a foot long, and when in full bloom about the same in diameter. The tube is covered with large, leaf-like green scales. The fruit, which is

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Cereus triangularis. NIGHT-BLOOMING CEREUS.

Cereus triangularis. NIGHT-BLOOMING CEREUS.

G. P. W. Collection. Plate CIX This medium-sized and very handsome shade tree is a native of tropical Africa. It was probably introduced to Hawaii by Dr. Hillebrand. A fine tree of this species is growing in Mrs. Foster's garden, Nuuanu avenue. It has large pinnate leaves, and panicles of purple flowers. The peculiar rough, grey, oblong fruits hang from a long stem, and present an odd appearance. This tree and also one other of the same variety growing in the grounds of the Queen's Hospital, ver

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Kigelia pinnata. SAUSAGE TREE.

Kigelia pinnata. SAUSAGE TREE.

Plate CIX. — Sausage Tree. One fourth natural size....

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Phoenix dactylifera. THE DATE PALM.

Phoenix dactylifera. THE DATE PALM.

Many varieties of dates exist, the fruit differing in shape, size and color. They will grow from seeds, although the superior varieties can be continued only from off-shoots of the root. These will commence to bear in five years. In Asia, the growers of the commercial date find it necessary to pollinate artificially by hanging sprays of the male flowers in the branches of the fruit-bearing trees. There are no imported trees bearing in Hawaii, and although there are many date trees in Honolulu, a

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Phoenix dactylifera. DATE (red and yellow variety).

Phoenix dactylifera. DATE (red and yellow variety).

Plate CXI. — Date ( red and yellow var. ) One third natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate CXII This interesting palm is seldom seen in Hawaii; there being but two specimens of its kind that have produced fruit in Honolulu. Its stem is capitately thickened at the persistent bases of the armed petioles. The glaucous leaves are pari-pinnate with narrow, lanceolate, accuminate segments, having a prominent mid-rib. The inflorescence is simple and branching. The fruit is arranged similar to that of

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Acrocomia sp.

Acrocomia sp.

Plate CXII. — Acrocomia sp. One half natural size....

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Cocos nucifera. COCOANUT PALM. "NIU."

Cocos nucifera. COCOANUT PALM. "NIU."

Plate CXIII. — Cocoanut Palm —" Niu. " One half natural size....

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Cordia collococca. CLAMMY CHERRY.

Cordia collococca. CLAMMY CHERRY.

Plate CXIV. — Clammy Cherry. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate CXV This tree, which is a native of the Malay Islands and China, was introduced to Hawaii by Mr. Albert Jaeger. There is but one tree which has borne fruit; this is growing at the Old Plantation, Honolulu, Oahu. The tree, which is about 25 feet high, has dense foliage; the leaves are small, oblong, lanceolate, glabrous, having short petioles. Flowers very small, dioceous; the fruit about the size of a common grape, is

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Flacourtia cataphracta.

Flacourtia cataphracta.

Plate CXV. — Flacourtia cataphracta. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate CXVI This small tree of dwarfish habit is from tropical Asia. It is closely related to the orange, and has large thorns. Its simple leaves are alternate, coriaceous, emarginate, and from 1 to 1½ inches in length. The petioles are short. The small, solitary flowers have five petals. The berry is globose and three-quarters of an inch in diameter. When ripe, it is a shiny black, and has a thick skin. The pulp has

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Atalantia buxifolia.

Atalantia buxifolia.

Plate CXVI. — Atalantia buxifolia. One half natural size....

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Bumelia sp.

Bumelia sp.

Plate CXVII. — Bumelia sp. Natural size....

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Ochrosia elliptica.

Ochrosia elliptica.

Plate CXVIII. — Ochrosia elliptica. One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate CXIX This variety of the pineapple plant was grown at an early date in these Islands, and until the new and spineless forms were introduced was the only quality offered in the fruit markets. It is now cultivated but little, and is often found growing wild. The rosette at the head of the fleshy fruit has numerous thorny leaves. The fruit is much smaller than those of the thornless varieties, but it has a very sw

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Ananas sativus. PINEAPPLE.

Ananas sativus. PINEAPPLE.

G. P. W. Collection. Plate CXX This erect, wide-spreading plant was early introduced to these Islands from Mexico. It thrives well in arid lands, and in times of drought its succulent, fleshy leaves and juicy fruit are eaten by cattle. The plants, when old, become hard and woody, having many stout spines. The large flowers are reddish-yellow, and the obovate, truncate fruit is a purplish-red, having a thick fibrous skin, which is covered with fine bristles. The edible pulp is reddish-purple and

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Opuntia Tuna. PRICKLY PEAR—"PANINI."

Opuntia Tuna. PRICKLY PEAR—"PANINI."

Plate CXX. — Prickly Pear —" Panini. " One half natural size. G. P. W. Collection. Plate CXXI The Kiawe deserves a special mention in this book, as it is, in my opinion, one of the most valuable and beautiful trees that grows in the Hawaiian Islands. Perhaps on account of its very general dissemination, and because of the ease with which it spreads spontaneously, even in the driest districts, it has received less consideration than has been accorded to other plants more difficult of propagation.

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Prosopis juliflora. ALGAROBA—"KIAWE."

Prosopis juliflora. ALGAROBA—"KIAWE."

The first Algaroba tree of Hawaii was brought to Honolulu in 1828 by Father Bachelot, founder of the Roman Catholic Mission in the Islands. It was planted in the Mission garden, where the venerable tree is standing today. Plate CXXI. — Algaroba —" Kiawe. "...

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Details of the changes.

Details of the changes.

In the caption of Plate III , to match the text title—changed to: Guatamala Avocado (in original book: Avocado). In the text with Plate IV , changed to: elevation (in original book: elevtaion); and inserted period after the fruit-bearing stems. In the text with Plate V , changed to: successful (in original book: ssuccessful). In the text with Plate XI , changed to: preceding (in original book: preceeding). In the text with Plate XVII , changed to: soil (in original book: sosil); and to: precedin

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