Army And Navy Uniforms And Insignia - free ebook by Dion Williams

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Army And Navy Uniforms And Insignia

Dion Williams

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Army and NavyUniforms and Insignia

Army and NavyUniforms and Insignia

How to know Rank, Corps and Service in the Military and Naval Forces of the United States and Foreign Countries By Colonel Dion Williams United States Marine Corps With Eight Illustrations in Color and One Hundred and Thirty-Eight in Black and White Revised and Enlarged Edition New York Frederick A. Stokes Company Publishers Copyright, 1918, by Frederick A. Stokes Company All rights reserved CONTENTS ARMY AND NAVY UNIFORMS AND INSIGNIA...

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CHAPTER IORIGIN AND HISTORY OF UNIFORM

CHAPTER IORIGIN AND HISTORY OF UNIFORM

In its military sense the word “uniform,” as a noun, is specifically used to denote the distinctive style of dress and equipment established by governmental regulation and worn by any naval or military organization in order that all of the individual elements of that organization will present a homogeneous appearance. In general all uniforms are divided into two principal classes, dress uniforms and undress or service uniforms, the modern field uniforms belonging to the latter class. Dress unifo

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Rank, Title and Precedence

Rank, Title and Precedence

Rank in its military sense is the character or quality bestowed upon the men of the military and naval services which carries with it the eligibility to exercise command or authority over other members of the services within the limits prescribed by law and regulation. Rank is divided into many different grades to mark the relative positions of the persons upon whom it is conferred and to limit the extent of the authority carried with it. In all of the services of the United States, “Commissione

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Enlisted Men

Enlisted Men

NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND PRIVATES 14. (a) Sergeant major, regimental; sergeant major, senior grade, Coast Artillery Corps; (b) quartermaster sergeant, senior grade, Quartermaster Corps; master hospital sergeant, Medical Department; master engineer, senior grade, Corps of Engineers; master electrician, Coast Artillery Corps; master signal electrician; band leader; (c) hospital sergeant, Medical Department; master engineer, junior grade, Corps of Engineers; engineer, Coast Artillery Corps. 15.

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Officers of the Navy

Officers of the Navy

(This rank is now vacant. By special act of Congress it was conferred upon Admiral George Dewey on March 2, 1899, and held by him until his death on January 16, 1917. The rank is the same as that of Admiral of the Fleet in foreign navies and that of Field Marshal in foreign armies.) (This rank was abolished for the active list by act of Congress on March 3, 1899, and since that date has been held by officers of that rank on the Retired List of the Navy only.) (The commissioned officers of these

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MIDSHIPMEN

MIDSHIPMEN

Midshipmen are appointed officers undergoing the course of instruction at the Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland. Each senator, representative and delegate in Congress has the appointment of three midshipmen to be at the Naval Academy at any one time, the President is empowered to appoint two midshipmen and the Secretary of the Navy is empowered to appoint one hundred midshipmen each year to be selected from enlisted men of the Navy and Marine Corps who are not over the age of twenty years. Th

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WARRANT OFFICERS

WARRANT OFFICERS

Warrant officers form an intermediate class between the commissioned officers and the enlisted personnel. They receive appointments from the President but are not confirmed by the Senate. They are appointed by selection from the most efficient and deserving enlisted petty officers. After six years’ service as warrant officers, if found qualified, they are commissioned by the President, “by and with the advice and consent of the Senate,” as Chief Boatswains, Chief Gunners, Chief Machinists, Chief

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Enlisted Men of the Navy

Enlisted Men of the Navy

The highest grade of enlisted men in the U. S. Navy is that of Mate. Mates are rated by authority of the Secretary of the Navy from seamen of over two years’ service. They have no relative rank, but take precedence over all other enlisted men. They wear a uniform like that of warrant officers with a distinctive insignia as later described. The classes of enlisted men in the Navy corresponding to the “noncommissioned officers” of the Army and Marine Corps are styled “Petty Officers.” All of the e

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Enlisted Men of the Marine Corps

Enlisted Men of the Marine Corps

The personnel of the Coast Guard, in accordance with the statute law, consists of commissioned officers, appointed officers, warrant officers, petty officers and seamen as follows:...

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Enlisted Men of the Coast Guard

Enlisted Men of the Coast Guard

The enlisted men of the Coast Guard have ratings, or grades, similar to those of the Navy, as follows: The personnel of the Lighthouse Service pursuant to statute law consists of the officers and enlisted men in the following grades: FOR SERVICE AFLOAT IN LIGHTSHIPS AND TENDERS...

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Command

Command

Since rank and grade carry with them the corresponding responsibilities and duties appropriate to the office it is necessary to know the commands to which the various grades are ordinarily assigned in order to properly understand the meaning of rank and grade. In the Army the commands considered appropriate for the officers of the various grades are as follows: The senior or highest noncommissioned officer of a regiment. The senior noncommissioned officer of a battalion of infantry or artillery

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CHAPTER IIIENSIGNS, FLAGS AND PENNANTS

CHAPTER IIIENSIGNS, FLAGS AND PENNANTS

The National Flag of a country is the flag which bears the device of the nation, the emblem by which the nationality of the state is shown. An Ensign is the flag or insignia used to show the nationality of the armed forces of a nation; more properly speaking, it is the colors displayed by a ship of war or carried by a regiment of soldiers. In some countries flags of different designs from those of their national flags are prescribed to be carried by the troops of the armies or displayed as “colo

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UNITED STATES ARMY OFFICERS’ UNIFORMS

UNITED STATES ARMY OFFICERS’ UNIFORMS

Commissioned officers of the Army are required to have complete outfits of service uniform (woolen olive-drab for temperate and cold weather and cotton olive-drab or “khaki” for the tropics and hot weather), dress uniform, full dress uniform, white uniform and special evening dress uniform, and for wear on certain occasions in the evening a mess dress uniform of blue and one of white is optional. The occasions upon which these uniforms are usually worn are given in the regulations as follows: 1.

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INSIGNIA OF RANK AND CORPS

INSIGNIA OF RANK AND CORPS

The rank of an officer of the Army is indicated in two ways, first, by insignia of rank placed upon the epaulets and shoulder knots worn with full dress uniform, upon the shoulder straps worn with dress uniform, upon the cloth shoulder straps of the service coats and white coats and upon the collar of the olive-drab flannel shirt when it is worn without the coat; second, by the insignia upon the sleeves of the full dress coat, the special evening dress coat, the overcoat and the blue and white m

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Uniform and Insignia of the Cadets at the U. S. Military Academy, West Point, N. Y.

Uniform and Insignia of the Cadets at the U. S. Military Academy, West Point, N. Y.

The Corps of Cadets at the U. S. Military Academy at West Point, N. Y., is organized into Battalions of four companies each. The Corps of Cadets is commanded by an officer of the Army especially detailed for this duty, who, unless of actual higher rank, has the local rank and pay of a Lieutenant Colonel while performing this duty. The Battalions are commanded by officers of the Army detailed from the Department of Tactics of the Military Academy and while performing the duty of Battalion Command

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UNIFORM AND INSIGNIA OF FIELD CLERKS, U. S. ARMY

UNIFORM AND INSIGNIA OF FIELD CLERKS, U. S. ARMY

By the Act of Congress of August 29, 1917, the grades of Army Field Clerk and Field Clerk Quartermaster Corps were established in the United States Army. These officers are appointed by the Secretary of War and take precedence in rank next after Cadets and before all noncommissioned officers, so that their position is similar in relative rank to that of Warrant officers in the United States Navy and Marine Corps. The Army Field Clerks belong to the Adjutant General’s Department and the Field Cle

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ENLISTED MEN’S UNIFORMS, U. S. ARMY

ENLISTED MEN’S UNIFORMS, U. S. ARMY

The enlisted men of the Army are required to have complete outfits of service uniform for winter and summer, dress uniform and fatigue uniform, and in addition cooks and bakers, members of the Hospital Corps and members of the general recruiting service have white uniforms. The occasions upon which the different uniforms are worn are given in the regulations as follows: 1. For habitual garrison wear until retreat, when not under arms. Service uniform with the service cap. 2. For habitual garriso

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INSIGNIA OF RANK FOR ENLISTED MEN

INSIGNIA OF RANK FOR ENLISTED MEN

The rank of the various noncommissioned officers of the United States Army and Marine Corps and the rating of the corresponding petty officers of the Navy is usually indicated by chevrons, a form of badge derived from the days when heraldry played a great part in the world’s affairs. “Chevron” is an architectural term denoting the rafters of a roof meeting at an angle at the upper apex, and it is derived from the French word “ chevre ,” a goat, and so used on account of the fancied resemblance o

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ARMY AVIATION SERVICE INSIGNIA

ARMY AVIATION SERVICE INSIGNIA

For officers these insignia are worn on the left breast and are as follows: Military Aviator —Two wings with a shield between bearing the letters “U. S.” and a star above, embroidered in silver on a blue background except the letters which are in gold thread. Junior Military Aviator and Reserve Military Aviator —The same, omitting the star. Military Aeronaut —Two wings with a balloon between bearing the letters “U. S.” and a star above, embroidered in white on a blue background except the letter

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U. S. NAVAL OFFICERS’ UNIFORMS

U. S. NAVAL OFFICERS’ UNIFORMS

Copyright, G. V. Buck, Washington, D. C. Admiral William S. Benson Chief of Naval Operations, United States Navy Commissioned officers of the Navy are required to have complete outfits of special full dress, evening dress, full dress, undress, blue service dress and white service dress uniforms; the occasions upon which the various uniforms are required to be worn by officers of the Navy and the Marine Corps being given in the official regulations as follows: 1. State occasions, at home or abroa

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NAVAL AVIATION CORPS INSIGNIA

NAVAL AVIATION CORPS INSIGNIA

The Naval Aviation Corps insignia consist of a vertical foul anchor surcharged with a shield of the United States with eagle’s wings extending to the right and left of it as shown in the above illustration. These insignia are made of gilt metal and are worn upon the left breast by all Aviators in the Naval Service, that is by all officers and enlisted men of the Navy and Marine Corps who have qualified as Aviators and are detailed to duty with the Naval Aviation Corps. The summer service flying

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INSIGNIA OF RANK AND CORPS

INSIGNIA OF RANK AND CORPS

The rank of officers of the Navy is indicated in four ways: first, by stripes upon the sleeves of the special full dress coat, frock coat, evening dress coat, blue service coat and overcoat; second, by rank insignia on each side of the front opening of the collar of the blue service coat; third, by stripes upon the shoulder marks (or straps) worn on the white service coat, the mess jacket and the overcoat; and fourth, by rank insignia on the upper surface of the epaulets worn with special full d

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UNIFORMS AND INSIGNIA OF MIDSHIPMEN

UNIFORMS AND INSIGNIA OF MIDSHIPMEN

The Corps of Midshipmen at the Naval Academy is organized into a regiment of four battalions of four companies each for military formations and drills, with Midshipmen Officers and Petty Officers, as follows: Commanding the Regiment. Commanding a Battalion. Regimental Adjutant and Company Commander. Regimental Commissary and Regimental Signal Officer, Battalion Adjutant, and junior Company officer. Regimental Aide, Battalion Commissary, and junior Company officer. The Midshipmen are provided wit

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ENLISTED MEN’S UNIFORMS, U. S. NAVY

ENLISTED MEN’S UNIFORMS, U. S. NAVY

Enlisted men of the Navy are required to have complete outfits of blue dress, white dress, blue undress, white undress and working dress. Dungaree suits are prescribed for the engineers force and for men of the Artificer Branch. Rain clothes are allowed for the deck force and men who are required to do duty where they would require them. The occasions upon which the different uniforms of the United States Navy and Marine Corps are worn by the enlisted men are laid down in the regulations as foll

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ENLISTED MEN OF THE NAVAL MILITIA

ENLISTED MEN OF THE NAVAL MILITIA

Enlisted men of the Naval Militia wear the same uniforms as those prescribed for the regular Navy with the addition of the distinguishing mark for the Naval Militia , consisting of a vertical foul anchor enclosed in a diamond shaped lozenge. This mark being embroidered in white on a blue ground for blue clothing and in blue on a white ground for white clothing. It is worn on overshirts and jumpers just below the neck opening and on coats (except overcoats) on the same sleeve as the rating badge

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UNIFORMS OF ENROLLED WOMEN, U. S. NAVAL RESERVE FORCE

UNIFORMS OF ENROLLED WOMEN, U. S. NAVAL RESERVE FORCE

Women are enrolled in the U. S. Naval Reserve Force in the ratings of Chief Yeoman, Yeoman, First, Second or Third Class, and Landsman for Training, and assigned clerical duties on shore. They are required to wear blue or white uniforms consisting of a Norfolk style coat and tailor-made skirt of blue navy serge or white drill, a white beach cloth shirt-waist and black navy neckerchief, black hose and shoes with blue skirt and white ones with white skirt, and a flat brimmed blue felt or white str

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UNIFORMS FOR OFFICERS OF THE MARINE CORPS

UNIFORMS FOR OFFICERS OF THE MARINE CORPS

The commissioned officers of the Marine Corps are required to have complete outfits of special full dress, full dress, undress, white undress, mess dress, summer field and winter field uniforms. The warrant officers of the Marine Corps are required to have the same uniforms with the exception of special full dress, full dress and mess dress. The occasions upon which these uniforms are worn are given in the table of occasions for uniforms for officers of the Navy and Marine Corps, page 109, and t

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INSIGNIA OF RANK, CORPS AND STAFF DEPARTMENTS

INSIGNIA OF RANK, CORPS AND STAFF DEPARTMENTS

The rank of officers of the Marine Corps is indicated in three ways: first, by rank insignia worn upon the shoulder straps of the blue and white undress coats and summer and winter field coats; second, by rank insignia worn upon the tops of the epaulets and shoulder knots worn with special full dress, full dress and mess dress coats, and third, by the ornamentations worn upon the sleeves of the full dress coat, mess jacket and overcoat. The insignia of rank, indicating the rank of the wearer, ar

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UNIFORMS OF THE ENLISTED MEN OF THE MARINE CORPS

UNIFORMS OF THE ENLISTED MEN OF THE MARINE CORPS

The enlisted men of the Marine Corps are required to have complete outfits of dress uniform, summer field uniform, winter field uniform and an overcoat. The occasions upon which the different uniforms are worn is as stated in the table of occasions for the uniforms of enlisted men of the Navy and Marine Corps on page 133 . The different uniforms are as follows: Dress Uniform. —A single-breasted coat of dark blue cloth extending to about ten inches below the waist, with a standing collar, buttone

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THE MARINE BAND

THE MARINE BAND

The Marine Band, consisting of a Leader, second leader and seventy musicians, is stationed at the Headquarters Barracks of the Corps in Washington, D. C., and one of its principal duties is to furnish music for the official functions at the White House, hence it is popularly known as the “President’s Band.” The Leader of the Marine Band wears blue undress, white undress, summer field and winter field uniforms, cloak, sword and overcoat of the same material, colors and design as those worn by com

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UNIFORMS OF OFFICERS OF THE U. S. COAST GUARD

UNIFORMS OF OFFICERS OF THE U. S. COAST GUARD

Commissioned officers of the Coast Guard are required to have complete outfits of full dress, dress, evening dress, blue service dress and white service dress uniforms; the occasions for wearing the various uniforms being as follows: 1. State occasions at home and abroad. Full dress. 2. Receiving or calling officially upon the President of the United States or the president or sovereign or a member of the royal family of any country. 3. At ceremonies and entertainments where it is desired to do

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UNIFORMS OF ENLISTED MEN OF THE COAST GUARD

UNIFORMS OF ENLISTED MEN OF THE COAST GUARD

The uniforms of the enlisted men of the Coast Guard are practically the same in style and design as those worn by the enlisted men of the U. S. Navy with minor differences in the buttons and insignia of rank and the rating badges and specialty marks. The uniforms of the Chief Petty Officers have the buttons of the Coast Guard design on the coats and the insignia on the caps consisting of a vertical gilt foul anchor surmounted by a silver shield. For Surfmen stationed at Life-Saving Stations the

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UNIFORMS OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF LIGHTHOUSE TENDERS

UNIFORMS OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF LIGHTHOUSE TENDERS

The officers are provided with a blue uniform for cold and temperate weather and a white uniform for hot weather. The blue uniform consists of a single-breasted sack coat of navy blue cloth extending to about ten inches below the waist, with a standing collar, buttoning down the front by buttons concealed under a fly, the collar, front and bottom edges being trimmed with black mohair braid one and one-quarter inches wide; plain trousers of dark blue cloth; and a cap of navy blue cloth with a slo

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UNIFORMS AND INSIGNIA FOR OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF LIGHTSHIPS

UNIFORMS AND INSIGNIA FOR OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF LIGHTSHIPS

The officers wear a uniform of navy blue cloth for winter and of navy blue serge or flannel for summer, consisting of a double-breasted sack coat with turn-down collar and lapels, with five gilt buttons on each side; a single-breasted waistcoat with a rolling collar and five small gilt buttons; plain trousers; and a cap the same as described for officers of lighthouse tenders. Insignia are worn on the lapels of the coat, a gold anchor for deck officers and a gold three-bladed propeller for engin

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UNIFORM AND INSIGNIA OF LIGHTHOUSE AND DEPOT KEEPERS

UNIFORM AND INSIGNIA OF LIGHTHOUSE AND DEPOT KEEPERS

Keepers of lighthouses and depots wear uniforms similar to those for Masters of lightships, except that no braid is worn on the sleeves and the ratings are shown by the letter “K” or numbers on the collar, while Watchmen wear the letter “W” and a Police shield, as shown in the illustrations. The regulation buttons for the Lighthouse service are gilt and have a design consisting of a lighthouse surrounded by a circle of rope....

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UNIFORMS AND INSIGNIA OF THE U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY

UNIFORMS AND INSIGNIA OF THE U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY

Whenever in his judgment a national emergency requires it the President may transfer the ships and personnel of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey from the Department of Commerce to the War Department or Navy Department. When so transferred the commissioned officers take relative rank as follows: Grade 1. Hydrographic and Geodetic Engineers with and after Colonels in the Army and Captains in the Navy. Grade 2. Hydrographic and Geodetic Engineers with and after Lieutenant Colonels in the Army an

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COMMISSIONED OFFICERS’ UNIFORMS

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS’ UNIFORMS

The commissioned officers of the service are required to have complete outfits of full dress, dress, olive-drab service, white service and evening dress uniforms. The Full Dress Uniform consists of a double-breasted frock coat of dark blue cloth with two rows of gilt buttons down the front, and a standing collar trimmed with gold lace braid; dark blue cloth trousers with gold stripes down the outer leg seams, one and three-quarter inches wide for Surgeon General, one and one-half inches wide for

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WARRANT OFFICERS’ UNIFORMS

WARRANT OFFICERS’ UNIFORMS

The uniforms for Warrant Officers are of the same style and design as those prescribed for commissioned officers, omitting the full dress uniform and the sword....

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EMPLOYEES’ AND ENLISTED MEN’S UNIFORMS

EMPLOYEES’ AND ENLISTED MEN’S UNIFORMS

The employees at the hospitals and stations of the Public Health Service are provided with blue and white uniforms. The Blue Uniform consists of a double-breasted sack coat of dark blue serge, with notched rolling collar; cut square at the bottom; length one inch below the crotch; with five gun-metal service buttons on each side down the front; trousers of the same material as the coat; black leather shoes; and a blue cap similar to that worn by commissioned officers but having the band of black

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UNIFORM FOR FEMALE NURSES

UNIFORM FOR FEMALE NURSES

The female nurses at the hospitals wear a uniform consisting of a white organdie nurse’s cap, a one-piece dress of white cotton cloth, having a simple waist with plain three-quarter length sleeves with reversed cuffs two and one-half inches wide, a flat rolling collar two inches wide with a wide opening at the neck in front; a four-piece skirt from two to two and one-half yards in circumference at the bottom, reaching to within three inches of the floor; top turned in and stitched to the waist w

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CHAPTER XMEDALS, BADGES AND RIBBONS

CHAPTER XMEDALS, BADGES AND RIBBONS

In all of the nations of the world it is customary to recognize special acts of gallantry upon the field of battle, marked devotion to duty in the service of the country and long and faithful service in the armies and navies by promotion, by granting special honors or orders, or by the conferring of medals and decorations. In the military and naval service of the United States there are a number of authorized medals and badges presented to the officers and enlisted men in recognition of their ga

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UNIFORMS OF THE BRITISH NAVY

UNIFORMS OF THE BRITISH NAVY

In Great Britain the Navy is known as “The Senior Service” as it was organized as a regular service prior to the organization of a regular national Army. In general the uniforms of the British Navy correspond quite closely to those of the United State Navy in composition and design and are worn upon similar occasions, although they are somewhat more elaborate, but the insignia are of different design. Commissioned officers must provide themselves with full dress, ball dress, frock coat dress, bl

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Uniforms of the British Royal Marines

Uniforms of the British Royal Marines

The Royal Marines perform duties similar to those performed by the United States Marines both afloat and ashore and hold a high record for efficiency and loyalty. They are divided into two branches, the Royal Marine Artillery and the Royal Marine Light Infantry, the former being popularly known as the “Blue Marines” on account of the fact that their dress coats are of blue cloth and the latter as the “Red Marines” since their dress coats are of red cloth. Both branches are also provided with kha

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Uniforms of the British Army

Uniforms of the British Army

At the beginning of the present world war the Land Forces of the British Empire embraced the regular troops commonly known as the “Home Army” and the troops of her far-flung colonial possessions and dependencies, such as the Indian Army, the Australian Army, the Canadian Army, the South African Forces, the West Indian regiments, the New Zealand troops, and the Police and Constabulary troops of many minor colonies and possessions. In the “Home Army” there were many varieties and colors in the uni

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Uniforms of the French Army

Uniforms of the French Army

Up to within a few years the uniform of the troops of the Line of the French Army consisted of a dark blue coat and red trousers, with caps of the kepi design and white gaiters or short leggings. This uniform was decorated with gold and silver ornamentation and rank insignia and as a variation in the headdress the cavalry wore helmets with plumes. At the time of the Boer War in South Africa the question of a less conspicuous uniform was agitated with the result that a coat of mignonette green (o

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Uniforms of the French Navy

Uniforms of the French Navy

The uniforms of the officers and men of the French Navy, while following in general the usual naval style present some variations as to the combination of garments, the decorations, the number and arrangements of the rank stripes on the sleeves and the designs of the insignia of rank and corps. Commissioned officers are provided with five separate uniforms, full dress, No. 1 dress, No. 2 dress, No. 3 dress blue, and No. 3 dress white. The full dress corresponds to the United States naval officer

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Uniforms of the Italian Army

Uniforms of the Italian Army

In the Italian Army the peace time dress uniforms consist, as a rule, of a dark blue braided coat, light gray trousers with stripes of distinctive corps color down the outer seams, and black leather boots for officers and leggings for enlisted men. The head dress varies with the corps and arm of the service, the infantry wearing a dark blue cap trimmed with colored braid, the cavalry a metal trimmed helmet or a fur busby, the field artillery a black shako with bright brass ornaments, and the Ber

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Uniforms of the Italian Navy

Uniforms of the Italian Navy

The uniforms for the officers and enlisted men of the Italian Navy are made of dark blue cloth for dress uniforms and for undress uniforms for winter wear and of white cotton duck or linen for wear in hot weather. In general the design of the uniform is similar to those of the British Navy with the exception of the undress coat which is similar to the service coat for officers of the United States Navy. Commissioned officers are required to have special full dress, full dress, dress, blue undres

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Uniforms of the Belgian Army

Uniforms of the Belgian Army

Before 1914 the uniforms of the Belgian Army for home service were very elaborate and decorated with gold and silver braid and ornaments, although uniforms of cotton khaki were worn in hot weather on foreign service; but the experience of the present war showed the necessity of an inconspicuous dress for field service, and as a result the army is now provided with a field uniform designed after the British Army service uniform and made of dark khaki-colored woolen cloth. The officers’ field serv

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Uniforms of the Russian Army

Uniforms of the Russian Army

The officers and enlisted men of the Russian Army formerly had a great variety in uniforms for the different corps and branches of the service; the infantry of the regular Line wore uniforms of green cloth with red facings; the hussars wore green jackets trimmed across the front with white stripes and loops, red breeches and black high boots; the guards wore green uniforms with yellow facings; the Don Cossacks wore uniforms of dark gray, the coat being long and the breeches very loose and the he

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Uniforms of the Russian Navy

Uniforms of the Russian Navy

The uniforms of the officers and enlisted men differ in many respects from those which are common to the navies of the other principal powers. The officers’ uniforms are as a rule made of a dark green cloth for dress and winter wear and of white cotton or linen for hot weather. The prescribed uniforms are full dress, dress, undress and service (working) dress. The full dress uniform consists of a cocked hat, tunic with standing collar, epaulets, and trousers with gold lace braid on the outer leg

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Uniforms of the Japanese Army

Uniforms of the Japanese Army

Previous to the Russo-Japanese war of 1904-5 the officers and enlisted men of the Japanese Army wore uniforms of dark blue or red cloth with facings of distinctive colors for the various arms, but this proved so conspicuous on the battlefields of that war that a service uniform of khaki-colored cloth for winter and khaki cotton drill for summer was adopted. The officers, however, retained for their dress uniforms the old dress uniforms of dark blue and red cloth with heavy decorations of gold la

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Uniforms of the Japanese Navy

Uniforms of the Japanese Navy

When Japan began to build and man her modern navy she derived much early training and experience from the British Navy, which was then as now, the largest of the world’s navies. As a result the uniforms of both the officers and men of the Japanese Navy are similar in most respects to those of the British Navy. The principal difference is that the Japanese naval officers’ undress or service uniform coat is a single-breasted blouse with standing collar similar to that worn by officers of the Unite

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Uniforms of the Austrian Army

Uniforms of the Austrian Army

The Army of Austria-Hungary is made up of so many different races and peoples each of whom have preserved something of their original national dress or uniform in their modern dress uniforms that the varieties in color, design and ornamentation are greater than in any other country. The field service uniform of all however is nearly the same and is made of light gray cloth. The officers’ service uniform consists of a single-breasted sack coat with a standing collar, closed by a row of buttons do

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Uniforms of the Austrian Navy

Uniforms of the Austrian Navy

The uniforms of the officers and enlisted men of the Austrian Navy are of dark blue cloth for winter wear and of white duck for hot weather and are generally similar to those worn in the British Navy. Commissioned officers are provided with special full dress, full dress, undress, blue service, white service and white mess uniforms. The special full dress uniform (gala dress) consists of a cocked hat of the same shape as the one worn in the United States Navy but having more gold braid on it; a

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Uniforms of the German Navy

Uniforms of the German Navy

The uniforms of the officers and men of the German Navy are made of dark blue cloth for winter wear and of white duck for hot weather as in other navies and in general they follow the lines of other navies, but there are several distinctive features. The officers have no special full dress coat with the cutaway skirts or swallow-tail effect, a frock coat taking its place; and the enlisted men have in addition to the ordinary sailor shirts with the wide falling collar a dress jacket reaching to t

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Uniforms of German Marines

Uniforms of German Marines

The German Marines are a part of the Navy and are divided into Marine Infantry and Marine Field Artillery. They perform duties similar in many respects to the duties of the United States Marine Corps. The full dress uniform of the officers consists of a black shako with a large red plume which falls over the front down to the visor; a blue single-breasted tunic with standing collar; epaulets without bullion fringes; breeches of the same color, and black boots. The front edges of the coat and the

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Uniforms of the German Army

Uniforms of the German Army

The peace time uniforms of the various corps and arms of the German Army present a great variety, the traditions of the services of the former separate kingdoms and political divisions that are now united to form the German Empire being preserved in many instances in the color and design of the uniform or in the bright metal decorations and insignia. Many of these uniforms are gaudy in color and richly decorated with gold, silver and colored cloth and braid ornaments. The facings colors worn upo

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Uniforms of the Roumanian Army

Uniforms of the Roumanian Army

The dress and service uniforms of the Roumanian Army are very similar to those of the Austrian Army and the field uniform is of khaki-colored cloth with the facings, pipings and rank insignia of the dress uniforms added....

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Foreign War Decorations and Medals

Foreign War Decorations and Medals

The multiplicity of medals and decorations in all foreign countries makes it very difficult to distinguish one from another, especially since the designs and ribbons used by different countries are frequently quite similar. To describe all of these decorations is not practicable within the scope of this volume, but a few of the ones which are classed as distinctively war decorations are included as they are the ones most commonly seen and talked about. French War Medals. —The French decorations

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UNIFORMS AND INSIGNIA OF MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN RED CROSS FIELD SERVICE

UNIFORMS AND INSIGNIA OF MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN RED CROSS FIELD SERVICE

The authorized uniform for the members of the American Red Cross Field Service is made of cloth or serge of the same color as that used by the U. S. Marine Corps for winter field uniforms, the shade being a grayish olive green known as “forestry-green.” For the officers, Division Directors of Military Relief and Assistants, Field Directors of Camp Service, Assistant Field Directors of Camp Service, Associate Field Directors, Hospital Service, Associate Field Directors, Home Service, and other As

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UNIFORMS AND INSIGNIA FOR RED CROSS WOMEN WORKERS IN THE UNITED STATES

UNIFORMS AND INSIGNIA FOR RED CROSS WOMEN WORKERS IN THE UNITED STATES

The American Red Cross has authorized the wearing of distinctive uniforms by the women workers engaged in the various Red Cross Chapter activities, other than nursing and hospital service, in order that these workers may be readily recognized as such throughout the United States and also for protective and hygienic reasons. The wearing of these uniforms is optional on the part of any member entitled to wear them, but as the right to wear them carries with it the assumption of responsibility for

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DESCRIPTION OF UNIFORMS

DESCRIPTION OF UNIFORMS

Elaborate uniforms have been avoided and as far as possible variety has been eliminated. To distinguish the different corps of workers an apron and a “coif” or headdress of different colors have been prescribed. For workrooms the apron is white, for the canteen service it is blue, and for the clerical service grey, all being of the same pattern. Workroom Uniform. —For all workers on surgical dressings, garments and knitted articles. If it is found desirable to distinguish the workers in differen

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CHAPTER XIIIUNIFORMS AND INSIGNIA OF THE WAR WORKERS OF THE YOUNG MEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION

CHAPTER XIIIUNIFORMS AND INSIGNIA OF THE WAR WORKERS OF THE YOUNG MEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION

The War Work department of the Young Men’s Christian Association has established branches at the principal U. S. Army and Navy camps and stations at home and abroad for the benefit of the enlisted men. At these stations everything practicable is done for the comfort and entertainment of the soldiers, sailors and marines who may be in the vicinity; lectures, music and moving pictures are provided, books, magazines and papers are furnished and facilities for writing letters are supplied. These Y.

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CHAPTER XIVCUSTOMS OF THE SERVICES

CHAPTER XIVCUSTOMS OF THE SERVICES

The rules which govern official and social intercourse among members of the military and naval services are based upon the well established customs which prevail in all walks of life, modified only to such extent as may be required by the peculiar conditions of the services in order to secure the greatest degree of efficiency and discipline. In a military sense discipline may be defined as the cheerful, unquestioned and implicit obedience to the orders from higher authority in such manner as to

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CHAPTER XVHONORS AND DISTINCTIONS

CHAPTER XVHONORS AND DISTINCTIONS

The honors and distinctions shown to the National Flag, to the President and other high Government officials, to the National Anthem and to the officers of the various ranks in the different services composing the Armed Forces of the United States are prescribed in the U. S. Army Regulations and the U. S. Navy Regulations, which are issued by the Secretaries of War and the Navy by authority of the President of the United States. At Army Posts and Stations the National Flag is hoisted at sunrise

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