Anarchism: A Criticism And History Of The Anarchist Theory
E. V. (Ernst Viktor) Zenker
13 chapters
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13 chapters
PREFACE
PREFACE
n the day of the bomb outrage in the French Parliament I gave an impromptu discourse upon Anarchism to an intelligent audience anxious to know more about it, touching upon its intellectual ancestry, its doctrines, propaganda, the lines of demarcation that separate it from Socialism and Radicalism, and so forth. The impression which my explanations of it made upon my audience was at the same time flattering and yet painful to me. I felt almost ashamed that I had told these men, who represented th
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EARLY ANARCHISM
EARLY ANARCHISM
"A hundred fanatics are found to support a theological or metaphysical statement, but not one for a geometric theorem." Cesare Lombroso....
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CHAPTER I
CHAPTER I
Forerunners and Early History Definitions — Is Anarchism a Pathological Phenomenon? — Anarchism Considered Sociologically — Anarchist Movements in the Middle Ages — The Theory of the Social Contract with Reference to Anarchism — Anarchist Movements during the French Revolution — The Philosophic Premises of the Anarchist Theory — The Political and Economic Assumptions of Anarchism. narchy means, in its ideal sense, the perfect, unfettered self-government of the individual, and, consequently, the
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CHAPTER II
CHAPTER II
Biography — His Philosophic Standpoint — His Early Writings — The "Contradictions of Political Economy" — Proudhon's Federation — His Economic Views — His Theory of Property — Collectivism and Mutualism — Attempts to Put his Views into Practice — Proudhon's Last Writings — Criticism. he man who had such a powerful, not to say fateful, influence upon the progress of the proletarian movement of our century was himself one of the proletariat class by birth and calling. Pierre Joseph Proudhon was bo
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CHAPTER III
CHAPTER III
Germany in 1830-40 and France — Stirner and Proudhon — Biography of Stirner — The Individual and his Property ( Der Einzige und sein Eigenthum ) — The Union of Egoists — The Philosophic Contradiction of the Einziger — Stirner's Practical Error — Julius Faucher — Moses Hess — Karl Grün — Wilhelm Marr. n the first half of the forties, almost about the same time, but completely independent one from another, there appeared, on each side of the Rhine, two men who preached a new revolution in a manner
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CHAPTER IV
CHAPTER IV
The Earliest Signs of Anarchist Views in Russia in 1848 — The Political, Economic, Mental, and Social Circumstances of Anarchism in Russia — Michael Bakunin — Biography — Bakunin's Anarchism — Its Philosophic Foundations — Bakunin's Economic Programme — His Views as to the Practicability of his Plans — Sergei Netschajew — The Revolutionary Catechism — The Propaganda of Action — Paul Brousse. n Russia traces of Anarchist views are found as far back as the stormy period of 1848-49. The extent of p
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CHAPTER V
CHAPTER V
Biography — Kropotkin's Main Views — Anarchist Communism and the "Economics of the Heap" ( tas ) — Kropotkin's Relation to the Propaganda of Action — Elisée Reclus: his Character and Anarchist Writings — Jean Grave — Daniel Saurin's Order through Anarchy — Louise Michel and G. Eliévant — A. Hamon and the Psychology of Anarchism — Charles Malato and other French Writers on Anarchist Communism — The Italians: Cafiero, Merlino, and Malatesta. "Seek not to found your comfort and freedom on the servi
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CHAPTER VI
CHAPTER VI
Individualist and Communist Anarchism — Arthur Mülberger — Theodor Hertzka's Freeland — Eugen Dühring's "Anticratism" — Moritz von Egidy's "United Christendom" — John Henry Mackay — Nietzsche and Anarchism — Johann Most — Auberon Herbert's "Voluntary State" — R. B. Tucker. here is a well-marked geographical division, not only in the Anarchism of agitation, but also in Anarchist theory. The Anarchist Communism, to which the "propaganda of action" is allied, appears to be almost exclusively confin
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CHAPTER VII
CHAPTER VII
Spencer's Views on the Organisation of Society — Society Conceived from the Nominalist and Realist Standpoint — The Idealism of Anarchists — Spencer's Work: From Freedom to Restraint . hen Vaillant was before his judges he mentioned Herbert Spencer, among others, as one of those from whom he had derived his Anarchist convictions. Anarchists refer not seldom to the gray-headed Master of Sociology as one of themselves; and still more often do the Socialists allude to him as an Anarchist. People li
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CHAPTER VIII
CHAPTER VIII
First Period (1867-1880) — The Peace and Freedom League — The Democratic Alliance and the Jurassic Bund — Union with and Separation from the "International" — The Rising at Lyons — Congress at Lausanne — The Members of the Alliance in Italy, Spain, and Belgium — Second Period (from 1880) — The German Socialist Law — Johann Most — The London Congress — French Anarchism since 1880 — Anarchism in Switzerland — The Geneva Congress — Anarchism in Germany and Austria — Joseph Penkert — Anarchism in Be
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CHAPTER IX
CHAPTER IX
Legislation against Anarchists — Anarchism and Crime — Tolerance towards Anarchist Theory — Suppression of Anarchist Crime — Conclusion. hen about a year ago (1894) the Italian Caserio, a baker's apprentice, assassinated the amiable and respected President of the French Republic, probably thinking that he was thereby ridding the world of a tyrant, the public, in a mood perfectly comprehensible if not justifiable, was ready to take the severest measures against anyone suspected of Anarchism. An i
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SOUND MONEY.
SOUND MONEY.
THE SILVER SITUATION IN THE UNITED STATES. By F. W. Taussig, LL.B., Ph.D. , Professor of Political Economy in Harvard University; author of "The Tariff History of the United States." (No. 74 in the Questions of the Day Series.) Second Edition. Revised and enlarged. 8vo, cloth $ .75 "Professor Taussig is already-well known by his admirable 'History of the United States Tariff'; and at a time when currency problems are attracting attention in Europe, Asia, and America, the appearance of a treatise
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INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS.
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS.
AMERICA AND EUROPE. A Study of International Relations. I.— The United States and Great Britain: Their True Governmental and Commercial Relations. By David A. Wells . II.— The Monroe Doctrine. By Edward J. Phelps , late Minister to Great Britain. III.— Arbitration in International Disputes. By Carl Schurz . (No. 87 in the "Questions of the Day" Series.) Together, 1 vol. 8vo, 75 cents. "This is an extremely interesting book, a book which should make for peace." COMPARATIVE ADMINISTRATIVE LAW. An
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